JP5537085B2 - アリールビニルアザシクロアルカン化合物およびその調製方法ならびにその使用 - Google Patents
アリールビニルアザシクロアルカン化合物およびその調製方法ならびにその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5537085B2 JP5537085B2 JP2009178897A JP2009178897A JP5537085B2 JP 5537085 B2 JP5537085 B2 JP 5537085B2 JP 2009178897 A JP2009178897 A JP 2009178897A JP 2009178897 A JP2009178897 A JP 2009178897A JP 5537085 B2 JP5537085 B2 JP 5537085B2
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Description
Xは、窒素またはC−R2であり、
R1は、XがC−R2であるときは、水素、C1〜6−アルキル、ハロゲン、−OR4、−NR4R5または−SR4であり、Xが窒素であるときは、水素、C1〜6−アルキル、−OR4または−NR4R5であり、
R2は、水素、C1〜6−アルキル、アリール、アリール−C1〜6−アルキル、C1〜6−アルキル−アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアリール−C1〜6−アルキル、複素環式、複素環式アルキル、シクロアルキル、ポリシクロアルキル、−OR6、−NR6R7、−SR6、−SOR6または−SO2R6であり、それぞれは、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−NH2、−OH、−OR6、−COOH、−C(O)OR6、−O−C(O)R6、−NR6R7、−NHC(O)R6、−C(O)NR6R7、−SR6、−S(O)R6、−SO2R6、−NHSO2R6、−SO2NR6R6、−C(S)NR6R6、−NHC(S)R6、−O−SO2R6、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ホルミル、トリフルオロメチル、トリフルオロメチルスルファニル、トリフルオロメトキシおよびC1〜6−アルキルから選ばれる1個または複数の置換基で場合によって置換されていることができ、
R3は、水素、C1〜6−アルキル、アリール−C1〜6−アルキル、ヘテロアリール−C1〜6−アルキル、複素環式、複素環式アルキル、シクロアルキルまたはポリシクロアルキルであり、
mは、1〜4であり、
nは、1〜3であり、
R4およびR5は、独立的に、水素またはC1〜6−アルキルであり、
R6およびR7は、独立的に、水素、C1〜6−アルキル、アリール、アリール−C1〜6−アルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアリール−C1〜6−アルキル、複素環式、複素環式アルキル、シクロアルキルまたはポリシクロアルキルであり、それぞれは、ハロゲン、C1〜6−アルキル、C1〜6−アルコキシ、−CN、−NO2、−NH2、−OH、−COOH、−COO−C1〜6−アルキル、−CONH2、ホルミル、トリフルオロメチルおよびトリフルオロメトキシから選ばれる1個または複数の置換基で場合によって置換されていることができ、
C1〜6−アルキル、複素環、ヘテロアリールおよびアリール基は、F、Cl、Br、I、R8、−NR8R9、−CF3、−CN、−NO2、−C2R8、−N3、−SO2CH3、−OR8、−SR8、−C(=O)NR8R9、−NR8C(=O)R8、−C(=O)R8、−C(=O)OR8、−(CH2)qOR8、−OC(=O)R8、−OC(=O)NR8R9および−NR8C(=O)OR8から成る群から選ばれる1〜6個の置換基で置換されていることができ、
R8およびR9は、個々に、水素または低級アルキル(例えば、C1〜6−アルキル、好ましくはメチル、エチル、イソプロピルまたはイソブチル)、芳香族基含有種または置換芳香族基含有種(1個または複数の前記置換基で置換されている)である]のビニルアザシクロアルカン化合物に関する。R6およびR7またはR8およびR9は、C1〜10− シクロアルキル官能性(例えば、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチルおよびアダマンチル)を形成することがで きる。代表的な芳香族基含有種としては、ピリジル、キノリニル、ピリミジニル、フェニルおよびベンジル(これらのいずれもが、上記で定義されたような少なくとも1種の置換基、特に、低級アルキル、ハロおよび/またはアミノ置換基を含む置換基で適当に置換されていることができる)が挙げられる。その他の代表 的な芳香族環系は、Gibsonら,J.Med.Chem.39:4065(1996)において示されている。
式(I)の化合物は、1個または複数の不斉炭素を有し、したがって、異性体、ラセミ混合物、光学異性体およびジアステレオマーの形態で存在することができる。これらの個々の化合物およびそれらの混合物は、本発明の範囲内にあるものである。
