JP5819579B2 - 薬物送達のためのマトリックスを含む微粒子 - Google Patents
薬物送達のためのマトリックスを含む微粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5819579B2 JP5819579B2 JP2008550443A JP2008550443A JP5819579B2 JP 5819579 B2 JP5819579 B2 JP 5819579B2 JP 2008550443 A JP2008550443 A JP 2008550443A JP 2008550443 A JP2008550443 A JP 2008550443A JP 5819579 B2 JP5819579 B2 JP 5819579B2
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Description
本発明は、植え込まれたポリマーマトリックスからの親水性薬物送達の分野に関する。
本非-仮特許出願は、35 USC §119(e) の下で、「薬物送達のためのマトリックスを含む微粒子」の名称で2006年1月13日に出願されたシリアル番号60/759,241を有する米国仮特許出願であってその全体が本明細書に参考として援用されている出願の優先権を主張する。
コートされた装置の近傍において局所的な治療効果を提供するためにコーティングから放出される治療化合物を含む薄層ポリマーコーティングを有する植え込み型医療装置は、様々な病状、特に心臓血管系の疾患を含む病状、の処置に有用であることが判っている。例えば、装置表面からの治療剤の送達は、植え込み型装置の存在によって、開始される細胞反応を抑制することができる。コーティングから放出される治療剤は、さもなければ植え込まれた後の装置の機能的寿命を短くするであろう条件を抑制することができる。コーティングから放出された治療剤は、体の疾患部位を治療することに向けられることもある。
本発明は、一般的に、生物活性剤を含む微粒子を含むポリマーマトリックスであって、体の組織又は体液と接触するように置かれる時に生物活性剤を放出することができるマトリックスに関する。該マトリックスは、植え込み型医療装置の表面上に形成されるコーティングの形態でよい、又は装置とは関係なくてもよい、例えば微粒子を含むインサイチュで形成されるマトリックスでもよい。
本明細書に記載の本発明の実施態様は、徹底的であることを意図するものではなく、又は以下の詳細な説明に開示された正確な形態に本発明を限定することを意図するものではない。むしろ、実施態様は、当業者が本発明の趣旨及び実施を認識及び理解することがきるように選択され、記載されている。
第1に、第1ポリマー材料及び親水性生物活性剤から形成される微粒子が、得られるか又は調製される。微粒子は、本明細書で考察されたポリマーマトリックス中に固定され、親水性生物活性剤の放出率が試験される。次いで、第1ポリマー、生物活性剤、有用な因子である第2選択ポリマーから形成された微粒子が、得られるか又は調製される。これらの微粒子は、ポリマーマトリックス中に固定され、そして、第2ポリマーが生物活性剤の放出を調整するか否かを決定するために、親水性生物活性剤の放出率が試験される。第2ポリマーは、第2ポリマーを含まない微粒子に比べて、親水性生物活性剤の放出率を減少させるために選択され得る。
第2ポリマーは、より硬く、マトリックスからの生物活性剤の放出率を減少させることができる。例えば、好適な第1ポリマー、例えばPLGA、のTgは、約45℃であり、好適な第2ポリマー、例えばPLLA、のTgは、約55℃である。
ステロイドの例は、グルココルチコイド、例えばコルチソン、ヒドロコルチソン、デキサメタゾン、ベタメタゾン、プレドニソン、プレソニソロン、メチルプレソニソロン、トリアムシノロン、ベクロメタゾン、フルドロコルチソン、及びアルドステロン;性ステロイソ、例えば、例えば、テストステロン、ジヒドロテストステロン、エストラジオール、ジエチルスチルベストロール、プロゲステロン及びプロゲスチンを含む。
ポリマー層中に固定されたジクロフェナク/PLGA微粒子
親水性の水溶性抗炎症剤を含む分解性ミクロスフェアを調製し、次いで、ポリマーマトリックス中の基材表面上に固定した。次いで、ミクロスフェア-コート基材を媒体中に置き、一定期間に渡って、基材表面からの抗炎症剤の放出を定量した。
更なるポリマートップコートを有するポリマー層中に固定されたジクロフェナク/PLGA微粒子
親水性の、水溶性抗炎症剤を含む分解性ミクロスフェアを調製し、次いでポリマーマトリックス中に基材表面上に固定した。ミクロスフェア/ポリマー層の後に、更なるポリマートップコートを加えた。次いで、ミクロスフェア-コート基材を媒体中に置き、基材表面からの抗炎症剤の放出を一定期間定量した。
ポリマーコーティング中の二重-壁ジクロフェナク微粒子
親水性の、水溶性抗-炎症性剤を含む、生分解性ポリマーを二重層を有する分解性ミクロスフェアを調製し、次いでポリマーマトリックス中の基材表面上に固定した。次いで、ミクロスフェア-コート基材を媒体中に置き、基材表面からの抗-炎症性剤の放出を一定期間に渡って定量した。
単一-壁及び二重-壁デキサメタゾン微粒子の調製
単一生分解性ポリマー又は2つの生分解性ポリマーの二重層を用いて、2種類のデキサメタゾン-含有微粒子を調製した。
二重-壁トリゴネリン/PLGA/PLLAミクロスフェアの調製
親水性の、水溶性薬物類似物を含む、生分解生ポリマーの二重層を有する分解性ミクロスフェアを調製した。
