JP5745217B2 - Architectural tile, structure using architectural tile, and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building tile to be attached to an outer wall, an inner wall, or a floor surface of a building (hereinafter referred to as a construction surface) and a construction method thereof.

  Tiles are constructed on concrete construction surfaces of buildings such as buildings and houses in order to protect the concrete and give a aesthetic appearance. A tile is comprised from baking products, such as a rectangular thin ceramic or clay, for example.

  Patent document 1 is disclosing the technique regarding attachment of the building tile. According to this, as shown in FIG. 1, the mounting bracket 80 is fixed to the wall W with the screw 100, and then the elastic adhesive B is applied to the support portions 82 a and 82 b of the mounting bracket 80 and the back surface of the tile 70, Next, the locking portions 83a and 83b of the mounting bracket 80 are inserted and locked into locking grooves 71 formed on the respective side surfaces of the tile, and the tile is constructed.

  Patent document 2 is disclosing the architectural tile as shown to Fig.2 (a). This architectural tile 5 has a rectangular upper surface 6, a back surface 7, and four side surfaces. The back surface 7 has an outer mountain portion 8 provided along two opposing sides, and an outer mountain portion 8. An inner mountain portion 9 provided between the two is provided. A groove 11 is provided on the side surface of the outer mountain portion 8. As shown in FIG. 2B, the building tile 1 is constructed by inserting the upper protrusion 13 of the mounting rail 4 having a substantially H-shaped cross section into the groove 11 of the tile 5. .

JP-A-6-33573 JP-A-2005-163352

  Conventional architectural tiles have the following problems. The construction method for architectural tiles in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 requires installation of mounting brackets and mounting rails on walls and roofs, which requires construction time and construction costs. One method for solving such a problem is to apply a tile adhesive to a construction surface such as concrete and directly attach the tile to the construction surface without using a mounting bracket or a mounting rail. In this method, as shown in FIG. 3A, a tile 20 having a substantially hexahedron having a rectangular shape is used. A plurality of convex portions 22 extending in the longitudinal direction are formed on the bottom surface of the tile. Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, a tile adhesive 26 is applied to the concrete construction surface 24, and the tile 20 is pasted on the tile adhesive 26. An uneven surface is formed on the bottom surface of the tile 20 by the convex portions 22, and the tile adhesive 26 is filled in the uneven surface, whereby the tile 20 is fixed on the concrete construction surface 24. The gaps between the tiles are filled with paste-like joint material, and the joint material prevents entry of water or moisture.

  Concrete undergoes self-thermal expansion as the concrete itself hardens, or self-shrinks due to the loss of moisture. Furthermore, such concrete undergoes thermal expansion and contraction when exposed to seasonal temperature changes or daytime temperature changes. Since building tiles differ from the thermal expansion coefficient and shrinkage rate of concrete, when thermal expansion and shrinkage occur in concrete, stress is generated in the building tile due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient and shrinkage rate. In particular, the quality of concrete may vary due to the influence of the environment at the site, for example, the temperature and humidity at the site, and the shrinkage rate of the concrete may become very large. If it becomes so, a big stress will generate | occur | produce also in a building tile, it becomes impossible to hold | maintain the building tile 20 with the tile adhesive agent 26, the building tile 20 peels, and falls from a concrete wall surface. The timing of building tile peeling and falling cannot be predicted, and if building tiles fall on the road, there is a risk of great danger. On the other hand, the joint material is filled between the tiles. However, even if the strength of the joint material is increased, if the side surface of the tile is flat, it is practically impossible to hold the tile by the joint material. .

  An object of this invention is to solve such a conventional subject, and to provide the construction tile which is hard to fall, and the construction method using the same.

  The architectural tile according to the present invention is attached to a concrete construction surface, and has a top surface, a bottom surface, and a side surface formed between the top surface and the bottom surface, and the side surface includes a thickness of the tile. A groove that can be filled with a joint material is formed along a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction, and the groove on one side is connected to the groove on the other side.