(R)−および(S)−3−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)−5−(テトラヒドロピラン−4−イルオキシ)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−5−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリミジン
(R)−および(S)−2−クロロ−5−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−3−イソプロポキシ−5−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−3−イソプロポキシ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピロリジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−3−シクロプロピルメトキシ−5−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピロリジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリミジン
(R)−および(S)−2−クロロ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピロリジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−3−シクロプロピルメトキシ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピロリジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−5−((E)−2−ピペリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリミジン
(R)−および(S)−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピペリジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリミジン
(R)−および(S)−2−クロロ−5−((E)−2−ピペリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−2−クロロ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピペリジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−3−シクロプロピルメトキシ−5−((E)−2−ピペリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−3−シクロプロピルメトキシ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピペリジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
5−((E)−2−ピペリジン−4−イルビニル)ピリミジン
5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピペリジン−4−イル)ビニル)ピリミジン
2−クロロ−5−((E)−2−ピペリジン−4−イルビニル)ピリジン
2−クロロ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピペリジン−4−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
3−シクロプロピルメトキシ−5−((E)−2−ピペリジン−4−イルビニル)ピリジン
3−シクロプロピルメトキシ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピペリジン−4−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
5−((E)−2−アゼチジン−3−イルビニル)ピリミジン
5−((E)−2−(1−メチルアゼチジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリミジン
5−((E)−2−アゼチジン−3−イルビニル)−2−クロロピリジン
5−((E)−2−(1−メチルアゼチジン−3−イル)ビニル)−2−クロロピリジン
3−((E)−2−アゼチジン−3−イルビニル)−5−シクロプロピルメトキシピリジン
3−((E)−2−(1−メチルアゼチジン−3−イル)ビニル)−5−シクロプロピルメトキシピリジン
(R)−および(S)−3−フェノキシ−5−((E)−2−ピペリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリジン
(R)−および(S)−3−フェノキシ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピペリジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
3−フェノキシ−5−((E)−2−ピペリジン−4−イルビニル)ピリジン
3−フェノキシ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルピペリジン−4−イル)ビニル)ピリジン
3−フェノキシ−5−((E)−2−アゼチジン−3−イルビニル)ピリジンおよび
3−フェノキシ−5−((E)−2−(1−メチルアゼチジン−3−イル)ビニル)ピリジン。
その他の合成方法は当業者にとって明らかであろうが、R3が水素を表す式(I)の化合物は、以下の一般的合成スキームに基づいて一般式(II)の化合物から得ることができる。
a)一般式(II)のアルデヒドをホスホランイリド(III)と反応させ、
b)一般式(IV)のビニルアザシクロアルカンを一般式(V、ここで、Y=ハロゲン)のヘテロアリールハライドと反応させ、
c)t−ブトキシカルボニル基が、一般式(VI)の化合物から脱離され、
および、生成物が単離され、場合によって、薬学的に許容される塩に転化される。
本発明による医薬品組成物は、純粋な形態において、または不活性か生理的に活性である任意のその他の薬理学的に相溶性の生成物と組合わされた組成物の形態において、式(I)の化合物またはその塩を含む。そのような組成物は、例えば、経口的に、非経口的に、直腸にまたは局所に投与することができる。
本明細書に記載された化合物は、その他のタイプのニコチン化合物が治療薬として提案されているそれらのタイプの状態および疾患を治療するのに有用である。例えば、Williamsら,DN&P 7(4):205−227(1994),Arnericら,CNS Drug Rev.1(1):1−26(1995),Arnericら,Exp.Opin.Invest.Drugs 5(1):79−100(1996),Bencherif ら,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.279:1413(1996),Lippiello ら,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.279:1422(1996),Damajら,Neuroscience (1997),Holladayら,J.Med.Chem.40(28):4169−4194(1997),Bannonら,Science 279:77−80(1998),PCT WO94/08992,PCT WO96/31475、および米国特許第5583140号(Bencherif等)、第5597919号(Dull等)および第5604231号 (Smith等)を参照。
以下の合成実施例は、本発明を例示するために与えられるものであって、本発明を限定するものとして解釈されるべきものではない。これらの実施例においては、全ての部および%は、特に言及しない限り重量である。反応収率はモル%で報告される。
トリフルオロ酢酸(0.91cm3、11.7mmol)を、アルゴン下で、0℃まで冷却した、4.5cm3の ジクロロメタン中の0.44g(1.17mmol)のラセミ体3−{(E)−2−[5−(テトラヒドロピラン−4−イルオキシ)ピリジン−3−イル]ビニ ル}ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルの溶液に滴状添加した。反応混合物をこの温度で0.5時間、次いで、22℃の範囲の温度で20時間攪拌し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥した。油状残渣を5cm3の水に入れ、得られた溶液を、28%のアンモニア水溶液を添加して塩基性(pH=8)とし、次いで、25cm3のジクロロメタンで3回抽出した。合わせた有機相を25cm3の水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、0.225gのオレンジ色の油を得、これを、シリカゲルのクロ マトグラフィー[溶出液:ジクロロメタン/メタノール(9/1次に8/2(容量))]で精製した。減圧下(2.7kPa)で画分を濃縮し、 0.1g(0.36mmol)のオレンジ色の油を得た。ガラクタル酸(0.038g、0.18mmol)を、0.5cm3の水を添加した、2cm3のメタノール中のこの油の溶液に添加した。混合物を還流させ、22℃の範囲の温度に冷却し、不溶解物質をろ過で除去した。濾液を濃縮し、減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、油状残渣を2cm3のエタノールに入れた。沈殿した固体をろ過し、2cm3のイソプロピルアセテートと2cm3のジイソプロピルエーテルで洗浄し、次いで、真空下(2.7kPa)で40℃で乾燥し、ベージュ色の固体形態において、0.088gのラセミ体 3−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)−5−(テトラヒドロピラン−4−イルオキシ)ピリジンヘミガラクタレートを得た。