JP5523104B2 - 熱再生可能な窒素酸化物吸着材 - Google Patents
熱再生可能な窒素酸化物吸着材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5523104B2 JP5523104B2 JP2009536802A JP2009536802A JP5523104B2 JP 5523104 B2 JP5523104 B2 JP 5523104B2 JP 2009536802 A JP2009536802 A JP 2009536802A JP 2009536802 A JP2009536802 A JP 2009536802A JP 5523104 B2 JP5523104 B2 JP 5523104B2
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- adsorbent
- catalyst
- reducing agent
- exhaust system
- oxide
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 822
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
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- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description
「”Bluetec”という販売名は、欧州では”AdBlue”と呼ばれる尿素選択触媒還元(SCR)技術を由来としており、NOx吸着触媒(NAC)と尿素SCRという2つの異なるNOx制御の選択肢がBluetecライナップに導入されている。2007年モデルにおいては、E320排出物制御装置は、直動式ディーゼル酸化触媒(DOC)と、NACコンバータ、ディーゼル粒子フィルタ、及びSCR触媒を備えている。NOx吸着剤は、リッチ排気条件下で再生後、エンジン管理方法として定期的に実施されるリーン運転中に排出されたNOxを吸蔵する。ディーゼルNAC触媒における再生は、典型的には2分毎に数秒実施される。再生中、NAC触媒は多少のアンモニアを生じ、このアンモニアは下流のSCR触媒に吸蔵されてSCR反応によるNOx還元を更に高めるよう使用される。」
(i)前記リーンガス流から正味のNOそれ自体を、パラジウムと酸化セリウムを含む吸着剤に200℃未満で吸着する工程と、
(ii)前記NO吸着剤からNOをリーンガス流において200℃以上で正味に熱的に脱着する工程と、
(iii)前記NO吸着剤以外の触媒において、炭化水素還元剤、窒素還元剤、水素、及びこれらのうち2以上の混合物からなる群から選択される還元剤により、NOxを触媒作用により還元する工程とを備えてなる、NOx還元方法である。
前記リーンガス流からNOそれ自体を200℃未満で吸着する吸着剤と、
前記NO吸着剤を200℃以上でリーンガス流に接触させてNO吸着剤からNOを脱着させる手段と、
NO還元触媒を含む前記NO吸着剤から脱着されたNOを還元する手段と、
炭化水素還元剤、窒素還元剤、水素、及びこれらのうち2以上の混合物からなる群から選択される還元剤の供給源とを備えてなるものであり、
前記NO吸着剤が、パラジウムと酸化セリウムを含んでなるものである、システムを提供する。
Pd/CeO2、Pt/CeO2、及びPt/Al2O3触媒が、CeO2又はガンマAl2O3担体材料を適切な貴金属の塩水溶液に含浸させることにより調製しれた。このようにして得られた製品を110℃で1時間乾燥させ、次いで500℃の空気中で1時間焼成させて、「フレッシュ加工」触媒サンプルを得た。エイジング加工サンプルは、750℃で10時間空気中で加熱することにより調製した。
0.9wt%のPd名目装填量であるPd−CeO2触媒50gが、Ce(NO3)3(126g)、Pd(NO3)3(5.57g−試金分析8.08%Pd)、及び固体NaOH(36g)を用いて調製した。NaOHは、6リットルの純水に溶解させた後に沸騰した。Pd(NO3)3とCe(NO3)3は、単独溶液として500cm3になるまで水に溶解した。このようにして得られた溶液を沸騰しているNaOHに滴下添加することにより黒い沈殿物を形成した。Pd(NO3)3/Ce3+溶液の添加は、通常、1時間以上続けられ、最終pHは標準的には約10であった。沈殿物を更に1時間沸騰させて濾過した後、洗浄してNO3 −、Cl−、及びNa+を含まない状態とした。洗浄された沈殿物を、110℃で乾燥させて、次いで500℃の空気中で焼成した。
適量のアルミナバインダーを含む、実施例1の各触媒サンプルのウォッシュコートが調製した。コーディエライトフロースルー基材モノリス(1平方インチ辺り400セル、壁厚:6/1000インチ)をこのウォッシュコートで被覆し、次いで110℃で1時間乾燥させた後500℃の空気中で1時間焼成させた。各被覆基材から、直径1インチ・長さ3インチのコアが切り出した。実施例1の担体材料に充填されている貴金属を計算したところ、基材モノリスに充填されている貴金属は100gft−3であった。
実施例3にて調製されたコアを、合成触媒活性テスト(SCAT)原子炉に搬入し、以下の合成ディーゼル排気ガス混合物を用いて試験を行った。すなわち、行程容積60,000hr−1で、合成ディーゼル排気ガス混合物は、100ppmのNO(吸蔵期間のみ)、0.05%のCO、4.5%のCO2、250ppmのC3H6、12%のO2、5%のH2O、残部のN2からなる。最初に、吸気口付近のNOが10分間に亘り100ppmのNOに変換されるNOx吸着フェーズの間に、コアサンプルの温度を120℃に安定させた。吸気ガス内のNOを10分後に0ppmとし、これに続いて、排気口のNOxを継続的に検出しつつサンプルの温度を300度まで傾斜的に毎分20℃の上昇度で上昇させた。この手順は、温度の傾斜上昇が実施される前の、NOが吸気口に高濃度で存在する160℃の浸漬温度と、200℃の安定温度とにおいて繰り返した。以下で明らかにされる理由により、この手続きは、C3H6が省略された(残部のN2)以外は同一のガス混合物についても繰り返した。結果を図5から図8に示す。
