JP5572291B2 - 歯髄及び/又は象牙質形成促進のための薬剤及びその利用 - Google Patents
歯髄及び/又は象牙質形成促進のための薬剤及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の薬剤は、MMP3活性を有するタンパク質(以下、MMP3活性タンパク質という。)を有効成分として含有している。MMP3は、MMPファミリーに属するタンパク質の一種であり、ストロムライシン1とも呼称されている。MMP3は、各種の生物種から取得されており、例えば、ヒトのMMP3のアミノ酸配列及び塩基配列は、GenBankにてアクセッション番号NP_002413.1で取得することができる。
本発明の歯科材料は、MMP3活性タンパク質のほか、生体親和性を有しMMP3活性タンパク質を保持する担体、を含むことができる。本発明の歯科材料は、歯髄が欠損等した部位及びその近傍に適用されることで歯髄及び/又は象牙質の形成を促進し、歯髄を効果的に保存及び/又は再生できる。
本発明の歯科材料において、担体は、MMP3活性タンパク質の患部への適用を容易にし、歯髄及び/又は象牙質を形成又は再生させるのに十分な期間、MMP3活性タンパク質を患部に保持するとともに、各種細胞を集積させ組織を再生する足場又は充填材料として機能させることができる。このような担体は、予めやMMP3活性タンパク質と複合化されていてもよいし、MMP3活性タンパク質とは別にキット化されていてもよい。
本発明の歯科材料は、担体とともに又は担体に替えて歯髄細胞、歯髄細胞に分化可能な細胞、象牙芽細胞及び象牙芽細胞に分化可能な細胞から選択される1種又は2種以上の細胞を含むことができる。このような細胞を含むことで、欠損部位に配置したとき、歯髄及び/又は象牙質の形成・再生を一層促進できる。特に、歯髄細胞及び歯髄細胞に分化可能な細胞は、歯髄及び象牙質の形成及び再生を促進し、象牙芽細胞及び象牙芽細胞に分化可能な細胞は、象牙質の形成及び再生を促進する。本発明の歯科材料は、担体をスキャホールドとしてこれらの細胞が増殖可能に付着又は担持されていることが好ましい。
本発明のスクリーニング方法は、歯髄細胞に被験化合物を供給して歯髄細胞からのMMP3遺伝子の発現量を測定する工程と、前記被験化合物を供給しないときのMMP3遺伝子の発現量に比較してMMP3遺伝子発現量が増加する被験化合物を、歯髄の損傷又は部分喪失時の歯髄及び/又は象牙質形成促進のための薬剤の有効成分として選択することを特徴とすることができる。本発明のスクリーニング方法によれば、歯髄細胞においてMMP3遺伝子の発現を促進する被験化合物を選択することができる。このような被験化合物は、MMP3活性タンパク質とともに又はMMP3活性タンパク質に替えて上記薬剤の有効成分として用いることができる。
1.ラット生活歯髄切断モデルの作製
ラットの上顎左右切歯の歯冠側2mmをダイヤモンドポイントを用いて切断し、#1/2ラウンドバーにて尖通させ生活歯髄切断した。その後生理食塩水にて切断面を洗浄し、ボンディング剤(Clearfil Mega Bond、クラレメディカル、倉敷)を塗布後、光重合型コンポジットレジン(Unifil low flow、GC、東京)にて仮封をした。処置直後、24時間、72時間、7日後に4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定液(ナカライテスク,京都)を用いて灌流固定をし、上顎切歯を摘出した。さらに4℃で一晩浸漬固定し、10%ギ酸中4℃で1週間脱灰した。縦断面のパラフィン切片7μmを作製し、H.E.染色を行って歯髄創傷治癒過程を光学顕微鏡にて観察した。結果を図1に示す。
歯髄処置直後、12時間、24時間、48時間、72時間後に屠殺し、上顎切歯より歯髄を摘出し、Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA、USA)を用いて通法に従ってtotal RNAを抽出した。First-strand cDNA合成は2μgのtotalRNAより、ReverTra Ace-α(東洋紡、大阪)を用いて行った。Real-time RT-PCRはLight Cycler-FastStart DNA master SYBR Green I (Roche Diagnostics、Mannheim、ドイツ)でラベルしたラットβ-actin, MMP1,MMP2,MMP3,MMP9,VEGF,CXCR4およびSDF1のプライマー(表1)を用いて、変性95℃で10分、PCR増幅反応95℃,10秒、62℃15秒、72℃8秒、40サイクルで、Light Cycler(Roche Diagnostics)にて行った。プライマーの設計はGenBankに登録されているラットの遺伝子配列を用いた。融解曲線解析およびPCR産物を電気泳動してアンプリコンサイズを確認し、またそれぞれのRT−PCR産物をpGEM-T Easy ベクター(Promega,Madison,WI, 米国)にサブクローニングし遺伝子配列をデータベースで確認することにより、PCRの特異性を分析した。それぞれの発現はβ-actinの値で標準化の後、ラット切歯歯髄正常組織における値に対する比で表した。結果を図2に示す。
歯髄処置後24時間および72時間経過後、4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定液を用いて灌流固定をし、その後一晩浸漬固定を行った。通法に従ってOptimal Cutting Temperature compound (サクラ, 東京)に包埋し、凍結切片12μmを作製し、APS-coated slides (Matsunami Glass Ind.、大阪)にマウントした。CXCR4とMMP3、CXCR4とSDF1およびMMP3とBS−1 lectinの3種類の免疫組織蛍光二重染色を行った。
1.血管内皮細胞のMMP3に対する増殖効果