質量スペクトル (EI):m/z 274(M+)、m/z 232。1H NMRスペクトル(300MHz,CD3COOD d4を数滴含む(CD3)2SO d6,δ ppm):1.61(m:2H);1.82(m:1H);1.98(m:2H);2.17(m:1H);2.96(dd,J=10.5および 8.5Hz:1H);3.07(m:1H);3.10〜3.40(m:2H);3.41(dd,J=10.5および 7.5Hz:1H);3.50(ddd,J=12〜9.5および3Hz:2H);3.79(s:1H);3.87(dl,J=12および 4.5Hz:2H);4.24(s:1H);4.69(m:1H);6.43(dd,J=16および 7Hz:1H);6.56(d,J=16Hz:1H);7.49(m:1H);8.20(m:2H)。
酢酸パラジウム(0.117g、0.52mmol)、0.678g(16mmol)の塩化リチウムおよび7.25cm3(42mmol)のエチルジイソプロピルアミンを、連続して、アルゴン下で、15cm3の ジメチルホルムアミド中の1.33g(5.17mmol)の3−ブロモ−5−(テトラヒドロピラン−4−イルオキシ)ピリジンおよび 1.2g(5.17mmol)のラセミ体3−ビニルピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルの溶液に添加した。攪拌しながら110℃で3時間加熱 後、反応混合物を2時間、22℃の範囲の温度で攪拌し、次いで、濃縮し、減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥した。油状残渣を50cm3の酢酸エチルに入れ、得られた溶液を25cm3の水で2回、25cm3の飽和重炭酸塩溶液、25cm3の水で2回および25cm3の飽和塩化ナトリウム溶液で連続して洗浄し、次いで、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、1.4gの褐色の油を得 た。この残渣をシリカゲルのクロマトグラフィー[溶出液:シクロヘキサン/酢酸エチル(8/2(容量))]で精製した。減圧下(2.7kPa)で画分を濃縮し、0.44gの黄色の油を得、これを更に精製することなしに残りの合成で使用した。
ジエチルアゾジカルボキシレート(7.1cm3、45mmol)を、アルゴン下で、150cm3のトルエン中の5.22g(30mmol)の5−ブロモピリジン−3−オール、4.69g(45mmol)のテトラヒドロピラン−4−オール(45mmol)および11.8g(45mmol)のトリフェニルホスフィンの溶液に滴状添加した。攪拌しながら還流下で20時間加熱後、反応混合物を 22℃の範囲の温度にし、次いで、75cm3の水で2回、75cm3の飽和重炭酸塩溶液で2回、75cm3の水で2回および75cm3の飽和塩化ナトリウム溶液で連続して洗浄し、次いで、有機溶液を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、オレンジ色の油を得た。この残渣を、100cm3のジイソプロピルエーテルと混合し、形成された固体をろ過し、25cm3のジイソプロピルエーテルで2回洗浄した。濾液を濃縮し、減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、10gのオレンジ色の油を得た。この残渣を、シリカゲルのクロマ トグラフィー[溶出液:シクロヘキサン/酢酸エチル(8/2(容量))]で精製した。減圧下(2.7kPa)で画分を濃縮し、黄色の油の形態で、7.3g の3−ブロモ−5−(テトラヒドロピラン−4−イルオキシ)ピリジンを得た。1H NMRスペクトル(300MHz,(CD3)2SO d6,δ ppm):1.59(m:2H);1.99(m:2H);3.49(ddd,J=12.5〜9.5および3Hz:2H);3.87(dt,J=12.5お よび4.5Hz:2H);4.75(m:1H);7.82(dd,J=2.5および 2Hz:1H);8.28(d,J=2Hz:1H);8.33(d,J=2.5Hz:1H)。
ヘキサン中のn−ブチルリチウム(1.6N溶液の44cm3)を、アルゴン下で、0℃まで冷却された、300cm3のテトラヒドロフラン中の25.5g(71mmol)のトリフェニルメチルホスホニウムの懸濁液に滴状添加した。反応混合物を、0℃で0.5時間攪拌し、次いで、100cm3のテトラヒドロフラン中の7.1g(35.6mmol)のラセミ体3−ホルミルピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルの溶液と混合した。22℃の範囲の温度で2.5時間反応後、混合物を600cm3の飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液に注入した。酢酸エチルの添加後、有機相をデカントして取り除き、水で、および飽和塩化ナトリウム溶液で2回洗浄し、次いで、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥した。得られた油を、シリカゲルのクロマトグラフィー[溶出液:シクロヘキサン/酢酸エチル(95/5次に9/1(容量))]で精製した。減圧下(2.7kPa)で画分を濃縮し、無色の油の形態で6.3gのラセミ体3−ビニルピロリジン −1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルを得た。質量スペクトル(ES):m/z 198(MH+)、m/z=142。