本発明は、以下の態様を含む。
(態様1)
酸化窒素(NO)を含むリーンガス流中の窒素酸化物(NO x )を還元するための方法であって、
(i)前記リーンガス流から正味のNOそれ自体を、パラジウムと酸化セリウムを含む吸着剤に200℃未満で吸着する工程と、
(ii)前記NO吸着剤からNOをリーンガス流において200℃以上で正味に熱的に脱着する工程と、
(iii)前記NO吸着剤以外の触媒において、炭化水素還元剤、窒素還元剤、水素、及びこれらのうち2以上の混合物からなる群から選択される還元剤により、NO x を触媒作用により還元する工程とを備えてなる、NO x 還元方法。
(態様2)
前記NO吸着剤が、パラジウム及び酸化セリウム、又はセリウムと少なくとも一つの他の遷移金属を含有する混合酸化物又は複合酸化物からなるものである、態様1に記載のNO x 還元方法。
(態様3)
前記NO吸着剤が、セリアに分散させたパラジウム、又はセリウムと少なくとも一つの他の遷移金属を含有する混合酸化物又は複合酸化物を含んでなるものである、態様1又は2に記載のNO x 還元方法。
(態様4)
前記NO吸着剤が、200℃以上で正味のNO x を吸着し、且つ250℃以上で正味のNO x を脱着する熱再生可能なNO x 吸着剤と、プラチナと金属酸化物を含んでなるNO x 吸着剤と組み合わされてなるものである、態様1〜3の何れか一項に記載のNO x 還元方法。
(態様5)
前記工程(ii)が、正味のリーンガス流において実施される、態様1〜4の何れか一項に記載のNO x 還元方法。
(態様6)
前記工程(iii)が、正味のリーンガス流において実施される、態様1〜5の何れか一項に記載のNO x 還元方法。
(態様7)
前記工程(iii)の触媒が選択触媒還元(SCR)触媒であり、
還元剤が窒素還元剤である、態様1〜6の何れか一項に記載のNO x 還元方法。
(態様8)
酸化窒素(NO)を含むリーンガス流中の窒素酸化物(NO x )を還元するためのシステムであって、
前記リーンガス流からNOそれ自体を200℃未満で吸着する吸着剤と、
前記NO吸着剤を200℃以上でリーンガス流に接触させてNO吸着剤からNOを脱着させる手段と、
NO還元触媒を含む前記NO吸着剤から脱着されたNOを還元する手段と、
炭化水素還元剤、窒素還元剤、水素、及びこれらのうち2以上の混合物からなる群から選択される還元剤の供給源とを備えてなるものであり、
前記NO吸着剤が、パラジウムと酸化セリウムを含んでなるものである、システム。
(態様9)
前記NO吸着剤が、パラジウム及び酸化セリウム、又はセリウムと少なくとも一つの他の遷移金属を含有する混合酸化物又は複合酸化物からなるものである、態様8に記載のシステム。
(態様10)
前記NO吸着剤が、セリアに分散させたパラジウム、又はセリウムと少なくとも一つの他の遷移金属を含有する混合酸化物又は複合酸化物を含んでなるものである、態様8又は9に記載のシステム。
(態様11)
前記混合酸化物又は複合酸化物における少なくとも一つの他の遷移金属が、ジルコニウムである、態様9又は10に記載のシステム。
(態様12)
前記NO吸着剤に充填されたパラジウムが、0.1g/ft −3 から200g/ft −3 である、態様8〜11の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
(態様13)
前記NO吸着剤が、200℃未満で正味のNO x を吸着し、且つ250℃以上で正味のNO x を脱着する熱再生可能なNO x 吸着剤と、プラチナと金属酸化物を含んでなるNO x 吸着剤と組み合わされてなるものである、態様8〜12の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
(態様14)
前記熱再生可能なNO吸着剤が、アルミナ、セリア及び/又はジルコニアに分散されたプラチナを含んでなるものである、態様1に記載のNO x 還元方法。
(態様15)
前記NO吸着剤が下層内に存在し、且つ、前記熱再生可能なNO x 吸着剤が前記下層上に積層された層に存在してなる、態様13又は14に記載のシステム。
(態様16)
前記NO還元触媒が選択触媒還元触媒であり、
前記還元剤が窒素還元剤である、態様8〜15の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
(態様17)
態様8〜16の何れか一項に記載のシステムが、リーンバーン内燃機関用の排気システムであって、
前記NO吸着剤が、前記NO還元触媒の上流に配置されるか、又は前記NO還元触媒と共に配置されてなり、
前記排気システムが、前記NO吸着剤と前記NO還元触媒の間に、又は前記NO吸着剤と前記NO還元触媒の両方の上流側に、排気ガスに還元剤を導入するための手段を備えてなる、排気システム。
(態様18)
前記NO吸着剤が、粒子フィルタの上流側端部に加えられてなる、態様17に記載の排気システム。
(態様19)
前記NO吸着剤が粒子フィルタの入り口端部に塗布されてなり、
前記還元剤導入手段が前記フィルタの下流に配置され、及び
前記NO還元触媒が前記還元剤導入手段の下流に配置されてなる、態様18に記載の排気システム。
(態様20)
前記NO吸着剤が、前記粒子フィルタの上流に配置された別の基材に設けられてなる、態様19に記載の排気システム。
(態様21)
前記粒子フィルタが触媒化されてなるものである、態様18又は20に記載の排気システム。
(態様22)
前記粒子フィルタ触媒がSCR触媒である、態様21に記載の排気システム。
(態様23)
窒素還元剤が、アンモニアそれ自体、ヒドラジン、又は尿素((NH 2 ) 2 CO)、炭酸アンモニウム、カルバミン酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、及びギ酸アンモニウムからなる群から選択されるアンモニア前駆体である、態様8〜22のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
