JP5690742B2 - ディーゼル燃料を製造するためのサワー運転水素処理 - Google Patents
ディーゼル燃料を製造するためのサワー運転水素処理 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5690742B2 JP5690742B2 JP2011543505A JP2011543505A JP5690742B2 JP 5690742 B2 JP5690742 B2 JP 5690742B2 JP 2011543505 A JP2011543505 A JP 2011543505A JP 2011543505 A JP2011543505 A JP 2011543505A JP 5690742 B2 JP5690742 B2 JP 5690742B2
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- catalyst
- surface area
- dewaxing
- ratio
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- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 193
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 29
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
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- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PYIHTIJNCRKDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-L trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PYIHTIJNCRKDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- -1 Ludox®) Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XYUINKARGUCCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-imino-n-propylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNCCC=N XYUINKARGUCCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl amine Natural products NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000895 deafness Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016354 hearing loss disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001035 methylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- GYLUMIIRFKDCKI-UHFFFAOYSA-L trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GYLUMIIRFKDCKI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/061—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing metallic elements added to the zeolite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/068—Noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
- B01J29/7461—MRE-type, e.g. ZSM-48
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/76—Iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
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Description
種々の実施形態において、ディーゼル燃料を製造するためのプロセスが提供される。これには、原料の接触脱ロウが含まれる。脱ロウには、従来の脱ロウ触媒に比較して、硫黄および窒素などの汚染物に対してより耐性のある触媒の使用が含まれる。脱ロウ触媒は、汚染物に対してより耐性があることから、汚染物による触媒被毒の危険性が、非常に低減される。更に、汚染物に対する触媒の耐性は、触媒が、反応システム内の好都合な場所で用いられることを可能にする。例えば、従来の脱ロウ触媒は、水素化列の終端部に位置されなければならない。そのために、硫黄および窒素は、脱ロウ触媒を原料へ曝露する前に、適切なレベルへ除去される。汚染物耐性脱ロウ触媒を用いると、脱ロウ触媒は、全ての汚染物を原料ストリームから除去する前に、用いることができる。これには、脱ロウ触媒を、脱ロウ触媒への曝露前にガスを流出物から分離することなく、水素化段と同じ反応器内で用いる工程が含まれるであろう。他の選択肢は、水素化の前に、ディーゼル原料を接触脱ロウすることであろう。
米国のディーゼル燃料について、種々の地域に基づく要件および規格は、ASTM D975に提供される。他の類似の規定が、ヨーロッパ、カナダ、および他の国々に対して存在する。これらの規格には、典型的には、硫黄は、ディーゼル生成物中で、15wppm以下へ低減されるという要件が含まれる。加えて、くもり点規格は、幅広く異なるが、冬季月の規格は、日常的に、0℃を十分に下回るくもり点を必要とする。
