JP5547630B2 - 粒子と肺との間の相互作用を調べるための装置 - Google Patents
粒子と肺との間の相互作用を調べるための装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5547630B2 JP5547630B2 JP2010512125A JP2010512125A JP5547630B2 JP 5547630 B2 JP5547630 B2 JP 5547630B2 JP 2010512125 A JP2010512125 A JP 2010512125A JP 2010512125 A JP2010512125 A JP 2010512125A JP 5547630 B2 JP5547630 B2 JP 5547630B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- sheet
- organ
- perfusate
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 62
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 title description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000009056 active transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001601 blood-air barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940000406 drug candidate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001132 alveolar macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003123 bronchiole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011496 digital image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000824 inhalation exposure Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000420 mucociliary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001533 respiratory mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/30—Anatomical models
- G09B23/32—Anatomical models with moving parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/12—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of liquids or gases
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Algebra (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Description
1.潅流液及びゲル層204の準備、
2.エアロゾル発生及びカバー・スリップ202上への沈着、
3.潅流チャンバ101及びゲル層204の始動、
4.顕微鏡103下での溶解実験、
5.顕微鏡記録の画像解析、
6.溶出された潅流液の化学分析。
102 シリンジポンプ
103 倒立顕微鏡
104 フラクション・コレクタ
105 粒子の画像
Claims (15)
- 気道の空気/血液バリアに運ばれた粒子(203)の相互作用をシミュレートするための装置であって、この装置は、
・潅流液の流れを受け入れて送り出す潅流チャンバ(101)と、
・一方の面をバリア層(204)でコーティングされた、前記粒子と相互作用するように構成された半透膜(205)と、
・前記粒子を散布した面を有する第1のシート状器官(202)と、を備え、
前記潅流液が前記潅流チャンバ(101)内を前記半透膜(205)に沿って流れる時の前記空気/血液バリアにおける前記粒子(203)の溶解をシミュレートするために、前記半透膜(205)は前記潅流液と流体接触するように配置される一方で、前記第1のシート状器官(202)は前記半透膜(205)の前記バリア層(204)に近接するように配置されることを特徴とする装置。 - 前記チャンバは、
第2の上部シート状器官(201)と、
前記第2の上部シート状器官(201)を前記半透膜(205)の上方に取り付けるための上部間隔手段(207)と、
前記粒子を前記バリア層に接触させている間に、前記半透膜(205)を取り付け、さらに前記第1のシート状器官(202)に接触させるための下部間隔手段(208)と、を備え、
前記上部間隔手段(207)に、流入及び流出潅流液を輸送するための流路(301)がそれぞれ設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記装置の前記シート状器官(201、202)は基本的に平行であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記流路(301)は、前記膜(205)に対して基本的に平行な流れを提供するように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の装置。
- 前記バリア層は、ポリカーボハイドレート懸濁液から作られることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記バリア層は、分散した界面活性剤であってリン脂質及び/又はタンパク質界面活性剤成分を含むことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記粒子(203)を含む環境に前記第1のシート状器官(202)を曝すことにより、前記粒子が前記第1のシート状器官(202)上に散布されるか、あるいは、エアロゾル化した剤型の流れから前記第1のシート状器官(202)上に散布されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記エアロゾル化した剤型は、少なくとも1つの薬学的に活性のある化合物を含む0.3〜10μmのサイズ範囲の粒子を含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前潅流液の分画を収集するための手段と、前記装置を固定構造体に固定化するための手段を併合した装置であって、前記固定化手段は、
・潅流液を前記チャンバ(101)へ及び前記チャンバから導くための接続チューブ(102)を備えた上部(401)と、
・膜(205)を前記上部間隔手段(207)に対して固定化するための中間部(403)と、
・粒子(203)を散布した表面を有する前記第1のシート状器官(202)を前記膜(205)に対して押し付けるための下部(400)と、を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の装置。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれかに一項に記載の装置を準備する方法であって、
・潅流液の流れを受け入れて送り出すようにされた、半透膜から成る壁を有する潅流チャンバを設けるステップと、
・前記膜をバリア層でコーティングするステップと、
・前記第1のシート状器官を前記バリア層に接触させ固定化するステップと、から構成され、
前記第1のシート状器官はその接触面上に散布された粒子を有し、前記粒子の散布は元々の散布パターンの最小限の乱れにとどまるようにすることを特徴とする方法。 - 浮遊微小粒子と気道の空気/血液バリアとの間の相互作用を調べる方法であって、
・粒子の空気流からサンプルを提供するステップと、
・請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項の記載の装置を提供するステップと、
・前記潅流チャンバに潅流液の流れを提供するステップと、
・前記粒子の空気流からの薬剤の前記相互作用を検出するステップ、及び/又は、
・前記潅流液からサンプルを収集して分析するステップと、を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記検出は光学検出器で行われることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の相互作用を調べる方法。
- 画像解析のために、前記第1のシート状器官(202)の画像を記録するステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のシート状器官(202)を照射し、前記光が前記粒子(203)によってどのように影響を受けるかを測定するステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のシート状器官上への前記粒子の初期沈着の重量測定を含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US93407007P | 2007-06-11 | 2007-06-11 | |
US60/934,070 | 2007-06-11 | ||