ヒト臍帯血由来血管内皮細胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells、HUVECs)(クラボウ、大阪)を96ウェルに10,000個播種し、0.02%ウシ血清アルブミンを含むEBM2 (Cambrex Bio Science Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, USA)中に、最終濃度100ng/mlMMP3(Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) あるいは0.13μmol のNNGH(Biomol International, L.P. Plymouth Meeting, PA)を添加して培養した。Tetra-color one(Seikagaku Kogyo, Co., 東京)を10μl添加し、2,12,24,36,48, 60時間後、吸光度450nmで測定した。細胞を播種していないウェルの値をコントロールとした。また、100ng/mlMMP3の48時間後の増殖に対する効果を最終濃度50ng/mlのVEGF−A(Peprotech, London, イギリス)の効果と比較した。
5x104のHUVECをPET-membrane(BD Bioscience)に播種し、10ng/ml、100ng/mlのMMP3あるいは0.13μmolNNGHおよび50ng/mlVEGF−Aを含むEBM2の入った24ウェルにそのインサートを挿入した。24時間後、膜を貫通した細胞を0.2%trypsin−0.02%EDTAでPET-membrane下部から剥離し、その細胞数をカウントした。データは4サンプルの平均±SDで表した。結果を図4Bに示す。
アポトーシス抑制効果を検索するため、HUVECをEGM2中、35mmdishで3日間培養し、ついでEBM−2中に100nM staurosporine (Sigma)を添加してアポトーシスを誘導し、同時にVEGF−A、MMP3あるいは60nmolNNGHを添加した。9時間後、HUVECを剥離し、細胞浮遊液にAnnexin V-FITC (Roche) およびPropidium Iodide (Sigma)を15分作用させ、flow cytometer JSAN (Bay Bioscience, 神戸) でネクローシスおよびアポトーシスの割合を測定した。データは3回行い、典型的な結果を図4Cに示す。
ラット上下顎切歯より、トリプシンおよびコラーゲナーゼ酵素消化法により歯髄細胞を分離し、100単位/mlpenicillin G、100μg/ml streptomycin(Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA)、50μg/mlのL−アスコルビン酸リン酸マグネシウム塩(和光純薬)および10%(v/v)ウシ胎児血清(SAFC Biosciences, Lenexa, Kansas, USA)を含むDMEM(Sigma,St.Louis,MO,USA)で培養した。この2代目の継代細胞にコンフルエント後100ng/mlのMMP3あるいは0.13μmolN NGHおよび50ng/mlヒトリコンビナントBMP2を添加した。14日あるいは21日後にRNAを抽出し、象牙芽細胞の分化マーカー、Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (Dspp)およびenamelysinの発現をReal-time RT-PCRで分析した(表1)。それらの発現はβ−actinの値で標準化の後、ラット切歯2代目歯髄細胞のコンフルエント時における値に対する比で表した。MMP3を添加した場合、コントロールの無添加群に比べて、14日および21日後とも特に象牙芽細胞への分化促進効果は認められなかった。
1.ラット生活歯髄切断モデルへのMMP3の添加
ラットの上顎切歯を生活歯髄切断後、生理食塩水にて切断面を洗浄し、50ngのMMP3あるいは30nmolのNNGHあるいは両方をスポンジェルに添加して切断面上歯髄に応用した。ボンディング剤を塗布後、光重合型コンポジットレジン(Unifil low flow、GC、東京)にて仮封をした。72時間後に4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定液を用いて灌流固定をし、上顎切歯を摘出した。さらに4℃で一晩浸漬固定し、10%ギ酸中4℃で1週間脱灰した。縦断面のパラフィン切片7μmを作製し、H.E.染色後、光学顕微鏡にて修復象牙質形成を観察した。結果を図5に示す。
イヌの上下顎臼歯を生活歯髄切断後、5%次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液および3%過酸化水素水にて切断面を交互洗浄し、生理食塩水にて切断面を洗浄した後、100ngのMMP3をスポンジェルに添加して切断面上歯髄に応用した。さらにリン酸セメントを充填し、ボンディング剤を塗布後、化学重合型コンポジットレジンにて仮封をした。14日後に抜歯し、4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定液で4℃で一晩浸漬固定し、10%ギ酸中4℃で1週間脱灰した。縦断面のパラフィン切片5μmを作製し、H.E.染色後、光学顕微鏡にて修復象牙質形成を観察した。結果を図6に示す。
イヌの上下顎臼歯を生活歯髄切断後、歯髄面上に綿球を置き、開封状態で24時間放置した。次いで5%次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液および3%過酸化水素水にて切断面を交互洗浄し、さらに生理食塩水にて洗浄した後、100ngのMMP3をスポンジェルに添加して切断面上歯髄に応用した。さらにリン酸セメントを充填し、ボンディング剤を塗布後、化学重合型コンポジットレジンにて仮封をした。14日後に抜歯し、4℃で一晩浸漬固定し、10%ギ酸中4℃で1週間脱灰した。パラフィン切片5μmをH.E.染色後、光学顕微鏡にて修復象牙質形成を観察した。結果を図7に示す。