  Preferably, the inner wall surface of the groove has a spherical shape, and more preferably, the groove has a semicircular shape. More preferably, the groove is formed substantially at the center of the side surface, and the width from the upper surface of the side surface to the upper edge of the groove is equal to the width from the bottom surface of the side surface to the lower edge of the groove. More preferably, the depth of the groove is equal to about half the diameter of the groove. More preferably, the relationship is dn = 0.18d to 0.27d, where d is the thickness of the tile and dn is the width of the groove. More preferably, a plurality of spaced protrusions are formed on the bottom surface.

  A structure of a building tile according to the present invention is a structure in which a plurality of building tiles having the above characteristics are arranged on a concrete construction surface via an adhesive, and a joint material is provided in a gap between the plurality of building tiles. Filled. Preferably, the plurality of building tiles are arranged with an equal gap between each other. The structure includes, for example, a building having a concrete wall surface, a house, a floor, and the like.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a building tile having the above-described features, in which a concrete construction surface is prepared, an adhesive is applied to the concrete construction surface, and a bottom surface of the building tile is adhered by the adhesive. And arranging the tiles on the adhesive and filling the side walls of the adjacent building tiles with joint material.

  Preferably, the joint material is a paste in which a certain amount of water is added to cement, and is solidified after curing. Preferably, the construction method further includes a step of coating mortar on the concrete construction surface. Preferably, the construction method further includes a step of roughening the concrete construction surface, and the mortar is coated on the roughened construction surface.

  According to the present invention, since the groove that can be filled with the joint material is formed on the side surface of the tile, the side surface between the adjacent tiles can be firmly connected or joined by the joint material. As a result, a net-like tile fall prevention net can be constructed over the entire joint material, and even if the tile bottom or tile adhesive peels off from the concrete construction surface, the side of the tile is adjacent to the side of the tile. The tiles can be connected to each other through the joint material, so that the tiles can be prevented from falling easily.

  Furthermore, the construction surface to which the tile is attached is not necessarily a flat surface, and may be, for example, a construction surface having a step or a construction surface having R (curved surface). The conventional construction methods shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 use mounting brackets and mounting rails, and are therefore unsuitable for construction surfaces having steps or construction surfaces having R. On the other hand, the architectural tile of the present invention is attached to the construction surface using an adhesive without using a mounting bracket or an attachment rail, and the elastic adhesive is between the construction surface having a step or R and the bottom of the tile. It can also function as a cushioning material. For this reason, the building tile of the present invention can be easily constructed even on a construction surface having a step or R, and does not require a mounting bracket or a mounting rail, thus reducing construction time and construction cost. You can also.

It is a figure which shows the conventional architectural tile and its construction example. It is a figure which shows the conventional architectural tile and its construction example. It is a figure which shows the conventional architectural tile and its construction example. 4A is a perspective view of the building tile according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA, and FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB. It is. It is an enlarged view of the side surface of the building tile shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the construction example of the building tile which concerns on a present Example. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the construction example of the tile for construction. It is a figure which shows the construction pattern of a building tile. It is a figure which shows the example of the other building tile which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of allocation of the test object tile.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, it should be noted that the scale of the drawings is emphasized for easy understanding of the features of the invention and is not necessarily the same as the scale of the actual product.

  4 (a) is a perspective view of the building tile according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA, and FIG. 4 (c) is its BB. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a side surface of a building tile.

  The architectural tile 200 according to the present embodiment is a rectangular thin plate having a flat upper surface 202, a bottom surface 204 facing the upper surface 202, and four side surfaces 206 connecting the upper surface 202 and the bottom surface 204. . A plurality of (three in the drawing) protrusions 208 extending along the longitudinal direction are formed on the bottom surface 204, and recesses are formed between the protrusions 208. Preferably, the surface of the protrusion 208 is flat.