トリフルオロ酢酸(1.2cm3、15.6mmol)を、アルゴン下で、0℃まで冷却された、6cm3のジクロロメタン中の0.43g(1.56mmol)のラセミ体3−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエス テルの溶液に滴状添加した。反応混合物をこの温度で0.5時間、次いで、22℃の範囲の温度で20時間攪拌し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥した。油状残渣を5cm3の水に入れ、得られた溶液を、28%のアンモニア水溶液を添加して塩基性(pH=8)とし、次いで、25cm3のジクロロメタンで3回抽出した。合わせた有機相を25cm3の 水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、0.126gのオレンジ色の油を得、これを、シリカゲルのクロ マトグラフィー[溶出液:ジクロロメタン/メタノール(9/1次に8/2(容量))]で精製した。減圧下(2.7kPa)で画分を濃縮し、 0.1g(0.57mmol)のオレンジ色の油を得た。ガラクタル酸(0.06g、0.28mmol)を、0.5cm3の水が添加されている、2cm3のメタノール中のこの油の溶液に添加した。混合物を還流させ、22℃の範囲の温度に冷却し、不溶解物質をろ過で除去した。濾液を濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、油状残渣を2cm3のエタノールに入れた。沈殿した固体をろ過し、2cm3のイソプロピルアセテートと2cm3のジイソプロピルエーテルで洗浄し、次いで、真空下(2.7kPa)で40℃で乾燥し、黄土色の固体形態において、0.1gのラセミ体5−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリミジンヘミガラクタレートを得た。質量スペクトル(DCI):m/z 176(MH+)。1H NMRスペクトル(300MHz,CD3COOD d4を数滴含む(CD3)2SO d6,δ ppm):1.82(m:1H);2.18(m:1H);2.98(dd,J=11および 8.5Hz:1H);3.10(m:1H);3.20(m:1H);3.33(m:1H);3.42(dd,J=11および 7.5Hz:1H);3.79(s:1H);4.24(s:1H);6.55(AB類似:2H);8.87(s:2H);9.04(s:1H)。
酢酸パラジウム(0.117g、0.52mmol)、0.678g(16mmol)の塩化リチウムおよび7.25cm3(42mmol)のエチルジイソプロピルアミンを、連続して、アルゴン下で、15cm3の ジメチルホルムアミド中の0.822g(5.17mmol)の5−ブロモピリミジンおよび1.2g(5.17mmol)のラセミ体3−ビニルピロリジン −1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルの溶液に添加した。攪拌しながら110℃で3時間加熱後、反応混合物を、22℃の範囲の温度で2時間攪拌し、次いで、 濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥した。油状残渣を50cm3の酢酸エチルに入れ、得られた溶液を、25cm3の水で2回、25cm3の飽和重炭酸塩溶液、25cm3の水で2回および25cm3の 飽和塩化ナトリウム溶液で連続して洗浄し、次いで、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、1.1gの褐色の油を得 た。この残渣をシリカゲルのクロマトグラフィー[溶出液:シクロヘキサン/酢酸エチル(8/2(容量))]で精製した。減圧下(2.7kPa)で画分を濃縮し、油の形態において、0.43gのラセミ体3−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルを得た。1H NMRスペクトル(300MHz,(CD3)2SO d6,δ ppm):1.42(s:9H);1.78(m:1H);2.05(m:1H);2.90〜3.15(m:2H);3.15〜3.60(m:3H);6.51(d,J=16.5Hz:1H);6.64(dd,J=16.5 および7Hz:1H);8.89(s:2H);9.04(s:1H)。