生体親和性が高く、酸素透過性のシリコン膜の表面をプラズマ処理、幅7μm、深さ7μm、ピッチ20μmの微細な穴加工されたもの(図8参照)に、I型コラーゲンコートを行った。このシリコン膜上に歯髄由来CD31-; CD146- SP細胞を高密度で付着させ12時間、10%仔ウシ血清、50μg/ml アスコルビン酸を含むDulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)で培養した。その細胞形態を図9Aに示す。その後、コンティナー内に培地を満たし、一方はテフロン(登録商標)にて閉鎖系にして膜表面に外部から偏側性垂直加圧を弱い(低い頻度の)加圧動作(6回加圧/分)による弱い圧縮刺激及び強い(高い頻度の)加圧動作(10回以上加圧/分)による強い圧縮刺激をそれぞれ6時間加えた。
Claims (10)
- マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ3を有効成分として含有し、歯髄の損傷又は部分喪失時に投与されて投与部位において歯髄細胞から象牙芽細胞を分化させることにより歯髄及び/又は象牙質を形成する、歯髄の損傷又は部分喪失時に用いる薬剤。
- マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ3を有効成分として含有し、歯髄の損傷又は部分喪失時に投与されて投与部位において歯髄細胞から象牙芽細胞を分化させることにより歯髄及び/又は象牙質を形成する、歯髄の損傷又は部分喪失時に用いる歯科材料。
- さらに、生体親和性を有する担体を含有する、請求項2に記載の歯科材料。
- 前記担体は、深さ方向が一定の方向を指向して配列された複数個の凹状部を少なくとも片面側に備え、酸素透過性及び/又は物質透過性を有する材料からなる膜状の担体である、請求項3に記載の歯科材料。
- さらに、歯髄細胞、歯髄細胞に分化可能な細胞、象牙芽細胞及び象牙芽細胞に分化可能な細胞から選択されるいずれかを含有する、請求項2〜4のいずれかに記載の歯科材料。
- さらに、血管内皮細胞又は血管内皮前駆細胞を含有する、請求項2〜5のいずれかに記載の歯科材料。
- さらに、上皮細胞を含有する、請求項2〜6のいずれかに記載の歯科材料。
- さらに、象牙質基質を含有する、請求項2〜6のいずれかに記載の歯科材料。
- 歯髄の損傷又は部分喪失時に用いる薬剤の有効成分のスクリーニング方法であって、
歯髄細胞に被験化合物を供給して歯髄細胞からのマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ3遺伝子の発現量を測定する工程と、前記被験化合物を供給しないときのマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ3遺伝子の発現量に比較してマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ3遺伝子発現量が増加する被験化合物を、前記薬剤の有効成分として選択することを特徴とする、スクリーニング方法。 - マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ3を有効成分として含有する、歯髄の損傷又は部分喪失による歯髄及びその近傍の炎症性疾患の予防又は治療剤。
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US8920791B2 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2014-12-30 | Japan Health Sciences Foundation | Root canal filler and dental tissue regeneration method |
JP5572291B2 (ja) | 2008-04-07 | 2014-08-13 | 独立行政法人国立長寿医療研究センター | 歯髄及び/又は象牙質形成促進のための薬剤及びその利用 |
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- 2009-04-06 EP EP09730839.9A patent/EP2286829B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-04-06 WO PCT/JP2009/057410 patent/WO2009125859A1/ja active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2286829A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
EP2286829A4 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
EP2286829B1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
ES2548451T3 (es) | 2015-10-16 |
WO2009125859A1 (ja) | 2009-10-15 |
JP2009249344A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
CN102046194A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
CN102046194B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
US9597360B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
US20110044960A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
US20160008405A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
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