水素化の主な目的は、典型的には、原料の硫黄、窒素、および芳香族含有量を低減することであり、本質的には、原料の沸点変換とは関係がない。触媒は、通常、第VIA族および/または第VIII族金属の少なくとも一種を、担体(アルミナまたはシリカなど)上に担持して含む。例には、Ni/Mo、Co/Mo、およびNi/W触媒が含まれる。水素化条件には、典型的には、温度315〜425℃、圧力300〜3000psig(2.1〜20.7MPag)、液空間速度(LHSV)0.2〜10h−1、および水素処理速度500〜10000scf/バレル(85〜1690Nm3/m3)が含まれる。
一実施形態においては、水素化段からの生成物は、直接、接触脱ロウ反応域にカスケードされる。従来のプロセスとは異なって、分離は、水素化段および接触脱ロウ段の間には必要でない。分離工程の省略は、種々の結果を有する。分離自体に関しては、更なる装置が不要である。いくつかの実施形態においては、接触脱ロウ段および水素化段は、同じ反応器内に配置されてもよい。別に、水素化および接触脱ロウプロセスは、別個の反応器内で行なわれてもよい。分離工程の省略はまた、原料を再加圧するいかなる必要性も回避する。代わって、水素化段からの流出物は、該流出物が脱ロウ段へ送られる処理圧力で保持されることができる。
次の実施例は、本発明の脱ロウ触媒および比較触媒の存在の下になわれたパイロットプラント運転を表す。次の実施例に用いられた初期原料は、硫黄10wppm未満および窒素5wppm未満を有するディーゼル範囲で沸騰する原料であった。いくつかの実施例においては、更なる汚染物が、原料へ添加されて、触媒の活性に対する窒素および硫黄の影響が決定された。脱ロウ反応器における空間速度を約3〜約6の間で変更することは、より高い温度が6LHSVで必要とされて、3LHSVにおけるのと同じくもり点変化が達成されたものの、定性的には、結果を変えなかったことを注目されたい。例えば、次の処理の実施例1においては、温度が、6LHSVでは630゜F(332℃)へ増大されて、3LHSVに対して610゜F(321℃)で観察されたのと同じくもり点変化が達成された。
比較触媒について、くもり点変化(減少)55℃を、推定内部温度610゜F(321℃)で得た。本発明の触媒については、くもり点変化50℃を、590゜F(310℃)で得た。従って、本発明の触媒は、類似のくもり点変化を、比較触媒より約20゜F(約11℃)低い温度でもたらすことが可能であった。
比較触媒は、推定内部温度610゜F(321℃)で、NH350および250ppmvに対して、それぞれ、43℃および12℃のくもり点変化を有する全液体生成物を製造した。本発明の触媒は、NH350ppmvに対しては、590゜F(310℃)でくもり点変化18℃を、およびNH3250ppmvに対しては、600゜F(316℃)でくもり点変化9℃を有する全液体生成物を製造した。これらの結果に基づいて、比較触媒および本発明の触媒の性能は、汚染物としてのNH3の存在下に同等と思われる。しかし、本発明の触媒は、NH3への曝露の後に、より早い回復時間を有した。汚染物が除去された場合には、本発明の触媒は、そのクリーン運転の活性へ殆ど同時に戻り、一方比較触媒は、クリーン運転中に示される活性へ戻るのに、610゜F(321℃)で6日間を要した。
比較触媒は、H2Sを添加した際に、活性の実質的な損失を経験した。H2S=5000ppmvの場合には、わずか5℃のくもり点変化が、630゜F(332℃)で得られた。触媒は、くもり点変化34℃を得るのに、温度の更なる増加50゜F(28℃)を必要とした。本発明の触媒については、くもり点変化19℃を、620゜F(327℃)で得た。これは、H2Sに対する許容性の実質的な増大を強調する。
有機窒素(アニリン)50ppmを、原料へ添加し、原料を、推定内部温度630゜F(332℃)で処理し、比較触媒に対して、くもり点変化17℃がもたらされた。本発明の触媒に対しては、くもり点変化32℃を、温度630゜F(332℃)で得た。本発明の触媒は、比較触媒を超えて適度の活性の利点を示した。しかし、本発明の触媒に対する回復時間は、ずっとより短かった。クリーン原料へ曝露した際には、本発明の触媒は、クリーン運転の活性レベルへ約1日で戻った。一方、比較触媒は、クリーン原料を630゜F(332℃)で処理して10日後まで、クリーン運転の活性レベルに戻らなかった。
有機窒素56ppmでスパイクされ、かつH2S/H2=5000ppmvを用いて処理された原料は、本発明の触媒を用いて、くもり点変化34℃を有する生成物を、推定内部温度670゜F(354℃)でもたらした。比較触媒は、H2S=5000ppmvのみを用いて、680゜F(360℃、かつ窒素なし)で運転された場合に、単に、くもり点変化34℃を有する全液体生成物もたらすことができたことから、本データは、更に、汚染物に対する本発明の触媒の許容性を示す。
請求発明で用いるのに適切なモレキュラーシーブの一実施例は、SiO2:Al2O3比110未満、好ましくは約70〜約110を有するZSM−48である。次の実施形態においては、ZSM−48結晶は、「合成されたまま」の結晶(依然として、有機テンプレートを含む)、焼成された結晶(Na型ZSM−48結晶など)、または焼成およびイオン交換された結晶(H型ZSM−48結晶など)として、種々に記載されるであろう。
(n)SiO2:Al2O3
式中、nは、70〜110、好ましくは80〜100、より好ましくは85〜95である。他の実施形態においては、nは、少なくとも70、または少なくとも80、または少なくとも85である。更に他の実施形態においては、nは、110以下、または100以下、または95以下である。更に他の実施形態においては、Siは、Geによって置換されてもよく、およびAlは、Ga、B、Fe、Ti、V、およびZrによって置換されてもよい。
SiO2:Al2O3 =70〜110
H2O:SiO2 =1〜500
OH−:SiO2 =0.1〜0.3
OH−:SiO2(好ましい範囲) =0.14〜0.18
テンプレート:SiO2 =0.01〜0.05
テンプレート:SiO2(好ましい範囲) =0.015〜0.025