PCT/SE2008/050698 WO2008153493A1 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2008-06-11 | A device for studying interaction between particles and lungs |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2010529478A JP2010529478A (ja) | 2010-08-26 |
JP2010529478A5 JP2010529478A5 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
JP5547630B2 true JP5547630B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
Family
ID=40129964
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010512125A Active JP5547630B2 (ja) | 2007-06-11 | 2008-06-11 | 粒子と肺との間の相互作用を調べるための装置 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8348673B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2166943B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5547630B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101742965B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2008262619A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2690116A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008153493A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2706049T3 (es) | 2007-09-24 | 2019-03-27 | Ziccum Ab | Sistema y método para producir formulaciones secas |
GB0917565D0 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2009-11-25 | Univ Nottingham | An observation cell arrangement |
EP2900133B1 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2019-02-27 | Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB | Exposure method and device for aerosol and model material interaction |
GB201310502D0 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-07-24 | Univ Liverpool John Moores | Device and methods |
WO2016118935A1 (en) * | 2015-01-24 | 2016-07-28 | Innovosciences, Llc | Respiratory system simulator |
JP7096771B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-29 | 2022-07-06 | ザ ソリュビィリティ カンパニー オーユー | 材料の物理化学特性決定のための方法およびデバイス |
CN108117989B (zh) * | 2016-11-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种基于器官芯片技术的纳米颗粒肺损伤评价方法 |
CN108117990B (zh) * | 2016-11-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种基于微流控技术的仿生气血屏障模型的构建方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3550347A (en) * | 1968-02-29 | 1970-12-29 | Robert M Coates | Binning method and apparatus |
DE2154594A1 (de) * | 1971-11-03 | 1973-05-17 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zum messen der retention von aerosolpartikeln in einem atemtraktsimulator und geraet zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
IT1061615B (it) * | 1976-05-28 | 1983-04-30 | Cnen | Campionatore di polveri basato sulla simulazione dell apparato respiratorio |
FI833181A0 (fi) * | 1983-09-06 | 1983-09-06 | Labsystems Oy | Foerfarande foer bestaemning av loesningshastighet |
CA2098510A1 (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-06-14 | Kenneth W. Culver | Sustained and continuous production of high titers of recombinant viral vectors and transduced target cells for use in gene therapy |
US5199877A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-04-06 | Page W Randolph | Physiological demonstration unit |
US5584701A (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1996-12-17 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated | Self regulating lung for simulated medical procedures |
JP3329044B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-14 | 2002-09-30 | スズキ株式会社 | 人工呼吸器用模擬呼吸装置 |
US5679580A (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1997-10-21 | Midwest Research Institute | Rapid evaporation method for analysis |
US6799123B2 (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2004-09-28 | Lyn Hughes | Dissolution test equipment and method |
US7100461B2 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2006-09-05 | Microbial-Vac Systems, Inc. | Portable contaminant sampling system |
WO2003076927A1 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2003-09-18 | North Carolina State University | Method and apparatus for determining a molecular descriptor of absorption for a candidate compound |
US6921267B2 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2005-07-26 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Lung simulator for an integrated human patient simulator |
AU2005327211A1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2006-08-17 | Microchips, Inc. | Devices and methods for measuring and enhancing drug or analyte transport to/from medical implant |
US7331251B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2008-02-19 | Idaho State University | Dissolution testing of solid dosage forms intended to be administered in the oral cavity |
