JP5795167B2 - 疾患治療剤 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
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- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
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- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
- C07K2317/732—Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]
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- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
Landscapes
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
i)CD4+T細胞であり、末梢性CD4+T細胞の5%〜10%を構成している、
ii)胸腺で成熟する、
iii)IL−2受容体(CD25)、CD45分子の低分子アイソフォームで、CD152(CTLA−4)、及び転写因子FoxP3と合わせて発現することを一般に特徴とする。
ヒト化抗体BT061(hB−F5)は、マウスB−F5mAbに由来し、以下のポリペプチド配列により定義されるVドメインを有する:
−H鎖Vドメイン:EEQLVESGGGLVKPGGSLRLSCAASGFSFSDCRMYWLRQAPGKGLEWIGVISVKSENYGANYAESVRGRFTISRDDSKNTVYLQMNSLKTEDTAVYYCSAS YYRYDVGAWFAYWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号1)
−L鎖Vドメイン:DIVMTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINCRASKSVSTSGYSYIYWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASILESGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQAEDVAVYYCQHSRELPWTFG QGTKVEIK(配列番号2)。
ヒト化B−F5VH領域及びVK領域の設計
マウスB−F5VH領域及びVK領域をコードするDNA配列をそれぞれ図3及び図4に示し、配列識別子を配列番号5及び配列番号6とする。マウスCDRがグラフトされているヒトVH及びVKは、オリジナルのマウスB−F5VH及びVKに最も類似しているヒトVHをデータベースで検索することにより選択した。ヒト抗体(M26;アクセッション番号A36006)のVH領域が、B−F5VHに対して最も高い相同性を有していた。別のヒト抗体(FK−001;NAKATANI et al.,Biotechnology,7(1989),805−810))のVK領域が、B−F5VKに対して最も高い相同性を有していた。
この後のヒト化B−F5の産生工程は、ヒト化B−B10について米国特許第5,886,152号明細書に開示されているものと同一であった。
CD4結合活性の評価
4種のhB−F5を産生するトランスフェクトーマの培養上清を回収し濃縮した。プロテインA Sepharoseを用いてアフィニティクロマトグラフィーにより培養上清から様々な抗体を精製し、競合ELISAを用いてビオチン化mB−F5とマイクロタイタープレート上にコーティングされている可溶性CD4との結合に対する前記抗体の阻害活性を測定することにより前記抗体のCD4結合活性を評価した。インキュベート時間は、37℃の場合は2時間及び4℃の場合は一晩である。
マウスB−F5及びヒト化B−F5(H37L/L4M IgG1及びH37L/L4L IgG1)のインビトロにおける生物学的活性を評価した。IgG2型のヒト化B−F5(H37L/L4M IgG2及びH37L/L4L IgG2)についても試験した。
上述の通り本発明で用いられる医薬組成物及び薬剤は、高用量により利益を得ることができる患者の自己免疫疾患を治療可能であることが好ましい。かかる患者としては罹患期間の長い重篤な患者が挙げられるがこれに限定されない。
Mosteller式:(BSA(m2))=([高さ(cm)×重量(kg)]/3600)1/2
(Mosteller RD:Simplified Calculation of Body Surface Area.N Engl J Med 1987 Oct 22;317(17):1098)
DuBois及びDuBois式:BSA(m2)=0.20247×高さ(m)0.725×重量(kg)0.425
(DuBois D;DuBois EF:A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known.Arch Int Med 1916 17:863−71.)