トリメチルシリルヨージド(0.2cm3、1.4mmol)を、22℃の範囲の温度で、アルゴン下で、10cm3のジクロロメタン中の0.26g(0.944mmol)の(+)−3−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルの溶液に添加した。この温度で2時間攪拌後、反応混合物を15cm3の 5%アンモニア水溶液と混合し、22℃の範囲の温度で1時間攪拌し、沈降させるために静置した。水性相を分離し、ジクロロメタンで抽出した。一緒にされた有機相を水で、および飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で2回洗浄し、次いで、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過し、濃縮して減圧(2.7kPa)下で乾燥し、 0.06gのオレンジ色の油を得た。ガラクタル酸(0.035g、0.16mmol)を、0.6cm3の水が添加されている、6cm3のメタノール中のこの油の溶液に添加した。混合物を還流させ、22℃の範囲の温度に冷却し、濃縮して減圧(2.7kPa)下で乾燥した。油状残渣を、5cm3の ジイソプロピルエーテルの存在下で摩砕し、形成された固体をろ過し、次いで、真空下(2.7kPa)で45℃で乾燥し、黄色固体形態において、 0.072gの(+)−5−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリミジンガラクタレートを得た。質量スペクトル (DCI):m/z=176(MH+)。1H NMRスペクトル(300MHz,CD3COOD d4を数滴含む(CD3)2SO d6,δ ppm):1.81(m:1H);2.19(m:1H);2.98(dd,J=11および 9Hz:1H);3.10(m:1H);3.21(m:1H);3.33(m:1H);3.43(dd,J=11および 8Hz:1H);3.79(s:2H);4.25(s:2H);6.56(AB類似:2H);8.88(s:2H);9.05(s:1H)。
3−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルのラセミ体混合物(0.5g)を、1.2kgのキラル固定 相、キラルパックAS(Chiralpak AS(登録商標))20μmを含む直径8cmのカラムの2つの部分に注入した[流量:130ml/分、溶出液:ヘプタン/メタノール/エタノール (98/1/1(容量))]。画分を減圧(2.7kPa)下で濃縮し、0.24gの(+)−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1− カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルおよび0.27gの(−)−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルを得 た。(+)−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルは、直径4.6mmおよび長さ250mmのキラル パックAS(登録商標)20μmカラムにおいて、14.2分の滞留時間で、第一の位置において溶出された[流量:1ml/分、溶出液:ヘプタン/メタノー ル/エタノール(98/1/1(容量))]。1H NMRスペクトル(300MHz,(CD3)2SO d6,δ ppm):1.43(s:9H);1.79(m:1H);2.06(m:1H);2.95〜3.15(m:2H);3.20〜3.35(m:1H);3.44(ddd,J=11〜8.5 および3Hz:1H);3.53(広幅dd,J=10および7.5Hz:1H);6.52(d,J=16.5Hz:1H);6.63(dd,J=16.5 および7Hz:1H);8.89(s:2H);9.04(s:1H)。(−)−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸 t−ブチルエステルは、直径4.6mmおよび長さ250mmのキラルパックAS(登録商標)20μmカラムにおいて、17分の滞留時間で、第二の位置にお いて溶出された[流量:1ml/分、溶出液:ヘプタン/メタノール/エタノール(98/1/1(容量))]。1H NMRスペクトル(300MHz,(CD3)2SO d6,δ ppm):1.43(s:9H);1.79(m:1H);2.06(m:1H);2.95〜3.15(m:2H);3.20〜3.35(m:1H);3.44(ddd,J=11〜8.5 および3Hz:1H);3.53(広幅dd,J=10および7.5Hz:1H);6.52(d,J=16.5Hz:1H);6.63(dd,J=16.5 および7Hz:1H);8.89(s:2H);9.04(s:1H)。
トリメチルシリルヨージド(0.2cm3、1.4mmol)を、22℃の範囲の温度で、アルゴン下で、10cm3のジクロロメタン中の0.29g(1.053mmol)の(−)−3−((E)−2−ピリミジン−5−イルビニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボン酸t−ブチルエステルの溶液に添加した。この温度で2時間攪拌後、反応混合物を、15cm3の 5%アンモニア水溶液と混合し、22℃の範囲の温度で1時間攪拌し、沈降させるために静置した。水性相を分離し、ジクロロメタンで抽出した。一緒にされた 有機相を水で、および飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で2回洗浄し、次いで、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥し、 0.1gのオレンジ色の油を得た。ガラクタル酸(0.06g、0.28mmol)を、1cm3の水が添加されている、10cm3のメタノール中のこの油の溶液に添加した。混合物を還流させ、22℃の範囲の温度に冷却し、濃縮して減圧下(2.7kPa)で乾燥した。油状残渣を5cm3の ジイソプロピルエーテルの存在下で摩砕し、形成された固体をろ過し、次いで、真空下(2.7kPa)で45℃で乾燥し、黄色固体形態において、 0.094gの(−)−5−((E)−2−ピロリジン−3−イルビニル)ピリミジンガラクタレートを得た。質量スペクトル (DCI):m/z=176(MH+)。1H NMRスペクトル(300MHz,CD3COOD d4を数滴含む(CD3)2SO d6,δ ppm):1.82(m:1H);2.19(m:1H);2.98(dd,J=11および 9Hz:1H);3.10(m:1H);3.21(m:1H);3.32(m:1H);3.43(dd,J=11および 7.5Hz:1H);3,79(s:2H);4.24(s:2H);6.57(AB類似:2H);8.88(s:2H);9.05(s:1H)。
血液脳関門を通過するための化合物の相対的能力を評価するために使用されているLog P値(Hansenら,J.Med.Chem.ii:1(1968)は、Molecular Simulations,Inc.のCerius2 software pakage Version 3.5を使用して計算された。
化合物:
以下の評価は、本明細書に記載されている化合物のいくつかの結合親和性およびその他の薬理学的性質を決定するために使用され、一般に、本明細書に記載されているその他の化合物の評価に使用することができる。
α4β2サブタイプ
体重150〜250gのネズミ(雌、Sprague−Dawley)を12時間の明/暗サイクルに維持し、水およびPMI Nutrition International,Inc.によって提供された餌を自由に摂取させた。動物は、70%のCO2で麻酔し、次いで、断頭した。脳を取り出し、冷えた台の上に置いた。大脳皮質を取り出し、20容量(重量:容量)の冷えた調製緩衝液(NaCl、137mM;KCl、10.7mM;KH2PO4、5.8mM;Na2HPO4、 8mM;HEPES(遊離酸)、20mM;ヨードアセトアミド、5mM;EDTA、1.6mM;pH7.4)に入れ、100μMの最終濃度までメタノール 中に溶解されたPMSFを添加し、この懸濁液をポリトロン(Polytron)で均質にした。ホモジェネートを、18,000xgで20分間、4℃で遠心 分離に掛け、得られたペレットを20容量の冷えた水に再懸濁した。氷の上で60分培養後、18,000xgで20分間、4℃で遠心分離に掛けて新たなペ レットを集めた。最終ペレットを、10容量の緩衝液に再懸濁し、−20℃で保存した。評価の日に、組織を解凍し、18,000xgで20分間遠心分離に掛 け、次いで、冷えたPBS(ダルベッコ(Dulbecco)のリン酸塩緩衝生理食塩水、NaCl、138mM;KCl、2.67mM;KH2PO4、1.47mM;Na2HPO4、8.1mM;CaCl2、0.9mM;MgCl2、 0.5mM;インビトロゲン(Invitrogen)/ギブコ(Gibco);pH7.4)に、約4mgタンパク質/mLの最終濃度まで再懸濁した。タン パク質は、標準としてウシ血清アルブミンを使用して、Lowryら,J.Biol.Chem.193:265−275(1951)の方法で決定した。
体重150〜250gのネズミ(雌、Sprague−Dawley)を12時間の明/暗サイクルに維持し、水およびPMI Nutrition International,Inc.によって提供された餌を自由に摂取させた。動物は、70%のCO2で麻酔し、次いで、断頭した。脳を取り出し、冷えた台の上に置いた。海馬を取り出し、10容量(重量:容量)の冷えた調製緩衝液(NaCl、137mM;KCl、10.7mM;KH2PO4、5.8mM;Na2HPO4、 8mM;HEPES(遊離酸)、20mM;ヨードアセトアミド、5mM;EDTA、1.6mM;pH7.4)に入れ、100μMの最終濃度までメタノール 中に溶解されたPMSFを添加し、この組織懸濁液をポリトロンで均質にした。ホモジェネートは、18,000xgで20分間、4℃で遠心分離に掛け、得られたペレットを、10容量の冷えた水に再懸濁した。氷の上で60分培養後、18,000xgで20分間、4℃で遠心分離に掛け、新たなペレットを集めた。 最終ペレットを、10容量の緩衝液に再懸濁し、−20℃で保存した。評価の日に、組織は解凍し、18,000xgで20分間遠心分離に掛け、次いで、冷え たPBS(ダルベッコのリン酸塩緩衝生理食塩水、NaCl、138mM;KCl、2.67mM;KH2PO4、1.47mM;Na2HPO4、8.1mM;CaCl2、0.9mM;MgCl2、0.5mM;インビトロゲン/ギブコ;pH7.4)に、約2mgタンパク質/mLの最終濃度まで再懸濁した。タンパク質は、標準としてウシ血清アルブミンを使用して、Lowryら,J.Biol.Chem.193:265−275(1951)の方法で決定した。