  A characteristic of the tile 200 of this embodiment is that a semicircular groove 210 is formed so as to surround each side face 206. A groove 210 is formed on each side surface 206 of the tile 200, and each groove 210 extends approximately in the center of the side surface 206 and along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the tile 200, and one groove 210 is , Connected to another adjacent groove 210 at the corner of the tile. Thus, a rectangular continuous groove 210 is formed on the side surface 206 of the tile 200. The tile 200 is preferably made of a ceramic member obtained by molding clay or the like and sintering or firing the clay. Therefore, a semicircular protrusion corresponding to the shape of the groove 210 is formed in advance on the mold for forming the tile, and the semicircular groove 210 can be easily formed on the side surface of the tile 200. Alternatively, the tile 200 having a flat side surface may be molded, and then a semicircular groove 210 may be formed on the side surface using a cutting member such as a grinder.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the thickness of the tile 200 (the thickness of the bottom surface 204 not including the protruding portion 208 from the upper surface 202) is d, and the width of the flat surface from the upper surface 202 to the upper edge of the groove 210 is d1, half. The diameter of the circular groove 210 is dn, the width of the flat surface from the bottom surface 204 to the lower edge of the groove 210 is d2, and the maximum depth of the semicircular groove 210 is D.

  When the tile 200 is attached to the concrete construction surface, a tile adhesive is applied to the construction surface, and the bottom surface 206 of the tile 200 is adhered onto the tile adhesive. Adhesive joint materials are filled in the gaps between adjacent tiles. The joint material has excellent waterproofness and moisture resistance, and also provides a aesthetic feeling when the tile is constructed. The joint material enters into the groove 210 on the side surface 206 of the tile 200 and firmly connects adjacent tiles. If the groove 210 is enlarged, the contact area of the joint material increases, and the connection strength between the tiles increases. On the other hand, when the concrete shrinks or expands, the edge portion of the tile (in the widths of d1 and d2). Since the bending stress is applied to the corresponding portion), if the groove 210 is too large, the edge portion of the tile cannot withstand the bending stress. Therefore, it is desirable that the diameter dn of the groove 210 be within a certain range with respect to the thickness d of the tile. The depth D is desirably about half of the diameter dn, that is, 1/2 dn.

  Furthermore, the inner wall surface of the groove 210 is preferably spherical, and the groove 210 of this embodiment is substantially semicircular. Since the thermal expansion coefficient and shrinkage ratio of the joint material, the tile adhesive, and the concrete are different from each other, when the tensile stress or the compressive stress is generated on the side surface 206 of the tile 200 due to them, the semicircular groove 210 is locally It is possible to prevent the stress from being concentrated and to distribute the stress almost evenly. As a result, it is possible to prevent damage to the edge portions and grooves of the tiles and to prevent a decrease in bonding strength between the tiles due to joint materials.

  Next, a tile construction method according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a tile construction procedure, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a construction state. First, as shown in FIG. 7A, concrete 220 for forming a building or a house is formed (step S101). Usually, the construction surface of the concrete 220 is not a little uneven.

  Next, a certain roughness is given to the construction surface of the concrete 220, and the construction surface is cleaned (step S102). By roughening the construction surface of the concrete 220, the contact area with the mortar to be painted in the next process is increased, and the mortar is prevented from peeling off.

  Next, base processing for attaching the tile is performed (step S103). As shown in FIG. 7B, this is a step of applying mortar 222 to the construction surface of concrete 220 that has been roughened. Application of mortar 222 provides a flat surface for mounting the tile.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 7C, a tile adhesive 230 is applied on the mortar 222 (step S104). The tile adhesive 230 is, for example, a cement adhesive and may have elasticity.

  Next, tiles are bonded one by one on the tile adhesive (step S105). An uneven surface is formed on the bottom surface of the tile by the protrusions 208, and the tile adhesive is filled in the uneven surface to adhere the tile to the mortar surface. As shown in FIG. 8 (a), the tile arrangement pattern can be alternately arranged such that the tiles are aligned with each other in the matrix direction, or the tiles are shifted by a half pitch as shown in FIG. 8 (b). .

