JP5924314B2 - 組電池 - Google Patents
組電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5924314B2 JP5924314B2 JP2013163381A JP2013163381A JP5924314B2 JP 5924314 B2 JP5924314 B2 JP 5924314B2 JP 2013163381 A JP2013163381 A JP 2013163381A JP 2013163381 A JP2013163381 A JP 2013163381A JP 5924314 B2 JP5924314 B2 JP 5924314B2
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 102
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017942 Ag—Ge Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017980 Ag—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016096 LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013392 LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018100 Ni-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910018532 Ni—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020935 Sn-Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008757 Sn—Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004339 Ti-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010978 Ti—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007984 tetrahydrofuranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Description
このように、組電池においては、それぞれの二次電池のSOCの均等化及びそのためのSOCの検知が必要になっていた。
SOC検知方法は、種々提案されている。例えば、電池電圧に基づいてSOCを検知する方法が特許文献1に記載されている。
本実施形態の組電池は、図1にその概略構成を示したように、複数のリチウムイオン二次電池(LB)と、演算装置(COM)と、放電装置(DD)と、を有する。なお、本実施形態において、リチウムイオン二次電池(LB)は特許請求の範囲の二次電池に相当し、演算装置(COM)は演算手段に相当し、放電装置(DD)は放電手段に相当する。
本実施形態の組電池では、組電池を構成するリチウムイオン二次電池(LB)の具体的な構成は限定されるものではない。
正極活物質がこれらの化合物よりなることで、二つのプラトー領域を有することができるリチウムイオン二次電池を得られる。
第一の演算装置(COM1)は、電圧計(VM;VM1〜VM4)から入力した測定結果と、時間の変化とから、時間当たりの電圧変化(dV/dt)を電圧変化率として算出する。本実施形態では、電圧変化率を時間当たりの電圧変化(dV/dt)として算出したが、算出される電圧変化率はこれに限定されるものではない。例えば、蓄電変化量当たりの電圧変化(dV/dQ)としてもよい。
以下、本実施形態の組電池の動作について、PHVで使用した場合を用いて、具体的に説明する。
PHVでは、図8に示したように、組電池のSOCの広い範囲で部分充放電(SOCの微小な変化)を繰り返すように動作する。
(LB2のΔSOC;ΔSOC2−1)=(LB2のSOC)−(LB1のSOC)
(LB3のΔSOC;ΔSOC3−1)=(LB3のSOC)−(LB1のSOC)
(LB4のΔSOC;ΔSOC4−1)=(LB4のSOC)−(LB1のSOC)
第一の演算装置(COM1)及び第二の演算装置(COM2)の算出結果は、第三の演算装置(COM3)に入力する。
以上により、本実施形態の組電池を構成する四つのリチウムイオン二次電池(LB1〜LB4)は、SOCが同じ値(LB1と同じ値)となる。
本形態は、バイパス放電の態様が異なること以外は、上記の実施形態と同様な形態である。
その後、決定したリチウムイオン二次電池(LB1〜LB4)の放電条件に基づいたバイパス放電を、放電装置(DD)に生じさせる。
すなわち、本形態の組電池でも、実施形態の組電池と同様な効果を発揮できる。
演算装置(COM)の結果を、他の演算装置(図示せず)に送信することで、それぞれのリチウムイオン二次電池(LB1〜LB4)及び組電池の故障診断に利用することができる。
本発明の組電池を構成する二次電池のリチウムイオン二次電池は、上記の正極活物質を用いることが好ましいこと以外は、従来のリチウムイオン二次電池と同様とすることができる。すなわち、リチウムイオン二次電池は、正極、負極、電解質、その他必要な部材を有する。
負極は、負極活物質、導電材及び結着材からなる負極合材を適用な溶媒に懸濁させて混合し、ペーストとしたものを集電体の片面または両面に塗布し、乾燥することで作製される。
集電体としては、従来公知の集電体を用いることができ、銅、ステンレス、チタンあるいはニッケルからなる箔、メッシュなどを用いることができる。
本発明の実施例として、上記の実施形態の組電池を製造した。具体的には、以下のリチウムイオン二次電池を4つ製造し、演算装置や放電装置とともに組電池を形成した。
LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4よりなる正極活物質粉末と、導電材であるアセチレンブラックと、バインダであるPVDFとを、85:50:10の質量比となるように秤量し、メノウ乳鉢で混合し、正極活物質ペーストを調製した。
以上により、リチウムイオン二次電池(LB)が得られた。
実施例の組電池の評価として、微小な充放電を繰り返し、四つのリチウムイオン二次電池(LB)のSOCのバラツキを確認した。
100サイクル終了後、リチウムイオン二次電池(LB1〜4)を取り出し、それぞれのSOCを測定し、最大のSOCと最小のSOCの差を求めた。
測定されたSOCの差は、比較例の組電池のSOCの差を100%としたときに、実施例の組電池では16%であった。
すなわち、実施例の組電池は、構成するそれぞれのリチウムイオン二次電池のSOCのバラツキに起因する組電池の劣化が促進されないものとなる。
AM,AM1,AM2,AM3,AM4:電流計
VM,VM1,VM2,VM3,VM4:電圧計
COM,COM1,COM2,COM3:演算装置
DD:放電装置
IG:イグニッションスイッチ
Claims (6)
- 複数の二次電池(LB1〜LB4)を組み合わせてなる組電池であって、
各該二次電池の充放電時の電圧変化率を算出する第一の演算手段(COM1)と、
該第一の演算手段で算出された各該二次電池の電圧変化率及び各該二次電池の充電率から、各該二次電池の放電条件を決定する第二の演算手段(COM2)と、
該組電池が充放電をしていないときに、該放電条件に基づいて各該二次電池を放電する放電手段(DD)と、
を有し、
各該二次電池が、電位変化の小さな領域であるプラトー領域を二つ以上有するとともに、二つのプラトー領域の間で電位が変化する領域をもつ正極材料を用い、
該正極材料が、LixMnyM1−yXO4(M;1種以上の遷移金属、X;P,As,Si,Moより選ばれる1種以上、0≦x<1.0、0≦y≦1.0)で表される2相共存型の反応を有する活物質を有し、
該第二の演算手段は、該電位が変化する領域の出現位置から各該二次電池の該充電率のズレを算出し、そして、放電後の各該二次電池のそれぞれの該充電率が同じとなるように該放電条件を決定することを特徴とする組電池。 - 前記第二の演算手段は、前記第一の演算手段で算出された電圧変化率が異なる各前記二次電池のうち前記充電率の最も小さい値に基づいて、他の該二次電池の前記放電条件を決定する請求項1記載の組電池。
- 前記第二の演算手段は、前記充電率の最小の値が算出された前記二次電池の充電率と、他の前記二次電池の充電率と、の差を算出し、
算出された該充電率の差に相当する放電を行うように前記放電条件を決定する請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。 - 前記組電池は、各前記二次電池の前記充電率のうち、最大の値と最小の値との差を算出する第三の演算手段(COM3)を有し、
該第三の演算手段で算出される該充電率の差が閾値を超えたときに前記放電手段に放電を生じさせる請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。 - 前記正極材料は、2相共存型の反応を有する活物質を有する請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。
- 前記活物質は、LixMnyM1−yXO4(M;1種以上の遷移金属、X;P,As,Si,Moより選ばれる1種以上、0≦x<1.0、0.4≦y≦1.0)である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。
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