ドーパミンの放出は、Rapierら,J.Neurochem.54:937−45(1990)によって示される方法によって、ネズミの脳から得られた線 条体シナプトソームを使用して測定した。体重150〜250gのネズミ(雌、Sprague−Dawley)を12時間の明/暗サイクルに維持し、水およびPMI Nutrition International,Inc.によって提供された餌を自由に摂取させた。動物は、70%のCO2で 麻酔し、次いで、断頭した。脳を素早く取り出し、線条体を切除した。2匹のネズミの線条体組織をプールし、ガラス/ガラスホモジナイザーを使用して、 5mMHEPESを含む、5mLの冷えた0.32Mスクロース(pH7.4)において均質化した。次いで、組織を1,000xgで10分間遠心分離に掛けた。ペレットを捨て、上澄み液を12,000gで20分間遠心分離に掛けた。得られたペレットは、モノアミン酸化酵素阻害薬を含む潅流緩衝液(128mM NaCl、1.2mM KH2PO4、2.4mM KCl、3.2mM CaCl2、1.2mM MgSO4、25mM HEPES、1mM アスコルビン酸、0.02mM 塩酸パーギリンおよび10mM グルコース、pH7.4)に再懸濁し、15分間、25,000gで遠心分離に掛けた。最終ペレットは、即時使用のために1.4mLの潅流緩衝液に再懸濁した。
筋肉タイプのnAChRの活性は、胎児性横紋筋肉腫由来のヒトクローン株TE671/RD(Strattonら,Carcinogen 10:899−905(1989)について確立された。これらの細胞は、筋肉タイプのnAChRに類似の薬理的(Lukas ら,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.251:175−182、1989)、電気生理学的(Oswald ら,Neurosci.Lett.96:207−212;1989)および分子生物学的側面(Luther ら,J.Neurosci.9:1082−1096,1989)を有する受容体を発現する。
ネズミの神経節nAChRの活性化は、ネズミの副腎髄質の腫瘍由来の神経堤由来の連続クローン細胞株である褐色細胞種クローン株PC12について確立された。これらの細胞は、神経節類似の神経nAChRを発現する(Whitingら,Nature 327:515−518(1987);Lukasら,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.251:175−182(1989);Whiting ら,Mol.Brain Res.10:61−70(1990)を参照)。
細胞株、SH−SY5Yは、ヒト末梢神経芽細胞腫を元として得られた親細胞株、SK−N−SHの逐次サブクローニングによって誘導された連続細胞株である。SH−SY5Y細胞は、神経節類似のnAChRを発現する(Lukasら,Mol.Cell.Neurosci.4:1−12、1993)。
Claims (7)
- 二重結合における構造がEである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1または2に記載の化合物および1つまたは複数の薬学的に許容される担体を含む、医薬品組成物。
- 請求項1または2に記載の化合物を含む、疾患を治療または予防するための医薬品組成物であって、該疾患が、神経変性疾患、中枢神経系疾患、初老期痴呆症、早期アルツハイマー病、老人性痴呆症、アルツハイマータイプの痴呆症、レービー体痴呆症、微小梗塞痴呆症、エイズ関連痴呆症、HIV−痴呆症、多発性脳梗塞、運動疾患、パーキンソン病を含むパーキンソン症候群、ピック病、進行性核上麻痺、ハンチントン舞踏病、遅発性ジスキネジー、運動過剰症、癲癇、躁病、注意欠陥障害、不安症、鬱病、失読症、統合失調症、強迫神経症、トウーレット症候群、年齢に関連した記憶機能障害、若年性健忘症、認知症、急性または慢性的神経変性状態、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、多発性硬化症、末梢神経障害、脳または脊髄傷害、薬物中毒、ニコチン中毒、行動障害、依存性の原因となる物質に関連した行動障害、炎症性疾患、クローン病、過敏性腸症候群、潰瘍性大腸炎、急性痛み、慢性痛み、または反復性痛みである、前記医薬品組成物。
- 該疾患が、初老期痴呆症、早期アルツハイマー病、老人性痴呆症、アルツハイマータイプの痴呆症、レービー体痴呆症、微小梗塞痴呆症、エイズ関連痴呆症、HIV−痴呆症、年齢に関連した記憶機能障害、若年性健忘症、認知症、統合失調症、注意欠陥障害である、請求項4に記載の医薬品組成物。
- 認知症が免疫不全症候群に関わる認知症または血管疾患に関わる認知症である、請求項4または5に記載の医薬品組成物。
- 該疾患が、アルツハイマー病、アルツハイマータイプの痴呆症、注意欠陥障害、年齢に関連した記憶機能障害、または統合失調症である、請求項4または5に記載の医薬品組成物。
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