ZSM−48(90/1)65%およびチタニア35%を、1/16インチ(0.16cm)の四葉体へ押出し成形した。押出し成形物を、N2中1000゜F(538℃)で予備焼成し、1N硝酸アンモニウムを用いてアンモニウム交換し、次いで250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、引続いて空気中1000゜F(538℃)で焼成した。押出し成形物を、次いで白金硝酸テトラアンミンを用いる初期湿潤含浸によって、0.6wt%Ptで充填し、250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、空気中680゜F(360℃)で3時間焼成した。表1は、N2多孔度分析法による押出し成形物の表面積を示す。
ZSM−48(90/1)65%およびAl2O335%を、1/16インチ(0.16cm)の四葉体へ押出し成形した。押出し成形物を、N2中1000゜F(538℃)で予備焼成し、1N硝酸アンモニウムを用いてアンモニウム交換し、次いで250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、引続いて空気中1000゜F(538℃)で焼成した。押出し成形物を、次いでスチーミング(890゜F(477℃)で3時間)した。押出し成形物を、次いで白金硝酸テトラアンミンを用いる初期湿潤含浸によって、0.6wt%Ptで充填し、250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、空気中680゜F(360℃)で3時間焼成した。表1は、N2多孔度分析法による押出し成形物の表面積を示す。
ZSM−48(90/1)80%およびSiO220%を、1/16インチ(0.16cm)の四葉体へ押出し成形した。押出し成形物を、N2中1000゜F(538℃)で予備焼成し、1N硝酸アンモニウムを用いてアンモニウム交換し、次いで250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、引続いて空気中1000゜F(538℃)で焼成した。押出し成形物を、次いで白金硝酸テトラアンミンを用いる初期湿潤含浸によって、0.6wt%Ptで充填し、250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、空気中680゜F(360℃)で3時間焼成した。表1は、N2多孔度分析法による押出し成形物の表面積を示す。
プソイドベーマイトアルミナを、1000℃で焼成して、それが、より低表面積のθ相へ転化された。これは、上記例2における結合剤として用いられたγ相アルミナに比較された。ZSM−48(90/1)65%および焼成されたアルミナ35%を、0.25%PVAを用いて、1/16インチ(0.16cm)の四葉体へ押出し成形した。押出し成形物を、N2中950゜F(510℃)で予備焼成し、1N硝酸アンモニウムを用いてアンモニウム交換し、次いで250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、引続いて空気中1000゜F(538℃)で焼成した。押出し成形物を、次いで白金硝酸テトラアンミンを用いる初期湿潤含浸によって、0.6wt%Ptで充填し、250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、空気中680゜F(360℃)で3時間焼成した。表1は、N2多孔度分析法による押出し成形物の表面積を示す。
ZSM−48(90/1)65%およびジルコニア35%を、1/16インチ(0.16cm)の四葉体へ押出し成形した。押出し成形物を、N2中1000゜F(538℃)で予備焼成し、1N硝酸アンモニウムを用いてアンモニウム交換し、次いで250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、引続いて空気中1000゜F(538℃)で焼成した。押出し成形物を、次いで白金硝酸テトラアンミンを用いる初期湿潤含浸によって、0.6wt%Ptで充填し、250゜F(121℃)で乾燥し、空気中680゜F(360℃)で3時間焼成した。表1は、N2多孔度分析法による押出し成形物の表面積を示す。
更なる触媒評価を、高シリカ/アルミナ比のゼオライトを有する比較触媒に関して行なった。0.6wt%Pt担持65/35ZSM−48(180/1)/TiO2の触媒を、次の手順に従って調製した。対応する試料をまた、TiO2の代わりに、Al2O3を用いて調製した。これは、0.6wt%Pt担持65/35ZSM−48(180/1)/Al2O3の触媒をもたらした。
この実施例は、(0.6wt%Pt担持65/35ZSM−48(90/1)/TiO2:対応するアルミナ−結合(より高い外表面積の)触媒)の触媒性能を、130Nラフィネートを用いて示す。
この実施例は、低表面積の結合剤の利点が、混合結合剤系に対して実現されることができ、その際大部分の結合材は、低表面積の結合剤であることを示す。
Claims (16)
- ディーゼル燃料を製造する方法であって、
硫黄少なくとも500vppmを含むディーゼル沸点範囲原料材を、効果的な水素化条件下に水素化する工程、および
水素化した前記原料材の少なくとも一部を、脱ロウ触媒の存在の下、効果的な接触脱ロウ条件下に水素化脱ロウする工程
を含み、
前記脱ロウ触媒は、100以下のSiO2:Al2O3比を有するモレキュラーシーブ、金属酸化物結合剤および金属水素化成分を含み、
前記モレキュラーシーブは、ZSM−48、ZSM−23またはそれらの組み合わせから選ばれ、
前記金属酸化物結合剤は、80m2/g以下の表面積を有し、かつチタニア、シリカまたはジルコニアから選ばれ、
前記脱ロウ触媒は、ゼオライト表面積対外表面積の比率が少なくとも80:100であり、
前記効果的な水素化条件は、温度315〜425℃、圧力300〜3000psig(2.1〜20.7MPag)、液空間速度(LHSV)0.2〜10h−1および水素処理ガス比500〜10000scf/バレル(85〜1690Nm3/m3)を含み、
前記効果的な接触脱ロウ条件は、温度280〜380℃、圧力300〜3000psig(2.1〜20.7MPag)、LHSV0.1〜5.0h−1および処理ガス比500〜5000scf/バレル(85〜850Nm3/m3)を含む、