(態様24)
還元剤の排気ガス中への導入を制御して排気ガス中のNO x を還元する手段を備えてなる、態様8〜23のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
(態様25)
前記制御手段が、電子制御ユニット、選択的にエンジン制御ユニットを備えてなる、態様24に記載の排気システム。
(態様26)
前記制御手段が、前記NO還元触媒の下流に配置されたNO x センサを備えてなる、態様24又は25に記載の排気システム。
(態様27)
態様16〜26の何れか一項に記載の排気システムを備えてなるリーンバーン内燃機関。
(態様28)
態様27に記載のディーゼルエンジン。
Claims (25)
- 酸化窒素(NO)を含むリーンガス流中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を還元するための方法であって、
(i)前記リーンガス流から正味のNOそれ自体を、パラジウムと酸化セリウム、又はセリウム−ジルコニウム混合酸化物を含む吸着剤に200℃未満で吸着する工程と、
(ii)前記NO吸着剤からNOをリーンガス流において200℃以上で正味に熱的に脱着する工程と、
(iii)前記NO吸着剤以外の触媒において、炭化水素還元剤、窒素還元剤、水素、及びこれらのうち2以上の混合物からなる群から選択される還元剤により、NOxを触媒作用により還元する工程とを備えてなる、NOx還元方法。 - 前記NO吸着剤が、セリアに分散させたパラジウム、又はセリウム−ジルコニウム混合酸化物を含んでなるものである、請求項1に記載のNOx還元方法。
- 前記NO吸着剤が、200℃以上で正味のNOxを吸着し、且つ250℃以上で正味のNOxを脱着する熱再生可能なNOx吸着剤と組み合わされてなるものであり、NOx吸着剤がプラチナと金属酸化物を含んでなる、請求項1又は2の何れか一項に記載のNOx還元方法。
- 前記工程(ii)が、正味のリーンガス流において実施される、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載のNOx還元方法。
- 前記工程(iii)が、正味のリーンガス流において実施される、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載のNOx還元方法。
- 前記工程(iii)の触媒が選択触媒還元(SCR)触媒であり、
還元剤が窒素還元剤である、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載のNOx還元方法。 - 酸化窒素(NO)を含むリーンガス流中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を還元するためのシステムであって、
前記リーンガス流からNOそれ自体を200℃未満で吸着する吸着剤と、
前記NO吸着剤を200℃以上でリーンガス流に接触させてNO吸着剤からNOを脱着させる手段と、
NO還元触媒を含む前記NO吸着剤から脱着されたNOを還元する手段と、
炭化水素還元剤、窒素還元剤、水素、及びこれらのうち2以上の混合物からなる群から選択される還元剤の供給源とを備えてなるものであり、
前記NO吸着剤が、パラジウムと酸化セリウム、又はセリウム−ジルコニウム混合酸化物を含んでなるものである、システム。 - 前記NO吸着剤が、セリアに分散させたパラジウム、又はセリウム−ジルコニウム混合酸化物を含んでなるものである、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記NO吸着剤に充填されたパラジウムが、0.004から8.6g/Lである、請求項7又は8の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記NO吸着剤が、200℃未満で正味のNOxを吸着し、且つ250℃以上で正味のNOxを脱着する熱再生可能なNOx吸着剤と組み合わされてなるものであり、NOx吸着剤がプラチナと金属酸化物を含んでなる、請求項7〜9の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記熱再生可能なNO吸着剤が、アルミナ、セリア及び/又はジルコニアに分散されたプラチナを含んでなるものである、請求項10に記載のシステム。
- 前記NO吸着剤が下層内に存在し、且つ、前記熱再生可能なNOx吸着剤が前記下層上に積層された層に存在してなる、請求項10又は11に記載のシステム。
- 前記NO還元触媒が選択触媒還元触媒であり、
前記還元剤が窒素還元剤である、請求項7〜12の何れか一項に記載のシステム。 - 請求項7〜13の何れか一項に記載のシステムが、リーンバーン内燃機関用の排気システムであって、
前記NO吸着剤が、前記NO還元触媒の上流に配置されるか、又は前記NO還元触媒と共に配置されてなり、
前記排気システムが、前記NO吸着剤と前記NO還元触媒の間に、又は前記NO吸着剤と前記NO還元触媒の両方の上流側に、排気ガスに還元剤を導入するための手段を備えてなる、排気システム。 - 前記NO吸着剤が、粒子フィルタの上流側端部に加えられてなる、請求項14に記載の排気システム。
- 前記NO吸着剤が粒子フィルタの入り口端部に塗布されてなり、
前記還元剤導入手段が前記フィルタの下流に配置され、及び
前記NO還元触媒が前記還元剤導入手段の下流に配置されてなる、請求項15に記載の排気システム。 - 前記NO吸着剤が、前記粒子フィルタの上流に配置された別の基材に設けられてなる、請求項16に記載の排気システム。
- 前記粒子フィルタが触媒化されてなるものである、請求項15又は17に記載の排気シ
ステム。 - 前記粒子フィルタ触媒がSCR触媒である、請求項18に記載の排気システム。