Haycock式:BSA(m2)=0.024265×高さ(cm)0.3964×重量(kg)0.5378
(Haycock G.B.,Schwartz G.J.,Wisotsky D.H.Geometric method for measuring body surface area:A height weight formula validated in infants,children and adults.The Journal of Pediatrics 1978 93:1:62−66)
Gehan及びGeorge式:BSA(m2)=0.0235×高さ(cm)0.42246×重量(kg)0.51456
(Gehan EA,George SL,Estimation of human body surface area from height and weight.Cancer Chemother Rep 1970 54:225−35)
Boyd式:BSA(m2)=0.0003207×高さ(cm)0.3×重量(グラム)(0.7285−(0.0188×LOG(グラム))
PASI=0.1(Eh+Ih+Dh)Ah+0.2(Eu+Iu+Du)Au+0.3(Et+It+Dt)At+0.4(El+Il+Dl)Al
方法
新鮮末梢血を用いて全血培養を実施した。簡潔に述べると19Gの針を用いて3人の健常ボランティアからヘパリン処理したシリンジに血液を採取した。血液提供後60分以内に前記血液を96ウェル培養プレートに播種した。
(a)抗CD3抗体(R&D Systems;50ng/mL);
(b)植物性血球凝集素(PHA、Biochrom KG;3pa/mL)及び抗CD28抗体(Becton−Dickinson;1μg/mL);
(c)リポ多糖類(LPS、Sigma Aldrich製サブタイプ055:B15;1μg/mL);
(d)SE−B(Bernhard−Nocht−Institut;25ng/mL)及び抗CD28抗体(Becton−Dickinson;1μg/mL)
BT061は、健常ボランティア由来の全血培養物において単球/マクロファージの主な活性、Th1活性、及びTh2活性に対して有意な効果を示さなかった。Treg細胞に対する濃度依存性効果が見られた(TGF−β放出の増加として示された)。
・患者における最高150mgの高用量適用に相当する最高50μg/mLの濃度において炎症性サイトカインIL−2は調節されない、
・患者における最高150mgの高用量適用に相当する最高50μg/mLの濃度において炎症性サイトカインIFN−γは誘導されない、
・患者における高用量適用に相当する最高50μg/mLの濃度においてTh1/Th2サイトカインは調節されない、
・辺縁増殖(marginal increment)によりIL−6の非常に散発性であるアップレギュレーションのみが生じ、この意味については議論の余地がある、
・TGF−β放出が増加する(Treg細胞)、
・単球/マクロファージの主な調節活性、Th1活性、及びTh2活性に対して有意な効果は見られない。
方法
増殖アッセイ
96ウェル平底マイクロタイタープレート内にて200μL/ウェル(4×105細胞/ウェル)の体積の新たに単離したPBMCを培養した。試験品(抗CD4 AK BT061)は、20μg/mL、4μg/mL、及び0.8μg/mL(予備試験では更に40μg/mLも)の濃度で用いた。破傷風類毒素は、25μg/mL、5μg/mL、及び1μg/mLの濃度で用いた。陰性対照として細胞培養培地を用いた。全ての培養物を3連で用意した。
市販のELISAキットを用い、各メーカの取扱説明書に従って培養上清中の全サイトカインを定量した。用いた試薬を以下の表1に記載する。
BT061(ヒト化B−F5或いは単にhB−F5とも呼ばれる)は、破傷風類毒素特異的T細胞増殖を用量依存的に抑制することができ、T細胞の総数に対する影響は見られなかった。サイトカイン放出の全身性抑制が見られた。
・破傷風類毒素誘導性T細胞増殖の用量依存的抑制(再現反応)が高用量BT061でさえも見られ、これは、BT061が全ての免疫反応を抑制する訳ではないことを示す。用いられた用量は、患者において最高60mgの高用量適用に相当する、
・Th1/Th2バランスに影響を及ぼすことなしに、サイトカイン放出が全身で抑制される(IFN−γ、IL−5、及びTNF−αの用量依存的減少、IL−1、IL−4、IL−6、IL−10には変化無し)、
・TGF−β放出が増加する。
HuT78標的細胞をBT061(hB−F5)で標識し、エフェクタとしてのPBMC細胞と共にインキュベートした。30分間インキュベーションした後のDNA色素ヨウ化プロピジウムの取り込みにより死細胞を検出することができた。結果を表5に示す。
BT061(抗CD4mAb)誘導性アポトーシスについてのフローサイトメトリー試験において、全血由来のPBMCをBT061或いは陽性対照と共にインキュベートした。
補体因子C1qの結合についてのフローサイトメトリー試験において、PBMCを単離しBT061(抗CD4mAb)と共にインキュベートし、続いて精製組み換えC1qと共にインキュベートした。
18歳以上75歳以下の健常男性及び女性ボランティアにおいて漸増用量の抗体を用いてBT061の安全性及び耐容性をモニタするための研究を行った。
BT061の皮下投与について以下の表9に示す。
最高60mgの静脈内用量及び皮下用量は一般に耐容性に優れていることが見出された。
サイトカイン放出誘導は、ATG、OKT3、CAMPATH−1H、及びヒト化抗CD3mAb(TRX4、Visilizumab、及びTeplizumab)などのT細胞相互作用治療抗体の使用に伴って生じる一般的な即時併発症である。主な症状としては、中等度の発熱、頭痛、及び自己限定性胃腸炎が挙げられる。抗体投与後のサイトカイン誘導と相関する副作用には、抗ヒスタミン剤塩酸ジフェンヒドラミン及び抗炎症剤イブプロフェンの少なくともいずれかなどの更なる薬剤の適用を必要とする。
更に該試験は、採取した血漿サンプル中のCD4陽性リンパ球数の研究も含んでいた。
中等度〜重篤な慢性乾癬に罹患している患者56人についてhB−F5 BT061の自己免疫疾患を治療する能力を試験した。試験は、hB−F5の安全性及び有効性を評価するための単一用量漸増試験を含む。
56人の患者を各群8人ずつの7種の用量群に分けた。5種の用量群(用量群I〜V)に抗体或いはプラセボを静脈内投与し、2種の用量群(用量群VI〜VII)に抗体或いはプラセボを皮下投与した。各用量群の2人の患者にプラセボを投与し、各用量群の残り6人にはある用量のBT061を投与した。用量群Iでは6人の患者に0.5mgBT061を静脈内投与した。用量群II〜Vでは6人の患者にそれぞれ2.5mg、5mg、10mg、或いは20mgのBT061を投与した。皮下投与の用量群VI及びVIIでは6人の患者にそれぞれ12.5mg或いは25mgのBT061を投与した。
