JP5784907B2 - 組換え型vwf製剤 - Google Patents
組換え型vwf製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5784907B2 JP5784907B2 JP2010540873A JP2010540873A JP5784907B2 JP 5784907 B2 JP5784907 B2 JP 5784907B2 JP 2010540873 A JP2010540873 A JP 2010540873A JP 2010540873 A JP2010540873 A JP 2010540873A JP 5784907 B2 JP5784907 B2 JP 5784907B2
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- 229940099429 polyoxyl 40 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068965 polysorbates Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008057 potassium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004952 protein activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004845 protein aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006318 protein oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006920 protein precipitation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006337 proteolytic cleavage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940107568 pulmozyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010188 recombinant method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005932 reductive alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037425 regulation of transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009712 regulation of translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010839 reverse transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950004257 ristocetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700004121 sarkosyl Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028043 self proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002741 site-directed mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M sodium cholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FHHPUSMSKHSNKW-SMOYURAASA-M sodium deoxycholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 FHHPUSMSKHSNKW-SMOYURAASA-M 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VMSNAUAEKXEYGP-YEUHZSMFSA-M sodium glycodeoxycholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 VMSNAUAEKXEYGP-YEUHZSMFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC([O-])=O KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012064 sodium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HRQDCDQDOPSGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O HRQDCDQDOPSGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010110 spontaneous platelet aggregation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229960004072 thrombin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091005703 transmembrane proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035160 transmembrane proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000034512 ubiquitination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010798 ubiquitination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020005087 unfolded proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000020294 von Willebrand disease 1 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099073 xolair Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は全般的に、組換え型VWF(von Willebrand factor)の製剤および組換え型VWFを含む組成物の製造方法に関する。
