JP5693854B2 - 固体高分子型燃料電池の燃料改質装置 - Google Patents
固体高分子型燃料電池の燃料改質装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
また、図1に示す実施形態において、一酸化炭素変成触媒層に中間に設置された冷却器18の内部に、例えば蒸発器13を出たあとの気液混合物を流通することもできる。このような構成にすることによって改質ガスを冷却すると共に、熱回収も行うことができるので燃料電池システムのシステム効率を高めることができる。
これは、改質器の円弧面を有する円筒体9aの外周面に近接して同心円状に配設され、前記改質器からの一酸化炭素を取り込み冷却する円筒状の一酸化炭素変成器入口冷却器16と、
冷却器16の外周面の略中央位置に配設され、円筒状の一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層中間冷却器18と、冷却器16の外周面の略中央位置を除く上下位置に夫々配設された円筒状の第1段及び第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層17,19とを具備している。
CH4+H2O→3H2+CO
改質反応は吸熱反応であり、反応の進行と反応温度の維持のためには熱の供給が必要であり、そのために改質触媒層の内側には燃焼空間容器9が配置される。
この反応は温度が高いほど反応速度が速く、少ない触媒量で反応を起こすことができるが、発熱の平衡反応であるので、CO濃度には下限があり、温度が高いほど下限CO濃度は高い。一酸化炭素変成反応が起こるとH2が発生するので、効率上昇のためにはCO濃度が低いことが望ましいが、高温の第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層17だけではCO濃度を十分低下させることはできない。
但し、触媒層が高温になるほど副反応として
H2+1/2O2→H2O
の反応が起こり、燃料電池で使用するべきH2が消費され、効率上不利になる。従って、酸素または空気と混合された改質ガスは、一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒に適温に冷却された状態で導入される必要がある。
図8に比べ、円筒状の第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層17とその外側にアニュラス状に構成された一酸化炭素変成触媒層中間冷却器18及び第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層19の間に間隙からなる断熱層49が形成されている。
その後直方体状に構成された第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層19にてCOが数千ppm程度まで低減された後、直方体状に構成された一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層入口冷却器20に送られ、冷却される。酸素若しくは空気と混合された改質ガスを、直方体状に構成され、第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層17を挟んで第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層19の反対側に設置された一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層23Bに導入し、COを酸化させてCO濃度を数〜数十ppmレベルにまで低減する。改質ガスに混入する酸素若しくは空気は、一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層入口冷却器20の入口側もしくは出口側いずれで混入しても良いが、入口側で混入することがより望ましい。
さらに、第1の実施形態と同様に本実施形態においても、一酸化炭素変成触媒層に中間に設置された冷却器18Aの内部に、例えば蒸発器13を出た後の気液混合物を流通することもできる。このような構成にすることによって改質ガスを冷却すると共に、熱回収も行うことができるので燃料電池システムのシステム効率を高めることができる。
また、第1、第14の実施形態と同様に本実施形態においても、一酸化炭素変成触媒層に中間に設置された冷却器18Aの内部に、例えば蒸発器13を出た後の気液混合物を流通することもできる。このような構成にすることによって改質ガスを冷却すると共に、熱回収も行うことができるので燃料電池システムのシステム効率を高めることができる。
1…燃焼用燃料、2…空気、3…燃焼排ガス、4…水、5…再生流路、6…改質用水蒸気
、7…水、8…改質用燃料、9…燃焼空間容器、9a…円筒体、9b…蓋部材、9c…底面部材、9d…四角筒体、9e…蓋部材、9f…底面部材、9f…側面部材、9f…底部材、10…燃焼器、11…センタープラグ、12…隔壁、13…蒸発器、14…改質触媒層、14A…改質触媒層、15…再生流路、15A…再生流路、16…一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器、16A…一酸化炭素変成器入口冷却器、17…一酸化炭素変成触媒層、19…一酸化炭素変成触媒層、17A…第2の一酸化炭素変成触媒層、18…一酸化炭素変成触媒層中間冷却器、19A…一酸化炭素変成触媒層、20…一酸化炭素選択酸化反応器入口冷却器、20A…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層入口冷却器、21…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層、23…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層、21A…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層、23A…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層、22…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層中間冷却器、22A…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層中間冷却器、23…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層中間冷却器、23B…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層、23A…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層、24…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層出口冷却器、24A…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層出口冷却器、25…間隙(断熱層)、26…気液分離器、27…一酸化炭素変成触媒層、28…一酸化炭素変成触媒層埋込冷却器、29…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層、30…一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層埋込冷却器、31…配管、32…流路形成部材、32A…流路形成部材、33…隔壁、34…隔壁、33A…隔壁、34…隔壁、35…隔壁、36…隔壁、36A…隔壁、37…隔壁、37A…隔壁、38…隔壁、38A…隔壁、39、40…隔壁、39A、40A…隔壁、41…ガス導入口、42…底部材、42A…底部材、43…金属板、44…断熱材