Next, as shown in FIG. 7D, the paste-like joint material 240 is filled in the gaps on the side surfaces of the bonded tiles (S106). The joint material has a certain viscosity or elasticity, enters into the groove 210 on the side surface of the tile, solidifies after a certain time, and the side surfaces of the adjacent tiles 200 are joined to each other through the joint material. The joint material is typically made by adding a certain amount of water to cement or aggregate and kneading thoroughly, and requires curing after construction. As the joint material, for example, “NS Meji Cement” (trade name) provided by Nippon Kasei Co., Ltd. and “Tyrone for joint” (trade name) provided by Taiheiyo Material Co., Ltd. can be obtained and used.

(Test 1)
Next, an experimental result of verifying the bonding strength of the tile according to the present embodiment will be described. A tile having a length of 45 mm, a width of 95 mm, a thickness d = 5.5 mm, a groove diameter dn = 1.3 mm, d1 = d2 = 2.1 mm, and D = 0.65 mm is prepared, as shown in FIG. In addition, the tiles were arranged so as to be 3 rows × 3 columns, the center test target tile 200P was pulled by a tensile tester, and the tensile load when the tiles were peeled was measured.

1. Construction method (A) Tile with groove of this embodiment (1) A tile adhesive is applied to the concrete surface (surface treated with mortar). NS tile cement T-2 of Nippon Kasei Co., Ltd. was used for the tile adhesive.
(2) In order to prevent the test target tile 200P from being bonded to the concrete surface by the tile adhesive, a gum tape is applied on the tile adhesive.
(3) Eight tiles are bonded on the tile adhesive so that the X-direction interval Lx of each tile is 5 mm and the Y-direction interval Ly is 5 mm.
(4) The test target tile 200P is arranged on the gummed tape so that the interval between adjacent tiles is 5 mm.
(5) Fill all gaps between tiles with joint material. NS joint cement provided by Nippon Kasei Co., Ltd. was used as the joint material.
(B) Conventional tile (no groove)
Construction is performed in the same manner as above (1) to (5).

2. Tensile test After the joint material has solidified, the center test target tile 200P is pulled by a tensile tester, and the strength when the tile peels is measured. The measurement results are shown in the following table.

  As is clear from the above test results, it can be seen that the grooved tile of this example improves its joint strength by about 1.5 times compared to the conventional tile without groove.

  Concrete, tile, tile adhesive and joint material have different coefficients of thermal expansion and shrinkage. When the temperature changes repeatedly, stress is generated at the boundary or interface between these members. There are two main modes of tile peeling. The first is that the bottom surface of the tile is peeled off from the tile adhesive, and the second is that the tile adhesive is peeled off from the construction surface of the concrete.

  Since the joint material adheres the side surfaces of the tiles, it has an effect of preventing the tiles from falling when the tiles are peeled off. However, since the conventional tile has a flat side surface, the coefficient of friction between the tile and the joint material is low, and the tile easily peels off and easily falls. On the other hand, in this embodiment, by forming a groove on the side surface of the tile, the joint material bites into the groove on the side surface of the tile, increases the coefficient of friction of both, and prevents easy peeling or falling of the tile. . Also, by installing multiple tiles on the concrete construction surface and filling the joints between the tiles, the joint material volume increases and the strength increases, and the entire joint material has a mesh-like tile fall prevention net. Can enhance the function.

(Test 2)
Next, another test result will be described.
(1) Test material The building tile was the same as in Test 1, and this was subjected to a comparative test with a conventional tile without grooves. NS tile cement T-2 (manufactured by Nippon Kasei Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is commercially available, was used as the tile attaching material, and the amount of water added was 20.0%. NS high flex HF-1000 5 times solution was apply | coated to the water absorption adjusting material. NS medium cement ash M-2 (manufactured by Nippon Kasei) was used as the joint material, and the amount of water added was 20.0% as a normal joint.

