JP5508266B2 - ワクチン - Google Patents
ワクチン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5508266B2 JP5508266B2 JP2010520550A JP2010520550A JP5508266B2 JP 5508266 B2 JP5508266 B2 JP 5508266B2 JP 2010520550 A JP2010520550 A JP 2010520550A JP 2010520550 A JP2010520550 A JP 2010520550A JP 5508266 B2 JP5508266 B2 JP 5508266B2
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- malaria
- protein
- rts
- vaccine
- antigen
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Description
PYAR: 発症/リスク人年;
VE: ワクチン効力;
CI: 信頼区間
a最初の発症までの時間; 1μLあたり0を超えるP. falciparum無性寄生虫血症の存在
b最初の発症までの時間; 1μLあたり500を超えるP. falciparum無性寄生虫血症の存在および不調で治療に連れて来られた子供における37.5℃以上の熱の存在
c最初の発症までの時間; 任意のレベルのP. falciparum無性寄生虫血症および不調で治療に連れて来られた子供における37.5℃以上の熱の存在または24時間以内の発熱歴
d最初の発症までの時間; 1μLあたり500を超えるP. falciparum無性寄生虫血症の存在および不調で治療に連れて来られた子供における37.5℃以上の熱の存在(ITT 0-6)。
・Sacchromyes cerevisiae TDH3遺伝子配列由来の、ヌクレオチド1059〜1061によってコードされるメチオニン残基。(Musti A.m. et al Gene 1983 25 133-143)
・該ハイブリッド遺伝子の構築に使用されるクローニング手順によって作製されるヌクレオチド配列(1062〜1070)由来の3アミノ酸Met Ala Pro。
・Plasmodium falciparum系統3D7のスポロゾイト周囲タンパク質(CSP) (Caspers et al, 上記)のアミノ酸207〜395に相当する、ヌクレオチド1071〜1637によってコードされる一つながりの189アミノ酸。
・該ハイブリッド遺伝子の構築に使用されるクローニング手順によって作製される、ヌクレオチド1638〜1640によってコードされるアミノ酸(Gly)。
・ヌクレオチド1641〜1652によってコードされ、かつB型肝炎ウイルス(adw血清型) preS2タンパク質の4カルボキシ末端残基(Nature 280: 815-819, 1979)に相当する、4アミノ酸Pro Val Thr Asn。
・ヌクレオチド1653〜2330によってコードされ、かつB型肝炎ウイルス(adw血清型)のSタンパク質を特定する一つながりの226アミノ酸。
1. 3D-MPL、QS21および水中油型エマルジョン。
研究は、Centro de Investigacao em Saude de Manhica (CISM, Manhica Health Research Centre)で、CISM本部があるManhica市の約50 km北の2つの自治体Ilha JosinaおよびTaningaにおいて2005年6月〜2007年3月の間に行われた。研究地域全体およびIlha Josinaの特徴は以前に報告されている(Alonso PL, Sacarlal J, Aponte JJ, Leach A, Macete E, Milman J, et al. Efficacy of the RTS,S/AS02A vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease in young African children: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004 Oct 16-22;364(9443):1411-20)。TaningaはIncomati川の氾濫原を直接横切るIlha Jossinaに面する農村である。気候は亜熱帯性気候であり、2つの異なる季節:11月〜4月までの暖かい雨季および1年の残りの期間の概して涼しい乾季を有する。マラリア伝染はいくらかの季節性を有するものの通年性であり、ほとんどの場合、P. falciparumに起因する。Anopheles funestusが主な媒介生物である。アモジアキンおよびスルファドキシン-ピリメタミン(sulphadoxine-pirimethamine)に基づく併用療法は、アルテスナート(artesunate)およびスルファドキシン-ピリメタミンを使用するアーテミシニンに基づく併用療法(ACT)に変更された2006年9月まで、無併発性マラリアの一次治療であった。2005年から、Ministry of Healthのマラリア抑制活動の一環として、1年ごとの屋内残留スプレー(IRS)が実施された。2005年12月の1回目の際は、IRSはカルバマート(ICON(登録商標))に基づくものであったが、2006年12月にDDTに変更された。研究活動の一環として、かつ国の推奨にしたがって、殺虫剤で処理された蚊帳(ITN)がその使用に関する指示書とともにスクリーニング中の妊婦に与えられた。Ilha JosinaおよびTaningaの両自治体は、基礎的な治療および予防医療を提供する簡易の保健所(health post)および産科病院を有する。研究のために、施設を改良し、24時間医療が可能になり、CISMに隣接するManhica District Hospitalへの紹介のために交通手段を用意した。