用量群Iの6人の患者に0.5mgのBT061を単回静脈内適用し、用量群Iの2人の患者にプラセボを投与した。各患者の体重当たりの用量及び体表面積(BSA)当たりの用量を表13に示す。体表面積は本明細書に記載されたMosteller式に従って算出した。
用量群IIの6人の患者に2.5mgのBT061を単回静脈内適用し、用量群IIの2人の患者にプラセボを投与した。各患者の体重当たりの用量及び体表面積(BSA)当たりの用量を表14Aに示す。
用量群IIIの6人の患者に5.0mgのBT061を単回静脈内適用し、用量群IIIの2人の患者にプラセボを投与した。各患者の体重当たりの用量及び体表面積(BSA)当たりの用量を表14Bに示す。
用量群IVの6人の患者に10.0mgのBT061を単回静脈内適用し、用量群IVの2人の患者にプラセボを投与した。各患者の体重当たりの用量及び体表面積(BSA)当たりの用量を表14Cに示す。
BT061の関節リウマチを治療する能力について、関節リウマチ患者で試験した。試験は12群に分けられた96人の患者についての複数回投与試験を含む。各群2人の患者にプラセボを投与し、6人の患者にBT061を投与した。患者は6週間に亘って週1回投与を受けた。
Claims (35)
- 薬学的に許容される担体と、CD4+CD25+制御性T細胞を活性化可能なヒト化抗CD4抗体とを含む自己免疫疾患を治療するための医薬組成物であって、投与1回当たりの前記ヒト化抗CD4抗体の量が25mg〜200mgで対象に皮下投与され、
前記ヒト化抗CD4抗体が、H鎖Vドメイン、L鎖Vドメイン及びIgG1の定常ドメインを含み、
前記H鎖Vドメインの相補性決定領域(CDR)が、ポリペプチド配列DCRMY、VISVKSENYGANYAESVRG、及びSYYRYDVGAWFAYを含み、かつ前記L鎖Vドメインの相補性決定領域(CDR)が、ポリペプチド配列RASKSVSTSGYSYIY、LASILES、及びQHSRELPWTを含むことを特徴とする医薬組成物。 - 投与1回当たりのヒト化抗CD4抗体の量が25mg〜80mgで対象に投与される請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 投与1回当たりのヒト化抗CD4抗体の量が25mg〜60mgで対象に投与される請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が、乾癬、関節リウマチ、多発性硬化症、1型糖尿病、炎症性腸疾患、クローン病、自己免疫甲状腺炎、自己免疫重症筋無力症、全身性エリテマトーデス、及びグラフト対ホスト反応、又は一般的な器官寛容性の問題などの移植関連疾患から選択される請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が乾癬である請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物が患者の乾癬面積及び重症度指数(PASI)スコアを少なくとも40%改善することにより乾癬を治療することができる請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物が患者の乾癬面積及び重症度指数(PASI)スコアを少なくとも50%改善することにより乾癬を治療することができる請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が関節リウマチである請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物が、0.1mL〜3mLの投与体積で提供される請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 投与体積が0.5mL〜1.5mLである請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト化抗CD4抗体が10mg/mL〜150mg/mLの濃度で存在する請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト化抗CD4抗体が15mg/mL〜75mg/mLの濃度で存在する請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト化抗CD4抗体が20mg/mL〜60mg/mLの濃度で存在する請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 単回用量として又は複数回用量の一部として用いるための請求項1から13のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物が複数回用量の一部であり、各用量が1日間に1回、2日間に1回、1週間に1回、2週間に1回、4週間に1回、8週間に1回、12週間に1回、24週間に1回、48週間に1回、6ヶ月間に1回、又は1年間に1回投与される請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が乾癬であり、用量が2週間に1回投与される請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が乾癬であり、用量が4週間に1回投与される請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が関節リウマチであり、用量が2週間に1回投与される請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が関節リウマチであり、用量が4週間に1回投与される請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 投与開始後10分〜投与終了後96時間の期間内に、対象の血漿サイトカイン濃度が投与直前の濃度の1倍超かつ20倍未満増加し、前記サイトカインがIFN−γ、TNF−α、IL−6、及びIL−2から選択される請求項1から19のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 投与開始後10分〜投与終了後96時間の期間内に、対象の血漿サイトカイン濃度が正常上限(ULN)値の1倍超かつ20倍未満増加し、前記サイトカインがIFN−γ、TNF−α、IL−6、及びIL−2から選択され、前記ULN値がそれぞれ3.8pg/mL、2.8pg/mL、4.4pg/mL、及び19.4pg/mLである請求項1から20いずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 投与後72時間〜96時間の期間内、対象の血漿CD4+リンパ球細胞数が少なくとも200細胞/μLである請求項1から21のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 