本発明はまた、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
(a)rVWF;(b)緩衝剤;(c)1種または複数種の塩;(d)任意に安定化剤;および(e)任意に界面活性剤を含む組換え型von Willebrand因子(rVWF)の安定な液体医薬製剤であって、
該rVWFは
a)配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列;
b)a)の生物学的に活性なアナログ、フラグメントまたは変異体;
c)配列番号1に記載したポリヌクレオチドによってコードされるポリペプチド;
d)c)の生物学的に活性なアナログ、フラグメントまたは変異体;および
e)中程度にストリンジェントなハイブリダイゼーション条件下で配列番号1に記載したポリヌクレオチドとハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドによってコードされるポリペプチド
からなる群より選択されるポリペプチドを含み;
該緩衝剤は約0.1mM〜約500mMの範囲のpH緩衝剤からなり、かつそのpHは約2.0〜約12.0の範囲にあり;
該塩は約1〜500mMの濃度にあり;
該安定化剤は約0.1〜1000mMの濃度にあり;
該界面活性剤は約0.01g/L〜0.5g/Lの濃度にある
製剤。
(項目2)
上記rVWFが配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列を含む、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目3)
上記緩衝剤が、クエン酸ナトリウム、グリシン、ヒスチジン、トリスおよびこうした緩衝剤の組み合わせからなる群より選択される、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目4)
上記緩衝剤が、15mMの濃度のクエン酸ナトリウムである、項目3に記載の製剤。
(項目5)
pHが6.0〜8.0の範囲にある、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目6)
pHが6.5〜7.3の範囲にある、項目5に記載の製剤。
(項目7)
上記pHが7.0である、項目4に記載の製剤。
(項目8)
上記緩衝剤はシトラートであり、そのpHが7.0である、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目9)
上記塩は塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムおよび塩化マグネシウムからなる群より選択される、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目10)
上記塩は0.5〜300mMの濃度範囲である、項目9に記載の製剤。
(項目11)
上記塩は10mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムである、項目10に記載の製剤。
(項目12)
上記rVWFは配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列を含み;上記緩衝剤はシトラートであり、そのpHが7.0であり;上記塩は10mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムである、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目13)
上記rVWFは配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列を含み;上記緩衝剤は15mMの濃度のクエン酸ナトリウムであり、そのpHが7.0であり;上記塩は10mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムおよび100mMの濃度のNaClである、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目14)
上記1種または複数種の緩衝剤はそれぞれ3.3mMの濃度のヒスチジンおよびトリスである、項目3に記載の製剤。
(項目15)
上記pHが7.0である、項目3に記載の製剤。
(項目16)
上記1種または複数種の塩は30mMの濃度の塩化ナトリウムおよび0.56mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムである、項目9に記載の製剤。
(項目17)
上記安定化剤はマンニトール、ラクトース、ソルビトール、キシリトール、スクロース、トレハロース、マンノース、マルトース、ラクトース、グルコース、ラフィノース、セロビオース、ゲンチオビオース、イソマルトース、アラビノース、グルコサミン、フルクトースおよびこれらの安定化剤の組み合わせからなる群より選択される、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目18)
上記安定化剤は7.8mMの濃度のトレハロースおよび58.6mMの濃度のマンニトールである、項目17に記載の製剤。
(項目19)
上記界面活性剤はジギトニン、トリトンX−100、トリトンX−114、トゥイーン20、トゥイーン80およびこれらの界面活性剤の組み合わせからなる群より選択される、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目20)
