JP6176538B2 - 室温でのガラス対ガラス、ガラス対プラスチックおよびガラス対セラミック/半導体接合 - Google Patents
室温でのガラス対ガラス、ガラス対プラスチックおよびガラス対セラミック/半導体接合 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6176538B2 JP6176538B2 JP2014540226A JP2014540226A JP6176538B2 JP 6176538 B2 JP6176538 B2 JP 6176538B2 JP 2014540226 A JP2014540226 A JP 2014540226A JP 2014540226 A JP2014540226 A JP 2014540226A JP 6176538 B2 JP6176538 B2 JP 6176538B2
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- heat absorbing
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Images
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- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description
従来の接合工程は典型的には高温で起こり、TCEが大きく異なると、接合したアセンブリが冷えた時に深刻な温度ひずみが生じる。しかしながら、本明細書で開示するレーザ接合方法を用いると、TCEが異なる材料をその温度で接合することができる。接合されている材料のバルク温度は、使用温度に設定することができるため、TCEは依然として異なっているものの、基板材料は温度変化しないため、基板材料に応力を加えたり、または歪めたりしない。
ガラス包装をシリコンチップに接合することは普通に行われている。この方法を行う場合には、材料それぞれのCTEを一致させ、高温接合工程中に移動することができるナトリウム原子を含むガラス材料を使用することが通常必要である。そのような特性を示す市販のガラス材料はあるが、バイアを導入するようなステップ中にそれらのガラス材料を加工するのは困難である。Forturanなどの感光性ガラスセラミック材料は構成しやすいが、CTEが10ppm/℃であり、ナトリウムイオンを含まない。これらの2つの特性から、シリコンに陽極接合することはほぼ不可能になる。感光性ガラスセラミック材料を融着させることはできるが、500℃まで加熱する必要がある。そのように高温へ変化すると、ガラス−シリコンアセンブリは、冷却工程中に砕ける。
ガラス対プラスチック接合は、1つの制約、すなわち、遮断層は、ガラスに取り付けられているポリマーを融解しないような比較的低温で拡散する材料であるべきことはあるが、上記の方法に非常に類似している。拡散温度が低い特に良好な材料は、AuSn(金錫共晶混合物)である。金錫の遮断熱吸収層の拡散温度は280℃である。別の有用な特性は、レーザパルス幅が、遮断熱吸収層層の熱時定数、すなわちフェムト秒領域における熱時定数に近づくことである。パルス長が短いほど、高融点ガラス材料をより低い温度で融解するプラスチック材料に接合する前にポリマーを燃やし、または融解する可能性が低い。また、中間層なしで赤外線レーザ光を使用し、この波長でポリマーの遮断性を用いて接合を行うことも可能である。
先の方法の説明では、レーザ光が、可視透過性基板を通って可視遮断基板に達することができるように、レーザ透過波長を選択した。しかしながら、このことは、必ずしも可能ではなく、望ましくなく、また必要でもない。例えばシリコンは、1μm〜10μmの波長において55%の光透過率を有するが、Bk−7ガラスは、3μmを超える波長で0に近い透過率を有する。このことにより、ガラスではなくシリコンに浸透させるのに、CO2レーザを使用することができる。そのような方法は、基板間の界面における接合位置上にレーザを位置合わせしながら、シリコンの裏面をガラスの前面に取り付けるために用いることができる。レーザはシリコンを通過し、ガラス/金属の遮断層に当たり、接合させる。
Claims (13)
- 基板接合のための方法において、
レーザ波長に対して透明な第1の基板を選択するステップと、
前記第1の基板と界面で合わせるための第2の基板を選択するステップと、
前記界面で透過率変化を起こすステップと、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板を合わせるステップと、
前記界面においてプラズマを生成するために、レーザの出力およびパルス幅を選択するステップと、
前記プラズマを生成するために、前記レーザからのパルスで前記第1の基板を照射するステップであって、前記プラズマを生成するための前記レーザからのパルスで前記第1の基板を照射することが前記第1の基板または第2の基板を溶解しない、ステップと、を含み、
前記プラズマが、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板を結合させるために、前記界面にわたって拡散することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記界面で透過率変化を起こす前記ステップが、合わせた前記界面における、前記第1の基板または前記第2の基板の表面の少なくとも一部の上に遮断熱吸収コーティングを堆積させるステップを含み、前記第1の基板を照射するステップが、前記遮断熱吸収コーティングから前記プラズマを生成するステップと、前記界面にすぐ隣接する前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板を、前記界面にわたる拡散によって軟化させるステップと、前記遮断熱吸収コーティングからのプラズマを前