(2) Creation of test target tiles Allocation of test target tiles is shown in FIG. The tiles are arranged in 8 rows × 6 columns. The tiles to be tested of Measurement 1 and Measurement 2 shown in the figure were restrained only with a joint material with a vinyl tape applied to the base. (In order to measure the restraint effect of purely joint material, the edges were cut with tiled mortar). The tiles to be tested in Measurement 3 were bonded with tile mortar, and the joint material around the tiles was cut at the time of measurement until reaching concrete with an electric cutter.

(3) Preparation of Specimen The base substrate used was a U-shaped groove lid (dimension 400 × 600) defined in JIS A 5571 “Precast unreinforced concrete product” polished with abrasive paper # 150 and cleaned. As a water absorption adjusting material, NS HiFlex HF-1000 5-fold diluted solution was brushed (coating amount: about 150 g / m ² ) and dried. The locations of measurement 1 and measurement 2 were preliminarily pasted with a tape so as not to generate adhesive force due to mortar, and the locations of measurement 1 and measurement 2 were not attached with tiles. The joint material was filled the next day, and at that time, tiles were placed at the locations of measurement 1 and measurement 2 to fill the joint material. Curing was carried out for 7 days at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 60% (RH) after filling the joints. Similar creation was done for tiles without grooves.

(4) Tile adhesion test For measurement 1 and measurement 2, the steel jig was attached with an epoxy resin adhesive without cutting the periphery of the tile, and the maximum tensile force was measured with a Kenken type tensile tester (OX jack LP-1000). The load P was measured. The point of measurement 3 adhered with the tile mortar was cut with a power cutter until the base material was reached, and the joint material was removed, and the same test as described above was performed.

The bond strength was determined by the following formula.
F = P / A
Here, F: adhesive strength (N / mm ² ), P: maximum tensile load (KN), A: tile area (mm ² ). The area of one sheet is 4,275 (mm ² ) = 95 × 45 mm.

(5) Results From this test, the following restraining effect was confirmed by the grooves on the side of the tile.
a) Tile with Grooves The adhesion strength of the tiles of Measurement 1 and Measurement 2 was 0.8 to 0.9 N / mm ² on average. This value was about half that of a tile (about 1.87 N / mm ² ) bonded with only the mortar of measurement 3. In addition, a binding force corresponding to an adhesive strength of about twice the industry standard value of 0.4 N / mm ² for tile adhesive strength was obtained.
b) Tiles without grooves Normal tiles without grooves on the sides of Measurement 1 and Measurement 2 are 0.5 to 0.6 N / mm ² , and their adhesive strength is considerably smaller than tiles with grooves. From this, it was confirmed that there is a large difference in strength between tiles depending on the presence or absence of grooves.
c) Maximum tensile load The maximum tensile load of tiles without grooves was 2.4 KN (240 kgf). On the other hand, tiles with grooves on the side of the tile are bound together by the joint material, and the surrounding tiles are peeled off and fractured. The maximum tensile load at that time is 3.9 KN (390 kgf). It was found that the binding force greatly exceeded the weight of the mortar.

  From the above experimental results, the present inventor, if the tile has a thickness of d = 5.5 mm, the groove diameter dn = 1 to 1.5 mm (d1 = d2 = 2 to 2.25 mm). In comparison with the conventional tile without grooves, it was estimated that the joint strength between the tiles can be improved to an effective size, and the tile itself can be prevented from being damaged due to bending stress. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described numerical values of tile thickness and groove size may include certain errors in the firing process of the tile. Further, the thickness of the tile can be appropriately changed depending on the material and use of the tile, but the ratios shown in the following table are satisfied from the above effect obtained when the thickness d = 5.5 mm of the tile of this example. Then, it can be inferred that the same effect can be obtained.