- 窒素還元剤が、アンモニアそれ自体、ヒドラジン、又は尿素((NH2)2CO)、炭酸アンモニウム、カルバミン酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、及びギ酸アンモニウムからなる群から選択されるアンモニア前駆体である、請求項7〜19のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 還元剤の排気ガス中への導入を制御して排気ガス中のNOxを還元する手段を備えてなる、請求項7〜20のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 前記制御手段が、電子制御ユニット、選択的にエンジン制御ユニットを備えてなる、請求項21に記載の排気システム。
- 前記制御手段が、前記NO還元触媒の下流に配置されたNOxセンサを備えてなる、請求項21又は22に記載の排気システム。
- 請求項13〜23の何れか一項に記載の排気システムを備えてなる、リーンバーン内燃機関。
- 請求項24に記載のリーンバーン内燃機関を備えてなる、ディーゼルエンジン。
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JP2009536802A Active JP5523104B2 (ja) | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-19 | 熱再生可能な窒素酸化物吸着材 |
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EP (1) | EP2081665B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5523104B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101467592B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101594925B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE475472T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0717470B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602007008128D1 (ja) |
GB (2) | GB0620883D0 (ja) |
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2006
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- 2007-10-19 KR KR1020097010199A patent/KR101467592B1/ko active Active
- 2007-10-19 DE DE602007008128T patent/DE602007008128D1/de active Active
- 2007-10-19 CN CN2007800476675A patent/CN101594925B/zh active Active
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- 2007-10-19 EP EP07824860A patent/EP2081665B1/en active Active
- 2007-10-19 RU RU2009118911/05A patent/RU2436621C2/ru active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101467592B1 (ko) | 2014-12-01 |
WO2008047170A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
JP2010507480A (ja) | 2010-03-11 |
DE602007008128D1 (de) | 2010-09-09 |
US8105559B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
EP2081665B1 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
RU2009118911A (ru) | 2010-11-27 |
CN101594925A (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
US20110274606A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
ATE475472T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
CN101594925B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
GB0620883D0 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
BRPI0717470B1 (pt) | 2018-05-15 |
KR20090082225A (ko) | 2009-07-29 |
GB0713869D0 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
RU2436621C2 (ru) | 2011-12-20 |
BRPI0717470A2 (pt) | 2014-07-08 |
EP2081665A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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