上記界面活性剤は0.03g/Lのトゥイーン80である、項目1に記載の製剤。
(項目21)
上記rVWFは配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列を含み;上記緩衝剤は3.3mMの濃度のヒスチジンおよびpH7.0で3.3mMの濃度のトリスであり;上記塩は30mMの濃度の塩化ナトリウムおよび0.56mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムであり;上記安定化剤は7.8mMの濃度のトレハロースおよび58.6mMの濃度のマンニトールであり;上記界面活性剤は0.03g/Lのトゥイーン80である、項目1に記載の製剤。
他に定義しない限り、本明細書で使用する技術用語および科学用語はすべて本発明が属する技術分野の当業者が一般に理解しているのと同じ意味を持つ。以下の参考文献は本発明に使用する多くの用語の一般的な定義を当業者に与えてくれる:Singletonら、DICTIONARY OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY(2d ed.1994);THE CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(Walker ed.,1988);THE GLOSSARY OF GENETICS,5TH ED.,R.Rieger,et al.(eds.),Springer Verlag(1991);and Hale and Marham,THE HARPER COLLINS DICTIONARY OF BIOLOGY(1991)。
プレプロVWFのポリヌクレオチド配列およびアミノ酸配列をそれぞれ配列番号1および配列番号2に示す。それぞれGenBank受託番号NM_000552およびNP_000543で入手できる。成熟VWFタンパク質に対応するアミノ酸配列を配列番号3(全長プレプロVWFアミノ酸配列のアミノ酸764〜2813に相当する)に示す。
ポリペプチドのフラグメント、変異体またはアナログの調製方法は当該技術分野において公知である。
賦形剤は製剤(drug product)の安定性および送達性を付加したり、向上させたりするために製剤に加える添加剤である。賦形剤は、加える理由にかかわらず、製剤(drug product)に不可欠な成分であり、したがって、患者において安全かつ忍用性が良好である必要がある。タンパク質薬剤の場合、賦形剤の選択が薬剤の有効性および免疫原性の両方に影響する可能性があるため特に重要である。このため、タンパク質製剤は、好適な安定性、安全性および市場性を与える賦形剤を適切に選択して開発する必要がある。
薬理学的に活性なポリペプチド製剤の安定性は通常、狭いpH範囲で最大になることが観察される。この最も安定したpH範囲は、プレフォーミュレーション研究の初期段階で確認する必要がある。これを行う際には加速安定性試験および熱量測定スクリーニング試験などいくつかのアプローチが有用であることが明らかになっている(Remmele R.L.Jr.ら、Biochemistry,38(16):5241−7(1999))。製剤が完成したら、その医薬品を保管期間通じて製造し、保存する必要がある。したがって、製剤のpHを調節するために必ずといっていいほど緩衝剤が使用される。
タンパク質の溶解性、物理的安定性および等張性に重要である場合がある製剤のイオン強度を高めるには、塩を加える場合が多い。塩は、様々な方法でタンパク質の物理的安定性に作用することができる。イオンは、タンパク質の表面の荷電残基に結合して未変性状態のタンパク質を安定化させることができる。あるいは、塩は、タンパク質骨格(−CONH−)に沿ったペプチド基に結合して変性状態を安定化させることもできる。塩はさらに、タンパク質分子内の残基間の静電的斥力相互作用を遮蔽してタンパク質の未変性コンホメーションも安定化させることができる。タンパク質製剤中の塩は、タンパク質の凝集および不溶を引き起こすことがあるタンパク質分子間の静電的斥力相互作用を遮蔽することもできる。提供する製剤中の塩濃度は0.1、1、10、20、30、40、50、80、100、120、150、200、300および500mMの間である。
本医薬製剤においては、保管による凝集および化学分解を防止または抑制するために安定剤(または安定剤の組み合わせ)を加えてもよい。曇ったまたは濁った溶液は再構成時にタンパク質が沈殿したり、または少なくとも凝集したりすることが示されている。「安定剤」という用語は、液体状態における凝集または他の物理的分解だけでなく、化学分解(たとえば、自己分解、脱アミド、酸化など)を防止できる賦形剤を意味する。医薬組成物に通常使用される安定剤として、スクロース、トレハロース、マンノース、マルトース、ラクトース、グルコース、ラフィノース、セロビオース、ゲンチオビオース、イソマルトース、アラビノース、グルコサミン、フルクトース、マンニトール、ソルビトール、グリシン、アルギニンHCL、デキストラン、デンプン、ヒドロキシエチルデンプン、シクロデキストリン、N−メチルピロリデン、セルロースおよびヒアルロン酸などの多糖類を含むポリ−ヒドロキシ化合物、塩化ナトリウムが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない[Carpenterら、Develop.Biol.Standard 74:225,(1991)]。安定剤は本製剤中に約0.1、0.5、0.7、0.8 0.9、1.0、1.2、1.5、1.7、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、200、500、700、900または1000mMの濃度で加える。
タンパク質分子は、気−液、バイアル−液および液−液(シリコーンオイル)界面で吸着および変性を受けやすくなる表面と相互作用する傾向が強い。この分解経路はタンパク質濃度に逆相関することが観察されており、この分解経路により可溶性および不溶性のタンパク質凝集の形成、または表面への吸着による溶液からのタンパク質の減少のどちらが起こる。表面に誘起される分解は容器表面への吸着に加えて、生成物の輸送および取り扱いの過程で見られるような物理的撹拌によっても進む。