ジクロフェナクPLGA/PLLA及びデキサメタゾン/PLGAミクロスフェアを含むポリマーコーティングからの2つの薬物の放出
本実験では、2つの種類のミクロスフェア、すなわち単一-壁デキサメタゾン/PLGAミクロスフェア及び二重-壁ジクロフェナク/PLGA/PLLAミクロスフェア、を含むコーティングを調製した。ポリマーコーティングからの2つの薬物の放出が実現可能であり、そして、薬物放出率がミクロスフェアの形成によって自主的に決定された、ことが証明された。単一-壁デキサメタゾン-PLGAミクロスフェアを調製し、実施例4に記載のようにして特徴付けた。二重壁ジクロフェナク-PLGA/PLLAミクロスフェアを調製し、実施例3に記載のようにして特徴付けた。PVC片 (1 cm x 2 cm; Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH) をIPAで洗浄し、次いで光-PVPのプラマー層でコートした。光-PVPの第1溶液をIPAに2.5 mg/mlで溶解した。この溶液の100 μlを各片の上にピペットし、溶液を乾燥させた。PVC片をUV光 (Dymax, Light-Welder PC-2, Torrington, CT) を用いて、3分間照射した。次いで、PVC片を、100 μlの2.5 mg/ml 光-PVP水溶液に懸濁した、2.5 mg ジクロフェナク-PLGA/PLLA微粒子及び2.5 mg デキサメタソン-PLGA微粒子を含むスラリーでコートした。PVC上に形成されたフィルムを室温で乾燥し、次いで、UV光 (Dymax, Light- Welder PC-2, Torrington, CT) で1.0分間照射した。次いで、200 μlの、IPAの光-PVPの第1溶液 (2.5 mg/ml) をミクロスフェア-含有層の上部に塗った。溶液を空気乾燥し、次いで同一のUV装置で2分間照射した。コートされたPVC片を終夜、減圧下に乾燥した。
ポリマーコーティングにおけるミクロスフェアからのDNAの溶出
本実験では、DNAをPLGAミクロスフェア中にカプセル化し、次いで、粒子をポリマーコーティング中に捕捉した。DNAは、微粒子-含有コーティングから制御された方法で溶出することが証明された。
デキサメタゾン-PLGA微粒子による浸漬コーティング
円筒状基材の表面上に微粒子-含有コーティングを調製するために浸漬コーティング法を使用した。
ロッドについて上記したものと同一のコーティング、乾燥及び照射パラメータを用いて、5つのPEBAXロッドを浸漬コートした。3つのコートを各ロッドに適用した。表面に塗布されかつ結合されたコーティング量を決定するために、総コーティング重量を測定した。Sotax USP 4装置を用いて、ロッドからのデキサメタゾンの溶出を試験した。
PVPフィルムにおけるデキサメタゾン-PLGAミクロスフェアによるスプレイコーティング
PEBAXロッド表面にミクロスフェアを含むポリマーコーティングを沈着するために、スプレイ技術を用いた。
Claims (22)
- 植え込まれている、対象の標的部位に水溶性生物活性剤を放出するマトリックスであって、該マトリックスは、体液を該マトリックスを通過させるポリマー材料から形成され、該マトリックスは、マトリックス中に固定された少なくとも1群の微粒子を含み、該微粒子は、水溶性生物活性剤及び第1ポリマーであるポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)(PLGA)から主に成る内側部分と、第2ポリマーであるポリ-L-ラクチド(PLLA)から主に成る、該内側部分の外側の部分とを含み、該第2ポリマーは、第2ポリマーを含まない微粒子を含むマトリックスからの水溶性生物活性剤の放出と比較して、前記マトリックスからの水溶性生物活性剤の放出率を低下させ、該第1ポリマーは、該第2ポリマーのガラス転移温度(Tg)よりも低いTgを有し、該ポリマー材料は、合成親水性ポリマーであって、該微粒子の該第1及び2ポリマーよりも生物的に安定なポリマーを含む、マトリックス。
- 前記水溶性生物活性剤がイオン化可能分子を含む、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記水溶性生物活性剤が、1000 Da未満の分子量を有する、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記水溶性生物活性剤が、ポリペプチド、多糖及びポリヌクレオチドからなる群より選ばれる、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記ポリマー材料が、ポリマー材料を互いに結合させ、ポリマー材料を装置の表面に共有結合的に結合させ、又はポリマー材料を互いに結合させかつ装置の表面に共有結合的に結合させる反応基を含む、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記反応基が光反応基を含む、請求項5記載のマトリックス。
- 前記合成親水性ポリマーが、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、メタクリル酸、アクリル酸、グリセロールアクリレート、グリセロールメタクリレート、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド(DMA)、酢酸ビニル、ビニルピロリドン、ビニルアルコール、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド、ブチレンオキシド、及びそれらの混合物から成る群より選択されるモノマーのポリマーである、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記モノマーが、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、又はビニルピロリドンである、請求項7記載のマトリックス。