  Next, a modified example of the building tile of this embodiment will be described. FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are cross-sectional views showing modified examples of the building tile of the present embodiment, and correspond to the cross section taken along line AA of FIG. 4B. A U-shaped or rectangular groove 210A is formed on the side surface 206 of the architectural tile 200A shown in FIG. A V-shaped groove 210B is formed on the side surface of the architectural tile 200B shown in FIG. An elliptical groove 210C is formed on the side surface of the architectural tile 200C shown in FIG.

  These architectural tiles 200A, 200B, and 200C, like the tile 200 having the semicircular groove 210, improve the bonding strength between the tiles and prevent the tile from peeling off, as compared with the tile without the conventional groove. Can be prevented. These grooves 210A, 210B, and 210C are also preferably in a relationship of dn = 0.18d to 0.27d with respect to the thickness d of the tile as described above.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention described in the claims. Deformation / change is possible.

  In the above-described embodiment, the tile shape is a rectangular shape, but other tiles (triangle, pentagon, hexagon, etc.) may be used. Moreover, although the example which forms a some protrusion part in the bottom face of a tile was shown, even if it is a tile in which the shape, magnitude | size, and number of protrusion parts are arbitrary, and also a protrusion part is not formed, this invention. It is possible to apply. Furthermore, the upper surface 202 of the tile does not necessarily need to be flat and may have irregularities. Furthermore, in the said Example, although the example which constructs a tile on the wall surface of concrete was shown, the tile may be constructed on a floor surface besides the inner wall and the outer wall of concrete. When tiles are constructed on the floor surface, the joint material can prevent the tiles from floating from the floor surface even if the tile bottom surface is peeled off from the floor surface.

200, 200A, 200B, 200C: tile 202: upper surface 204: bottom surface 206: side surface 208: protrusions 210, 210A, 210B, 210C: groove 220: concrete 222: mortar 230: cement pressure bonding agent

Claims (2)

A construction method of a building tile structure in which a plurality of building tiles are attached to a concrete construction surface,
The architectural tile has a top surface, a bottom surface, and a side surface formed between the top surface and the bottom surface, and the side surface is filled with joint material along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the tile. A groove having a semicircular shape is formed, and a groove on one side is connected to a groove on another side surface, and the depth of the groove is equal to about half of the diameter of the groove; The groove is formed substantially at the center of the side surface, and the width from the upper surface of the side surface to the upper edge of the groove is equal to the width from the bottom surface of the side surface to the lower edge of the groove. And the flat surface from the bottom surface to the lower edge of the groove are on the same plane, and the bottom surface is formed with a plurality of spaced protrusions parallel to the side surface, The surface is flat, a recess is formed between each protrusion, and the protrusion is located away from the side surface. It is formed, when the thickness of the tile which does not include the protruding portion is d, the width of the groove and dn, lies in the relationship of dn = 0.18d~0.27d, formed on a concrete construction surface adhesion A plurality of building tiles are arranged to be spaced apart from each other so that the bottom surfaces thereof are bonded to the agent, and the joint material includes an upper edge of the groove, a lower edge of the groove, Filled between the side surfaces of the plurality of building tiles so as to contact the adhesive exposed in the semicircular groove and between the side surfaces, thereby adhering adjacent building tiles ,
The construction method is
Prepare a concrete construction surface,
Apply adhesive to the concrete construction surface,
After arranging the building tile on the adhesive so that the bottom of the building tile is bonded by the adhesive,
Filling the side of adjacent building tiles with joint material;
A jointing material is filled between side surfaces of the plurality of building tiles, and the jointing material is filled in the semicircular groove and bonds adjacent building tiles. 2. The joint material according to claim 1, wherein the joint material is a paste in which a certain amount of water is added to cement, and is solidified after curing, and the construction method further includes a step of coating mortar on a concrete construction surface. Construction method.

Images