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板に拡散するステップと、を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、前記第2の基板もまた、前記レーザ波長に対して透明であり、前記遮断熱吸収コーティングからのプラズマを拡散するステップにより、基板接合の工程を自動調整し、前記レーザの照射による加熱を終了させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、照射する前記ステップが、合わせた前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板を移動させるステップをさらに含み、これにより、前記レーザからのビームが、前記第1の基板または前記第2の基板の特徴をたどるように、合わせた前記第1および第2の基板上の経路を照射することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、選択した前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板が、ガラスであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、前記遮断熱吸収コーティングを、一連の金属、半導体およびセラミックの材料から選択することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法において、前記選択した第1の基板がガラスであり、前記選択した第2の基板がプラスチックであり、前記遮断熱吸収コーティングが金錫共晶混合物であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法において、前記選択した第1の基板がシリコンであり、前記選択した第2の基板がガラスであり、前記レーザがCO2レーザであり、透過率変化を起こす前記ステップを、シリコンである第1の基板とガラスである第2の基板との透過率の差によって達成することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項4に記載の方法において、前記特徴が微小流体チャンネルを含み、前記界面で透過率変化を起こすステップが、前記微小流体チャンネルに隣接する前記合わさった界面で前記第1の基板または前記第2の基板の表面の少なくとも一部の上に、遮断熱吸収コーティングを堆積させるステップを含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項4に記載の方法において、前記界面で透過率変化を起こすステップが、前記合わさった界面で前記第1の基板または前記第2の基板の表面の少なくとも一部の上に、遮断熱吸収コーティングを堆積させるステップを含み、移動させる前記ステップが、前記遮断熱吸収コーティングの選択部分が導電性リードとして作用するように照射しないでおくために、前記経路を選択するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法において、
エッチング停止層として使用するために、前記第1の基板を金属化するステップと、
前記微小流体チャンネルをエッチングマスクでパターン化し、前記微小流体チャンネルをエッチングするステップと、
前記エッチング停止層を残しながら、前記エッチングマスクを除去するステップと、
キャップとして、前記第1の基板を第2の基板と組み合わせるステップと、
前記界面を通り抜けるリードを形成するように、非拡散金属トレースを残してレーザを入射させるための前記経路上を移動させながら、前記第1の基板と組み合わせた前記第2の基板をレーザ接合するステップと
をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項10に記載の方法において、前記第2の基板を、出入口バイアと共に構成することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法において、
熱拡散長(Lfi)が前記レーザの光学侵入深さ(α−1)未満であるような厚さの層の中に、前記遮断熱吸収コーティングを堆積させるステップと、
透過率が50%より大きいレーザ光波長を選択するステップと、
前記熱拡散長(Lfi)と一致するレーザ光パルス幅を選択するステップと、
遮断層の気化点に達するようなレーザ光出力を選択するステップと、
レーザ光パルス繰返数で、確実にパルス対パルスオーバーラップ50%未満で存在するように、ステージ移動速度を制御するステップと
をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。
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US13/291,956 | 2011-11-08 | ||
US13/291,956 US9492990B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2011-11-08 | Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding |
PCT/US2012/063977 WO2013070791A1 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2012-11-07 | Room temperature glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic and glass-to-ceramic/semiconductor bonding |
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