CISMは、両研究地域を含むほぼ半分の地区で人口調査システムを作動させている。自分の乳児の登録を考慮するであろう、研究地域に居住する妊娠第3期の妊婦に、インフォームドコンセントプロセスに参加するよう依頼した。初回訪問時に、特別に訓練されたスタッフによって妊婦グループに情報シートが音読および説明された。発明者らは、情報の理解を調べるために設計された個別の口頭理解試験に女性が合格した後のみ、個別の同意を求めた。インフォームドコンセントの書類にサイン(または読み書きができない場合は拇印)するよう彼女らに求めた。本調査研究に関連していない自治体のメンバーは先入観のない証人として働き、同意書に副署した。インフォームドコンセントを与えた人はカウンセリングを受け、HIV (DetermineTM HIV1-2, Abbot LaboratoriesおよびUNI-GOLD HIV, Trinity Biotech PLC)およびB型肝炎(DetermineTM HBsAg, Abbot Laboratories)に関してスクリーニングされた。HIV陽性であることが判明した女性は、医学的評価およびNational Guidelinesにしたがう管理のためにManhica District Hospitalの政府保健サービスに紹介された。これらには、母子感染の低減ならびに臨床および社会的基準を満たす人に対する抗レトロウイルス治療の無料提供が含まれた。B型肝炎陽性の母親は子孫への感染リスクについて助言され、新生児に対して出生時にB型肝炎ワクチンが提供された。
モザンビーク(Mozambique)のEPIは、出生時のBCGワクチンおよび経口ポリオワクチン(OPV)、8、12および16週齢の時点でOPVと共投与される3回投与のジフテリア(Dipheteria)・破傷風・百日咳(Pertusis)全細胞(DTPw)およびB型肝炎ワクチンならびに9月齢での麻疹ワクチンを含む。研究のために、発明者らはこのスキームに2つの変更を導入した。Hibワクチンの使用が高速に拡大して、より多くのアフリカの国々でEPIの部分になっていることを考えると、発明者らは、DTPwと組み合わせてそれを加えることを決定した。それが試験に参加する子供に追加の利益を提供するであろうからである。B型肝炎ワクチンはDTPwとともに投与されなかった。RTS,Sが、匹敵する抗HBsAg力価を誘発することが示されているからである。図1aは、試験設計および追跡スキームを示す。DTPw/Hib [TETRActHibTM Aventis Pasteur]での初回ワクチン接種の日に、対象となる子供を登録した。DTPw/Hibでの初回ワクチン接種の時点で、DTPw/HibおよびOPVワクチンと2週間ずらされて10、14および18週齢の時点で投与される3回投与のRTS,S/AS02D (GSK Biologicals, Rixensart. Belgium)またはB型肝炎ワクチン(Engerix-BTM, GSK Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium)のいずれかを投与されるように子供をランダムに割り当てた。SASソフトウェアバージョン8 (比1:1, ブロックサイズ2)を用いてGSK Biologicalsでブロックランダム化を行った。データベースをモニターし、整理し(cleaned)かつロックした後にランダム化コードを研究者に公開した。
試験の主要評価項目はRTS,S/AS02Dワクチン候補の安全性および忍容性であった。DTPw/Hibの少なくとも1回の投与を受けたすべての子供を包括(intention-to-treat; ITT)安全性解析に含めた。
GSKおよびCISMはともに、PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI)から、この原稿に記載される研究を行うための財政的支持を受けた。MVIは研究設計および解釈のすべての側面に(オーサーシップガイドラインにより)関与した。MVIはBill & Melinda Gates Foundationからの補助金によってこの研究に資金を提供した。CISMの基本的な資金はSpanish Agency for International Cooperation (AECI)から提供されている。
図1は試験プロファイルを示す。446人の妊婦のうち326人が適格基準を満たし、329人の新生児を産んだ。そのうち251人の乳児がスクリーニングされ、スクリーニングされた子供の214人(85%)が試験に登録され、DTPw/Hibワクチンの初回投与を受けた。RTS,S/AS02D群の93人(86%)の子供およびEngerix-BTM群の92人(85%)がADI追跡調査に入った。追跡期間中に、RTS,S/AS02D群の7人の子供およびEngerix-BTM群の8人の子供から同意が取り消された。各群の3人の子供は、RTS,S/AS02DまたはEngerix-BTMの2回目の投与の時点で誤ったワクチンを投与された。彼らはATP解析に含まれなかった。両群のベースライン特性を表1に示す。
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Claims (12)
- 製薬的に許容されるアジュバントと組み合わせて、マラリア感染の前赤血球期に発現されるプラスモジウム・ファルシパルム(Plasmodium falciparum)のスポロゾイト周囲タンパク質(CS)由来の抗原を含む、乳児にマラリアに対するワクチン接種をするための医薬であって、該医薬の標的集団が1週齢〜25週齢の乳児であり、CS抗原がB型肝炎ウイルス由来の表面抗原(HBsAg)に融合されている、医薬。
- 抗原およびアジュバントの製剤が、LSA-1、LSA-3、AMA-1、MSP-1、TRAP、Exp-1またはその免疫原性断片からなる群から選択される抗原をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の医薬。
- CSタンパク質が、プラスモジウム属のCSタンパク質のすべてのC末端部分もしくは疎水性アンカー配列を欠いているC末端部分、CSタンパク質免疫優性領域の4つ以上のタンデムリピート、およびB型肝炎ウイルス由来の表面抗原(HBsAg)を含むハイブリッドタンパク質の形態である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬。
- ハイブリッドタンパク質が、線状リンカーによってHBsAgのN末端にインフレームで融合されたプラスモジウム・ファルシパルム(P.falciparum) NF54系統3D7クローンCSタンパク質のアミノ酸207-395に対応するプラスモジウム・ファルシパルム(P.falciparum)のCSタンパク質の配列を含む、請求項3に記載の医薬。
- ハイブリッドタンパク質がRTSである、請求項4に記載の医薬。
- RTSが複合粒子RTS,Sの形態である、請求項5に記載の医薬。