アミノ酸
アミノ酸は緩衝液、充填剤、安定剤および酸化防止剤としてタンパク質製剤に広く使用されている。ヒスチジンおよびグルタミン酸はそれぞれpH範囲5.5〜6.5および4.0〜5.5でタンパク質製剤の緩衝に使用される。ヒスチジンのイミダゾール基はpKa=6.0であり、グルタミン酸側鎖のカルボキシル基のpKaは4.3であるため、これらのアミノ酸はそのそれぞれのpH範囲での緩衝に好適である。そうした場合にグルタミン酸は特に有用である(たとえば、Stemgen(登録商標))。ヒスチジンは市販のタンパク質製剤(たとえば、Xolair(登録商標)、Herceptin(登録商標)、Recombinate(登録商標))によく用いられており、このアミノ酸は、注射時に刺痛があることが知られている緩衝液シトラートに変わる緩衝液になっている。興味深いことに、ABX−IL8(IgG2抗体)を含む製剤で認められているように、ヒスチジンは高濃度で使用する場合、液体状態でも凍結乾燥状態でも凝集に対して安定化作用があることも報告されている(Chen Bら、Pharm Res.,20(12):1952−60(2003))。さらに、ヒスチジン(最大60mM)は、この抗体の高濃度製剤の粘度を低下させることも観察された。しかしながら、同じ試験でこの著者らは、ステンレス鋼容器中の抗体に関する凍結融解試験においてヒスチジン含有製剤中で凝集および変色が促進されるのを観察した。著者らはこれを鋼容器の腐食により溶出した鉄イオンの影響によるものと考えた。ヒスチジンのもう1つの注意点は、金属イオンの存在下で光酸化を受けることである(Tomita Mら、Biochemistry,8(12):5149−60(1969))。メチオニンを製剤の酸化防止剤として使用するのは有望のようであり、多くの酸化ストレスに対して有効であることが観察されている(Lam XMら、J Pharm Sci,86(11):1250−5(1997))。
タンパク質残基の酸化は様々な原因から起こる。酸化によるタンパク質損傷の予防に際しては、特定の酸化防止剤の添加以外に、空気中の酸素、温度、光の曝露および化学汚染など生成物の製造プロセスおよび保管を通じて多くの要因を慎重に制御する必要もある。最も多く使われている医薬用酸化防止剤は還元剤、酸素/フリーラジカルスカベンジャーまたはキレート化剤である。治療用タンパク質製剤の酸化防止剤は水溶性であり、生成物の保管期間を通じて活性が維持される。還元剤および酸素/フリーラジカルスカベンジャーは溶液中の活性酸素種を切断することで作用する。EDTAなどのキレート化剤は、フリーラジカルの形成を促進する微量金属夾雑物に結合することで効果を発揮する。たとえば、EDTAは、金属イオンを触媒とするシステイン残基の酸化を阻害するため酸性線維芽細胞増殖因子の液体製剤に使用されていた。EDTAはKineret(登録商標)およびOntak(登録商標)のような市販の製品に使用されている。
一般に、遷移金属イオンはタンパク質の物理化学的分解反応を触媒する恐れがあるため、タンパク質製剤には好ましくない。しかしながら、特定の金属イオンはタンパク質の補助因子である場合に製剤に、さらに金属イオンが配位錯体を形成する場合にタンパク質の懸濁液製剤(たとえば、インスリンの亜鉛懸濁液)に含まれている。最近ではマグネシウムイオン(10〜120mM)を使用すると、アスパラギン酸のイソアスパラギン酸への異性化が阻害されると考えられている(国際公開第2004039337号)。
同一容器から2回以上取り出す必要がある複数回使用の非経口製剤を開発する場合は防腐剤が必要である。その機能は微生物の増殖を阻害し、製剤(drug product)の保管期間または使用期間を通じて生成物の無菌性を確保することである。多く使用される防腐剤として、ベンジルアルコール、フェノールおよびm−クレゾールが挙げられる。防腐剤は長い間使用されてはいるものの、防腐剤を含むタンパク質製剤の開発は問題となる場合がある。防腐剤は、ほとんどの場合、タンパク質に不安定化作用(凝集)を及ぼすものであり、これが反復投与タンパク質製剤への防腐剤使用が制限される主な要因になっている(Roy Sら、J Pharm Sci,94(2):382−96(2005))。
また、本発明のVWFポリペプチドを含む製剤は投与前に凍結乾燥する場合があることも意図している。凍結乾燥は当該技術分野における通常の技法を用いて行い、開発している組成物に対して最適化するべきである[Tangら、Pharm Res.21:191−200,(2004)and Changら、Pharm Res.13:243−9(1996)]。
本発明はさらに、医薬製剤の調製方法も意図している。種々の水性キャリア、たとえば、無菌注射用水、防腐剤を含む反復投与用の水もしくは適切な量の界面活性剤(たとえば、ポリソルベート−20)を含む水、0.4%食塩水、0.3%グリシンまたは水性懸濁液には、水性懸濁液の製造に好適な賦形剤との混合物としての活性化合物を含めてもよい。種々の態様では、そうした賦形剤は、たとえば、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ポリビニルピロリドン、トラガントゴムおよびゴムアカシアなどの懸濁化剤であり、分散剤または湿潤剤、たとえば、レシチンなどの天然のホスファチド、または、たとえば、ステアリン酸ポリオキシエチレンなどのアルキレンオキシドと脂肪酸との縮合生成物、または、たとえば、ヘプタデカエチル−エネオキシセタノールなどのエチレンオキシドと長鎖脂肪族アルコールとの縮合生成物、またはポリオキシエチレンソルビトールモノオレアートなどのエチレンオキシドと脂肪酸およびヘキシトールから誘導される部分エステルとの縮合生成物、または、たとえば、ポリエチレンソルビタンモノオレアートなどのエチレンオキシドと脂肪酸およびヘキシトール無水物から誘導される部分エステルとの縮合生成物であってもよい。水性懸濁液は、1種または複数種の防腐剤、たとえば、p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸エチルまたはp−ヒドロキシ安息香酸n−プロピルを含んでもよい。