TW200732644A (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-09-01 | Rohm & Haas | Dissolution test equipment and methods for testing having improved filtration system |
JP4224610B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-17 | 2009-02-18 | 興研株式会社 | 呼吸保護具の評価試験用模擬呼吸装置 |
GB0702592D0 (en) * | 2007-02-10 | 2007-03-21 | Unilever Plc | Sampler and method of sampling |
-
2008
- 2008-06-11 JP JP2010512125A patent/JP5547630B2/ja active Active
- 2008-06-11 CA CA2690116A patent/CA2690116A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-06-11 WO PCT/SE2008/050698 patent/WO2008153493A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-11 CN CN2008800248315A patent/CN101742965B/zh active Active
- 2008-06-11 AU AU2008262619A patent/AU2008262619A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-06-11 US US12/664,141 patent/US8348673B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-11 EP EP08779380.8A patent/EP2166943B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101742965A (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
EP2166943A4 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
CA2690116A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
CN101742965B (zh) | 2013-01-30 |
US8348673B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
EP2166943B1 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
AU2008262619A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
US20100196866A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
JP2010529478A (ja) | 2010-08-26 |
WO2008153493A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
EP2166943A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5547630B2 (ja) | 粒子と肺との間の相互作用を調べるための装置 | |
Nahar et al. | In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models for studying particle deposition and drug absorption of inhaled pharmaceuticals | |
US20240182868A1 (en) | Organ Chips And Uses Thereof | |
Bäckman et al. | Advances in experimental and mechanistic computational models to understand pulmonary exposure to inhaled drugs | |
Schürch et al. | Surfactant displaces particles toward the epithelium in airways and alveoli | |
Gerde et al. | Dissolv It: an in vitro method for simulating the dissolution and absorption of inhaled dry powder drugs in the lungs | |
Ehrmann et al. | Innovative preclinical models for pulmonary drug delivery research | |
Kreyling et al. | Clearance of particles deposited in the lungs | |
Tsuda et al. | Particle transport and deposition: basic physics of particle kinetics | |
Almstrand et al. | Airway monitoring by collection and mass spectrometric analysis of exhaled particles | |
Chen et al. | Inhalation toxicology methods: the generation and characterization of exposure atmospheres and inhalational exposures | |
Hamed et al. | Surface rheological properties alter aerosol formation from mucus mimetic surfaces | |
US11054414B2 (en) | Exposure system | |
CA2727299C (en) | Device and method for determining the properties of aerosol formulations | |
JP2010529478A5 (ja) | ||
Bur et al. | A novel cell compatible impingement system to study in vitro drug absorption from dry powder aerosol formulations | |
Lin et al. | Airborne toxicological assessment: The potential of lung-on-a-chip as an alternative to animal testing | |
May | Dissolution testing of powders for inhalation | |
Pillai et al. | Generation of concentrated aerosols for inhalation studies | |
CN101137325A (zh) | 减少污染的方法及设备 | |
RU2638820C1 (ru) | Способ регистрации малых количеств органических нано- и микрочастиц в биологических тканях | |
Falade et al. | In vitro dissolution testing methods for inhaled drugs | |
Hsu | The human inhalability of ultralarge aerosols in calm air: in vitro and in vivo studies | |
NON-MALIGNANT | Shamsuddeen Ahmad Aliyu (MBBS, MSc.) PhD Thesis | |
Copley et al. | Dissolution testing for inhaled drugs |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110613 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20110613 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130730 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20131030 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20140422 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20140515 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5547630 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |