JP5530608B2 - 発光素子および発光装置 - Google Patents
発光素子および発光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5530608B2 JP5530608B2 JP2008226584A JP2008226584A JP5530608B2 JP 5530608 B2 JP5530608 B2 JP 5530608B2 JP 2008226584 A JP2008226584 A JP 2008226584A JP 2008226584 A JP2008226584 A JP 2008226584A JP 5530608 B2 JP5530608 B2 JP 5530608B2
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/70—Testing, e.g. accelerated lifetime tests
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/20—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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Description
テツオ ツツイ、外8名、ジャパニーズ ジャーナル オブ アプライド フィジックス、vol.38、L1502−L1504(1999)。
本発明に係る発光素子の一態様について図1を用いて以下に説明する。本発明に係る発光素子は、正孔の移動を制御する層と電子の移動を制御する層を有する。
本実施の形態では、電子の輸送を制御する層として、実施の形態1で示した構成とは異なる構成の層を用いた場合について説明する。なお、その他の構成は、実施の形態1に示した構成を用いることができる。
本実施の形態は、本発明に係る複数の発光ユニットを積層した構成の発光素子(以下、積層型素子という)の態様について、図7を参照して説明する。この発光素子は、第1の電極と第2の電極との間に、複数の発光ユニットを有する積層型発光素子である。各発光ユニットの構成としては、実施の形態1および実施の形態2で示した構成と同様な構成を用いることができる。つまり、実施の形態2で示した発光素子は、1つの発光ユニットを有する発光素子である。本実施の形態では、複数の発光ユニットを有する発光素子について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の発光素子を有する発光装置について説明する。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態4に示す発光装置をその一部に含む本発明の電子機器について説明する。本発明の電子機器は、実施の形態1〜実施の形態3で示した発光素子を有し、発光効率が高く、低消費電力の表示部を有する。また、寿命の長い表示部を有する。
まず、ガラス基板1201上に、酸化珪素を含む酸化インジウム−酸化スズをスパッタリング法にて成膜し、第1の電極1202を形成した。なお、その膜厚は110nmとし、電極面積は2mm×2mmとした。
発光素子2は、電子の移動を制御する層1215であるAlqと2PCAPAとの共蒸着膜を、AlqとN,N’−ジフェニルキナクリドン(略称:DPQd)との共蒸着膜とした以外は、発光素子1と同様に作製した。ここで、AlqとDPQdとの重量比は、1:0.005(=Alq:DPQd)となるように蒸着レートを調節した。
次に、比較のため、上述した発光素子1,2の正孔の移動を制御する層1212及び電子の移動を制御する層1215を設けないような構成の比較発光素子3を作製した。作製方法を以下に示す。まず、ガラス基板上に、酸化珪素を含む酸化インジウム−酸化スズをスパッタリング法にて成膜し、第1の電極を形成した。なお、その膜厚は110nmとし、電極面積は2mm×2mmとした。
まず、本実施例で用いる参照電極(Ag/Ag+電極)の真空準位に対するポテンシャルエネルギー(eV)を算出した。つまり、Ag/Ag+電極のフェルミ準位を算出した。メタノール中におけるフェロセンの酸化還元電位は、標準水素電極に対して+0.610[V vs. SHE]であることが知られている(参考文献;Christian R.Goldsmith et al., J.Am.Chem.Soc., Vol.124, No.1,83−96, 2002)。一方、本実施例で用いる参照電極を用いて、メタノール中におけるフェロセンの酸化還元電位を求めたところ、+0.20[Vvs.Ag/Ag+]であった。したがって、本実施例で用いる参照電極のポテンシャルエネルギーは、標準水素電極に対して0.41[eV]低くなっていることがわかった。
本測定例1では、NPBの酸化反応特性について、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べた。スキャン速度は0.1V/secとした。測定結果を図22に示す。なお、酸化反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.20Vから+0.80Vまで走査した後、+0.80Vから−0.20Vまで走査することにより行った。
本測定例では、OXD−7の酸化反応特性について、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べた。スキャン速度は0.1V/secとした。測定結果を図23に示す。なお、酸化反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.47Vから+1.60Vまで走査した後、+1.60Vから−0.47Vまで走査することにより行った。
本実施例では、実施例2と同じ参照電極を用いた。よって、本実施例で用いる参照電極の真空準位に対するポテンシャルエネルギーは、−4.44−0.41=−4.85[eV]である。
本測定例3では、Alqの還元反応特性について、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べた。スキャン速度は0.1V/secとした。測定結果を図24に示す。なお、還元反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.69Vから−2.40Vまで走査した後、−2.40Vから−0.69Vまで走査することにより行った。
本測定例4では、DPQdの還元反応特性について、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べた。スキャン速度は0.1V/secとした。測定結果を図25に示す。なお、還元反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.40Vから−2.10Vまで走査した後、−2.10Vから−0.40Vまで走査することにより行った。また、DPQdは溶解性が悪く、1mmol/Lの濃度となるように溶液を調製しようとしても溶け残りが生じたため、溶け残りが沈殿した状態で上澄み液を採取し、測定に使用した。
本測定例5では、2PCAPAの還元反応特性について、サイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって調べた。スキャン速度は0.1V/secとした。測定結果を図26に示す。なお、還元反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.41Vから−2.50Vまで走査した後、−2.50Vから−0.41Vまで走査することにより行った。
202 第1の電極
203 EL層
204 第2の電極
211 正孔注入層
212 正孔の移動を制御する層
213 正孔輸送層
214 発光層
215 電子の移動を制御する層
216 電子輸送層
217 電子注入層
221 第1の有機化合物
222 第2の有機化合物
241 第3の有機化合物
242 第4の有機化合物
501 第1の電極
502 第2の電極
511 第1の発光ユニット