- RTS,Sの量が25μg/用量である、請求項6に記載の医薬。
- アジュバントがTh1細胞応答の選択的刺激因子である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の医薬。
- アジュバントが3D-MPL、QS21または3D-MPLおよびQS21の組み合わせを含む、請求項8に記載の医薬。
- アジュバントが水中油型エマルジョンをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の医薬。
- アジュバントがリポソームをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の医薬。
- アジュバントが小児用量として製剤化される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬。
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CA2502268A1 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | Glaxosmithkline Biologicals S.A. | Methods for vaccinating against malaria |
US7550275B2 (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2009-06-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Expression, purification and uses of a Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen 1 polypeptide |
GB0420634D0 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2004-10-20 | Glaxosmithkline Biolog Sa | Vaccines |
RS52187B (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2012-10-31 | Crucell Holland B.V. | Vaccines for the induction and stimulation of the immune response for malaria |
GB0513421D0 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2005-08-03 | Glaxosmithkline Biolog Sa | Vaccines |
EP1754717A1 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-21 | Université de Lausanne | Antigenic peptides and their use |
JP5508266B2 (ja) | 2007-08-13 | 2014-05-28 | グラクソスミスクライン バイオロジカルズ ソシエテ アノニム | ワクチン |
WO2014111733A1 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | Isis Innovation Limited | Composition and uses thereof |
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DOP2010000056A (es) | 2010-07-31 |
CA2695477A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
EP2190470B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
CR11307A (es) | 2010-05-24 |
TW200924791A (en) | 2009-06-16 |
CL2008002361A1 (es) | 2009-08-07 |
AR067905A1 (es) | 2009-10-28 |
AP2010005166A0 (en) | 2010-02-28 |
EP2190470A1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
US9066899B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
MX2010001752A (es) | 2010-03-10 |
TR201802221T4 (tr) | 2018-03-21 |
ES2658347T3 (es) | 2018-03-09 |
ZA201001029B (en) | 2011-04-28 |
WO2009021931A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
US20110212159A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
AU2008288508B2 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
UY31285A1 (es) | 2009-03-31 |
CN101820901A (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
NZ583150A (en) | 2012-05-25 |
AU2008288508A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
KR20100068390A (ko) | 2010-06-23 |
JP2010535836A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
BRPI0815199A2 (pt) | 2015-03-31 |
MA31693B1 (fr) | 2010-09-01 |
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