一態様では、組成物をヒトまたは試験動物に投与するため、組成物に1種または複数種の薬学的に許容されるキャリアを含ませる。「薬学的に」または「薬理学的に」許容されるという語句は、分子的実体および組成物が安定であり、凝集および切断生成物などのタンパク質分解を阻害するほか、下記のような当該技術分野において公知の経路により投与したときにアレルギー反応または他の有害反応を起こさないことをいう。「薬学的に許容されるキャリア」としては、臨床的に有用なあらゆる溶媒、分散媒、コーティング剤、抗菌薬および抗真菌薬、等張剤および吸収遅延剤ならびに上記に開示した作用物質を含む同種のものが挙げられる。
追加の態様として、本発明は、被検体への投与の際に使用しやすいようにパッケージ化された1つまたは複数の医薬製剤を含有するキットを含む。一実施形態では、そうしたキットは、密封ビンまたは入れ物などの容器内にパッケージ化された本明細書に記載の医薬製剤(たとえば、治療用タンパク質またはペプチドを含む組成物)を含み、この方法を実施する際の化合物または組成物の使用を説明したラベルが容器に貼付されているか、パッケージの中に入れられている。一実施形態では、医薬製剤は、容器内のヘッドスペースの量(たとえば、液体製剤と容器上端との間の空気量)が非常に少なくなるように容器内にパッケージ化されている。好ましくは、ヘッドスペースの量は無視できる程度である(すなわち、ほとんどない)。一実施形態では、キットは、治療用タンパク質またはペプチド組成物を含む第1の容器と組成物用の生理学的に許容される再構成溶液を含む第2の容器とを含む。一態様では、医薬製剤は単位剤形内にパッケージ化されている。キットはさらに、個々の投与経路に応じて医薬製剤の投与に好適な装置を含んでもよい。好ましくは、キットは、医薬製剤の使用を説明したラベルを含む。
本明細書に記載する状態の処置方法に関係する投与レジメンは、薬剤の作用を変える様々な要因、たとえば、患者の年齢、状態、体重、性別および食事、任意の感染症の重症度、投与期間および他の臨床的因子を考慮して主治医が決定する。たとえば、本発明の組換え型VWFの代表的な用量は約50U/kg、500μg/kg相当である。
振動実験
様々な製剤におけるrVWFの沈殿量を判定するため、種々の条件下で乱流振動後のrVWFの回収率を検査した。
組換え型VWFの安定性
様々な製剤に認められるrVWFの活性レベルを評価してrVWFの安定性を試験した。
図3に示すように、シトラート系製剤(15mMのクエン酸ナトリウム、10mMのCaCl2、100mMのNaCl、pH7.0)の安定性は、0.1Mのグルタチオンを含むAdvate1:3緩衝液製剤よりも優れている。
液体製剤の特徴付け
示差走査熱量測定(DSC)を用いて様々な緩衝液中のタンパク質(rVWF)のアンフォールディングの程度を評価した。表3に示すように、安定化にはAdvate緩衝液、pH7.0が最適である。
Claims (12)
- (a)rVWF;(b)緩衝剤;ならびに(c)10〜500mMの濃度の塩化ナトリウムおよび塩化カルシウムを含む塩
を含む組換え型von Willebrand因子(rVWF)の安定な液体医薬製剤であって、
該医薬製剤中の該rVWFは、4℃で少なくとも26週間安定であり、
a)配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列;
b)a)の生物学的に活性なアナログ、フラグメントまたは変異体;
c)配列番号1に記載したポリヌクレオチドによってコードされるポリペプチド;
d)c)の生物学的に活性なアナログ、フラグメントまたは変異体;および
e)中程度にストリンジェントなハイブリダイゼーション条件下で配列番号1に記載したポリヌクレオチドとハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドによってコードされるポリペプチド
からなる群より選択される、約250kDの分子量を有するポリペプチドを含み;
該緩衝剤は、クエン酸ナトリウムであり、
該緩衝剤は0.1mM〜500mMの範囲のpH緩衝剤からなり、かつそのpHは2.0〜12.0の範囲にあり、
該塩化カルシウムは10mM以上の濃度である、
製剤。 - 前記rVWFが配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記緩衝剤が、15mMの濃度である、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- pHが6.0〜8.0の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- pHが6.5〜7.3の範囲にある、請求項4に記載の製剤。
- 前記pHが7.0である、請求項3に記載の製剤。
- 前記塩化ナトリウムは1〜300mMの濃度範囲である、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記塩は10mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムおよび100mMの濃度のNaClである、請求項7に記載の製剤。
- 前記rVWFは配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列を含み;前記pHが7.0であり;前記塩は10mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムおよび100mMの濃度のNaClである、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記rVWFは配列番号3に示したアミノ酸配列を含み;前記緩衝剤は15mMの濃度であり、そのpHが7.0であり;前記塩は10mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムおよび100mMの濃度のNaClである、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記pHが7.0である、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記1種または複数種の塩は30mMの濃度の塩化ナトリウムおよび10mMの濃度の塩化カルシウムである、請求項1に記載の製剤。
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