血漿CD4+リンパ球細胞数が少なくとも250細胞/μLである請求項22に記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト化抗CD4抗体が皮下投与され、前記ヒト化抗CD4抗体の用量が最高39.5mgである請求項22及び23のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト化抗CD4抗体が皮下投与され、前記ヒト化抗CD4抗体の用量が最高39.5mgであり、投与後0時間〜72時間の期間内、対象の血漿CD4+リンパ球細胞数が少なくとも300細胞/μLである請求項1から21のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 投与後72時間〜30日の期間内、対象の血漿CD4+リンパ球細胞数が少なくとも300細胞/μLである請求項1から21のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト化抗CD4抗体がヒト化モノクローナル抗体である請求項1から26のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト化抗CD4抗体が以下のポリペプチド配列により定義されるVドメイン:
−H鎖Vドメイン:
EEQLVESGGGLVKPGGSLRLSCAASGFSFSDCRMYWLRQAPGKGLEWIGVISVKSENYGANYAESVRGRFTISRDDSKNTVYLQMNSLKTEDTAVYYCSASYYRYDVGAWFAYWGQGTLVTVSS(配列番号1)
−L鎖Vドメイン:
DIVMTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINCRASKSVSTSGYSYIYWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASILESGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQAEDVAVYYCQHSRELPWTFGQGTKVEIK(配列番号2)
を有する請求項1から27のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。 - ヒト化抗CD4抗体がマウスモノクローナル抗CD4抗体B−F5由来のヒト化抗CD4抗体である請求項1から28のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が乾癬であり、用量が1週間に1回投与される請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 自己免疫疾患が関節リウマチであり、用量が1週間に1回投与される請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 投与後3時間〜6時間の期間内、対象の血漿CD4+リンパ球細胞数が250細胞/μL未満である請求項1から31のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 投与後72時間〜96時間の期間内、対象の血漿CD4+リンパ球細胞数が投与直前の前記対象の血漿CD4+リンパ球細胞数の50%以上である請求項1から32のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 改善が医薬組成物の単回用量投与後56日間見られる請求項6及び7のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 改善が医薬組成物の単回用量投与後75日間見られる請求項6及び7のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
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IL207890A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
CA2718191C (en) | 2018-05-15 |
BRPI0909180A2 (pt) | 2016-08-09 |
MX2010010026A (es) | 2011-03-21 |
JP2014122224A (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
KR20100135807A (ko) | 2010-12-27 |
US20110059082A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
AU2009235622A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
SG10201503135RA (en) | 2015-06-29 |
EP2262838B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
ES2569217T3 (es) | 2016-05-09 |
RU2010141858A (ru) | 2012-04-20 |
WO2009124815A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
AU2009235622C1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
AU2009235622B2 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
US9512226B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
EP2262838A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
JP2011515345A (ja) | 2011-05-19 |
HK1151533A1 (zh) | 2012-02-03 |
HUE028962T2 (en) | 2017-01-30 |
CO6311006A2 (es) | 2011-08-22 |
AU2009235622C9 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
RU2540013C2 (ru) | 2015-01-27 |
CN102027016A (zh) | 2011-04-20 |
ZA201007216B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
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