、45…断熱材、46…断熱材、47…断熱層、49…断熱層、50…断熱層、61…空気ヘッダ外壁、62…空気導入ヘッダ、63…空気ヘッダ内壁、64…細孔、65…円環状流路、68…空気導入管、91…射伝熱部、92…対流伝熱部 621、622…空気ヘッダ、621A、622A…空気ヘッダ。
Claims (2)
- 改質用燃料と水蒸気を混合した混合燃料を、通過させることにより改質反応によって得られる一酸化炭素を含む改質ガスを外部に取出し可能な同心円筒状の改質触媒層と、該改質触媒層を包囲するように形成された流路形成部材と有する改質器と、
前記改質器の流路形成部材の外周側に配設され、該流路形成部材内の改質ガスを導く円筒状の隔壁と、該隔壁内部に配設され、管内に改質触媒層導入前の混合燃料を通過させることで管外の改質ガスを冷却する伝熱管とを有する一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器と、
を具備し、これらの全構成を一体化し、
前記一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器に別機器として近接して配設され、外形形状が円柱に形成され、該一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器で冷却された改質ガスを流通させる第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層と、
前記第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層の外周面に同心円筒状に配設されることで前記第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層に隣接して配設された、一酸化炭素変成触媒層中間冷却器及び第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層と、
をさらに具備し、前記改質器からの改質ガスを前記一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器、前記第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層、前記一酸化炭素変成触媒層中間冷却器及び前記第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層の順序で流通させるようにし、
前記第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層の外周面と前記一酸化炭素変成触媒層中間冷却器及び前記第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層容器の内周面との間に、断熱層を形成したことを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池の燃料改質装置。 - 改質用燃料と水蒸気を混合した混合燃料を、通過させることにより改質反応によって得られる一酸化炭素を含む改質ガスを外部に取出し可能な同心円筒状の改質触媒層と、該改質触媒層を包囲するように形成された流路形成部材と有する改質器と、
前記改質器の流路形成部材の外周側に配設され、該流路形成部材内の改質ガスを導く円筒状の隔壁と、該隔壁内部に配設され、管内に改質触媒層導入前の混合燃料を通過させることで管外の改質ガスを冷却する伝熱管とを有する一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器と、
を具備し、これらの全構成を一体化し、
前記一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器に別機器として近接して配設され、外形形状が円柱に形成され、該一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器で冷却された改質ガスを流通させる第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層と、
前記第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層の外周面に同心円筒状に配設されることで前記第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層に隣接して配設された、一酸化炭素変成触媒層中間冷却器及び第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層並びに一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層入口冷却器と、
前記一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層入口冷却器に流通された改質ガスを流通させる一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層と、
をさらに具備し、前記改質器からの改質ガスを前記一酸化炭素変成触媒層入口冷却器、前記第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層、前記一酸化炭素変成触媒層中間冷却器、前記第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層及び前記一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層入口冷却器の順序で流通させるようにし、
前記第1段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層の外周面と前記一酸化炭素変成触媒層中間冷却器及び前記第2段の一酸化炭素変成触媒層容器並びに前記一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒層入口冷却器の内周面との間に、断熱層を形成したことを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池の燃料改質装置。
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US20030161768A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
JPWO2002025762A1 (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
JP4909488B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
DE10196651T1 (de) | 2003-09-04 |
JP2010132551A (ja) | 2010-06-17 |
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