512 第2の発光ユニット
513 電荷発生層
601 ソース側駆動回路
602 画素部
603 ゲート側駆動回路
604 封止基板
605 シール材
607 空間
608 配線
609 FPC(フレキシブルプリントサーキット)
610 素子基板
611 スイッチング用TFT
612 電流制御用TFT
613 第1の電極
614 絶縁物
616 EL層
617 第2の電極
618 発光素子
623 Nチャネル型TFT
624 Pチャネル型TFT
701 本体
702 表示部
703 操作スイッチ
704 表示部
710 本体
711 表示部
712 メモリ部
713 操作部
714 イヤホン
901 筐体
902 液晶層
903 バックライト
904 筐体
905 ドライバIC
906 端子
951 基板
952 電極
953 絶縁層
954 隔壁層
955 EL層
956 電極
1201 ガラス基板
1202 第1の電極
1204 第2の電極
1211 複合材料を含む層
1212 正孔の移動を制御する層
1213 正孔輸送層
1214 発光層
1215 電子の移動を制御する層
1216 電子輸送層
1217 電子注入層
2001 筐体
2002 光源
3001 照明装置
3002 テレビ装置
9101 筐体
9102 支持台
9103 表示部
9104 スピーカー部
9105 ビデオ入力端子
9201 本体
9202 筐体
9203 表示部
9204 キーボード
9205 外部接続ポート
9206 ポインティングデバイス
9401 本体
9402 筐体
9403 表示部
9404 音声入力部
9405 音声出力部
9406 操作キー
9407 外部接続ポート
9408 アンテナ
9501 本体
9502 表示部
9503 筐体
9504 外部接続ポート
9505 リモコン受信部
9506 受像部
9507 バッテリー
9508 音声入力部
9509 操作キー
9510 接眼部
Claims (7)
- 陽極と陰極との間に、発光層と第1の層と第2の層とを有し、
前記第1の層は、前記発光層と前記陽極との間に設けられており、
前記第2の層は、前記発光層と前記陰極との間に設けられており、
前記第1の層は、正孔輸送性の第1の有機化合物と、前記第1の有機化合物の正孔輸送性を低下させる第2の有機化合物とを含み、
前記第2の有機化合物は、前記第1の有機化合物中に分散されており、
前記第2の層は、電子輸送性の第3の有機化合物と、前記第3の有機化合物の電子輸送性を低下させる第4の有機化合物とを含み、
前記第4の有機化合物は、前記第3の有機化合物中に分散されており、
前記第4の有機化合物は、正孔輸送性であり、
前記第3の有機化合物の最低空軌道準位と前記第4の有機化合物の最低空軌道準位との差は0.3eVより小さいことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1において、
前記第3の有機化合物は、金属錯体であり、
前記第4の有機化合物は、芳香族アミンであることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 陽極と陰極との間に、発光層と第1の層と第2の層とを有し、
前記第1の層は、前記発光層と前記陽極との間に設けられており、
前記第2の層は、前記発光層と前記陰極との間に設けられており、
前記第1の層は、正孔輸送性の第1の有機化合物と、前記第1の有機化合物の正孔輸送性を低下させる第2の有機化合物とを含み、
前記第2の有機化合物は、前記第1の有機化合物中に分散されており、
前記第2の層は、電子輸送性の第3の有機化合物と、前記第3の有機化合物の電子輸送性を低下させる第4の有機化合物とを含み、
前記第4の有機化合物は、前記第3の有機化合物中に分散されており、
前記第4の有機化合物は、電子トラップ性であり、
前記発光層に含まれる発光材料は第1の燐光性化合物であり、
前記第4の有機化合物は第2の燐光性化合物であることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 陽極と陰極との間に、発光層と第1の層と第2の層とを有し、
前記第1の層は、前記発光層と前記陽極との間に設けられており、
前記第2の層は、前記発光層と前記陰極との間に設けられており、
前記第1の層は、正孔輸送性の第1の有機化合物と、前記第1の有機化合物の正孔輸送性を低下させる第2の有機化合物とを含み、
前記第2の有機化合物は、前記第1の有機化合物中に分散されており、
前記第2の層は、電子輸送性の第3の有機化合物と、前記第3の有機化合物の電子輸送性を低下させる第4の有機化合物とを含み、
前記第4の有機化合物は、前記第3の有機化合物中に分散されており、
前記第4の有機化合物は、前記第3の有機化合物の最低空軌道準位より0.3eV以上低い最低空軌道準位を有し、
前記発光層に含まれる発光材料は第1の燐光性化合物であり、
前記第4の有機化合物は第2の燐光性化合物であることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項において、
前記第1の層における前記第2の有機化合物の濃度は、1重量%以上20重量%以下であることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項において、
前記第2の有機化合物は、オキサジアゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、フェナントロリン誘導体のいずれかであることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子を有する発光装置。
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US8384283B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2013-02-26 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and electronic device |
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JP6363836B2 (ja) | 2012-12-20 | 2018-07-25 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子 |
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JP6008887B2 (ja) | 2016-10-19 |
JP2017055143A (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
JP2014112715A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
US9269906B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
JP2015179860A (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
US20160164017A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
KR20090028420A (ko) | 2009-03-18 |
US10193097B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
JP2009088491A (ja) | 2009-04-23 |
KR101663000B1 (ko) | 2016-10-06 |
JP6370871B2 (ja) | 2018-08-08 |
US20090072725A1 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
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