ことを特徴とするディーゼル燃料の製造方法。 - 脱ロウし、水素化した前記原料材を、効果的な水素化条件下に水素化する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水素化した前記原料材を、液体流出物およびガス相部分に分離する工程を更に含み、
水素化した前記原料材の少なくとも一部を脱ロウする工程は、前記液体流出物を脱ロウする工程を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 水素化した前記原料材を、液体流出物およびガス相部分に分離する工程は、前記液体流出物をストリッピングする工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
- 水素化した前記原料材は、前記脱ロウ工程へ、中間分離なしにカスケードされることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブは、一次元10員環細孔を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブは、ZSM−48であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SiO2:Al2O3の比は、80以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SiO2:Al2O3の比は、75以下であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記SiO2:Al2O3の比は、60以下であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 粉末形態の前記金属酸化物結合剤は、60m2/g以下の表面積を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記脱ロウ触媒は、ゼオライト表面積対外表面積の比率が少なくとも90:100であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記脱ロウ触媒は、ゼオライト表面積対外表面積の比率が少なくとも1:1であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記脱ロウ触媒は、ゼオライト表面積対外表面積の比率が少なくとも105:100であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記結合剤は、第一の金属酸化物と異なる第二の金属酸化物を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第二の金属酸化物は、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニアまたはシリカ−アルミナであることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
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RU2560157C1 (ru) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-08-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Нефтяная компания "Роснефть" | Катализатор изодепарафинизации дизельных фракций и способ его получения |
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SG11201810695RA (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2019-01-30 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | Production of low cloud point distillate fuels |
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RU2739566C1 (ru) * | 2020-01-24 | 2020-12-25 | Публичное акционерное общество "Нефтяная компания "Роснефть" (ПАО "НК "Роснефть") | Способ получения катализатора изодепарафинизации дизельных фракций для использования в каталитической системе, состоящей из катализаторов гидроочистки и изодепарафинизации и катализатор, полученный этим способом |
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WO2010077345A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
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CA2746378C (en) | 2015-11-10 |
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AU2009333889A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
RU2509142C2 (ru) | 2014-03-10 |
CA2746378A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
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