- 前記微粒子が、50 μm以下のサイズを有する、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 植え込まれたハイドロゲルの形態にある、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 植え込み型医療装置の表面上のコーティングの形態にある、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 植え込み型眼科装置の表面上のコーティングの形態にある、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記の水溶性生物活性剤のマトリックスからの放出において、マトリックス中に存在する水溶性生物活性剤の50 %以下が、前記の植え込み後の24時間以内にマトリックスから放出される、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記の水溶性生物活性剤のマトリックスからの放出において、マトリックス中に存在する水溶性生物活性剤の50 %が、前記の植え込み後の1〜29日以内にマトリックスから放出される、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記の水溶性生物活性剤のマトリックスからの放出において、マトリックス中に存在する水溶性生物活性剤の50 %が、前記の植え込み後の2〜18日以内にマトリックスから放出される、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記の水溶性生物活性剤のマトリックスからの放出において、マトリックス中に存在する水溶性生物活性剤の50 %が、前記の植え込み後の3〜11日以内にマトリックスから放出される、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 前記の水溶性生物活性剤のマトリックスからの放出において、マトリックス中に存在する水溶性生物活性剤の50%が、前記の植え込み後の4〜8日以内にマトリックスから放出される、請求項1記載のマトリックス。
- 植え込まれている、対象の標的部位に水溶性生物活性剤を放出するマトリックス、を形成するための組成物であって、
(a)ポリマー材料、及び該ポリマー材料にぶら下がっている、活性化されて反応基を形成するための潜在的反応基、及び(b)少なくとも1群の微粒子、を含み、ここで、該マトリックスは、体液を該マトリックスを通過させるポリマー材料から形成され、該微粒子は、水溶性生物活性剤及び第1ポリマーであるポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)(PLGA)から主に成る内側部分と、第2ポリマーであるポリ-L-ラクチド(PLLA)から主に成る、該内側部分の外側の部分とを含み、該第2ポリマーは、第2ポリマーを含まない微粒子を含むマトリックスからの水溶性生物活性剤の放出と比較して、前記マトリックスからの水溶性生物活性剤の放出率を低下させ、該第1ポリマーは、該第2ポリマーのガラス転移温度(Tg)よりも低いTgを有し、該ポリマー材料は、合成親水性ポリマーであって、該微粒子の該第1及び2ポリマーよりも生物的に安定なポリマーを含み;
該組成物は該反応基を活性化するために処理され、該微粒子群が固定されるマトリックスが提供される、組成物。 - 前記潜在的反応基が光反応基を含む、請求項18記載の組成物。
- UV光で照射されて、光反応基が活性化される、請求項19記載の組成物。
- 植え込み型装置の表面上にスプレイされる、請求項18記載の組成物。
- 植え込まれている、対象の標的部位に少なくとも2つの水溶性生物活性剤を放出するマトリックスであって、該マトリックスは、体液をマトリックスを通過させるポリマー材料から形成され、該マトリックスは、マトリックス中に固定された第1群の微粒子を含み、該第1群の微粒子は、水溶性生物活性剤及び第1ポリマーであるポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)(PLGA)から主に成る内側部分と、第2ポリマーであるポリ-L-ラクチド(PLLA)から主に成る、該内側部分の外側の部分とを含み、該第2ポリマーは、第2ポリマーを含まない微粒子を含むマトリックスからの水溶性生物活性剤の放出と比較して、前記マトリックスからの水溶性生物活性剤の放出率を低下させ、該第1ポリマーは、該第2ポリマーのガラス転移温度(Tg)よりも低いTgを有し、該ポリマー材料は、合成親水性ポリマーであって、該微粒子の該第1及び2ポリマーよりも生物的に安定なポリマーを含み;並びに
前記マトリックスは、マトリックス中に固定された第2群の微粒子を含み、該第2群の微粒子は、該水溶性生物活性剤とは異なる水溶性生物活性剤及びポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)(PLGA)を含む、マトリックス。
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