JP5379039B2 - 排ガス浄化装置及び排ガス浄化方法 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置及び排ガス浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5379039B2 JP5379039B2 JP2010030843A JP2010030843A JP5379039B2 JP 5379039 B2 JP5379039 B2 JP 5379039B2 JP 2010030843 A JP2010030843 A JP 2010030843A JP 2010030843 A JP2010030843 A JP 2010030843A JP 5379039 B2 JP5379039 B2 JP 5379039B2
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- honeycomb
- exhaust gas
- honeycomb filter
- catalyst body
- filter
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Description
図1は、本発明の排ガス浄化装置の一実施形態のセルの延びる方向の中心軸を含む断面を模式的に示す断面図である。図2は、本発明の排ガス浄化装置の一実施形態を構成するハニカム触媒体を模式的に示す斜視図である。図3は、本発明の排ガス浄化装置の一実施形態を構成するハニカムフィルタを模式的に示す斜視図である。
本実施形態の排ガス浄化装置を構成するハニカム触媒体は、図2に示すように、第一のハニカム構造体13、及び第一のハニカム構造体13の隔壁11に担持された三元触媒を備えたものである。
第一のハニカム構造体(ハニカム触媒体用のハニカム構造体)は、図2に示すように、排ガスの流路となる流入側の端面15から流出側の端面16まで延びる複数のセル12を区画形成する隔壁11を有するものである。なお、図2に示す第一のハニカム構造体は、最外周に位置する外周壁17を有するものである。
以下、第一のハニカム構造体の製造方法について説明する。
三元触媒は、排ガス中に含まれる炭化水素(HC)、一酸化炭素(CO)、窒素酸化物(NOX)を主に浄化する触媒である。
本実施形態の排ガス浄化装置を構成するハニカムフィルタは、図3に示すように、第二のハニカム構造体23、及び第二のハニカム構造体23のセル22の開口端部を互い違いに封止する目封止部24を備えたものである。
第二のハニカム構造体(ハニカムフィルタ用のハニカム構造体)は、排ガスの流路となる流入側の端面25から流出側の端面26まで延びる複数のセル22を区画形成する隔壁21を有するものである。なお、図3に示す第二のハニカム構造体は、最外周に位置する外周壁27を有するものである。なお、第二のハニカム構造体は、第一のハニカム構造体の製造方法と同様の方法により製造することができる。
ハニカムフィルタ20に形成される目封止部24は、流入側の開口端部が封止されたセル(流出セル22b)と流出側の開口端部が封止されたセル(流入セル22a)とが交互に配置されるように第二のハニカム構造体23のセル22の開口端部を互い違いに封止するものである。
ハニカムフィルタは、その隔壁に、粒子状物質を燃焼させるため、酸化触媒が更に担持されていても良い。ハニカムフィルタの隔壁に酸化触媒が担持されることにより、ハニカムフィルタ内の粒子状物質を更に燃焼し易くし、圧力損失の増大を抑制することができる。
本実施形態の排ガス浄化装置1を構成する缶体30は、図1に示すように、エンジン排気マニホルドの出口側に接続される流入口31、及び流入口31から流入した排ガスを流出する流出口32を有し、ハニカム触媒体10及びハニカムフィルタ20をその内部のガス通路内に保持する筒状のものである。なお、図示はしないが、通常、缶体30の流入口31には、エンジン排気マニホルドの出口に接続された排気管が接続されており、流出口32には、マフラー等が接続された別の排気管が接続されている。
以下、本発明の排ガス浄化方法の一実施形態について、図4を参照し、詳細に説明する。なお、図4は、本発明の排ガス浄化方法の一実施形態を説明する模式図であり、排ガス浄化装置を構成するハニカム触媒体及びハニカムフィルタのセルの延びる方向の中心軸を含む断面を示す図である。
〔ハニカム触媒体(A)の作製方法〕
セラミックス原料として、アルミナ、水酸化アルミニウム、カオリン、タルク、及びシリカを混合したコージェライト化原料100質量部に対して、分散媒として水35質量部、有機バインダとしてヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース6質量部、分散剤としてエチレングリコール0.5質量部をそれぞれ添加し、混合、混練して坏土を調製した。
坏土の原材料に、造孔材として平均粒子径15μmのコークス13質量部を更に添加したこと以外は、ハニカム触媒体の場合と同様にして坏土を調製した。
上述の作製方法で作製したハニカム触媒体(A)及びハニカムフィルタ(B)を、ハニカム触媒体(A)が上流側となるように配置すると共に、セラミック繊維製マットを把持材として、缶体に圧入し、固定することによって、実施例1の排ガス浄化装置を作製した。
ハニカム触媒体及びハニカムフィルタの隔壁の気孔率及び平均細孔径は、水銀ポロシメータ(商品名「Auto Pore III 型式9405」、Micromeritics社製)を使用して測定した。
各実施例の排ガス浄化装置を、2.0L直噴ガソリンエンジンを搭載した乗用車の排気系に装着した。この乗用車を使用し、シャシダイナモによる車両試験として、欧州規制運転モードで運転した際の、排ガス中の炭化水素(HC)、一酸化炭素(CO)、窒素酸化物(NOX)の排出量を測定した。測定したこれらの排出量が全てEURO5規制値を下回った場合を合格と評価し、表中「合」で示し、それ以外の場合を不合格と評価し、表中「否」で示した。
上述の「浄化率の評価」における車両試験と同様の車両試験を行った際の、排ガス中の粒子状物質排出個数(個/km)をEURO6規制案に沿った方法で測定した。測定した粒子状物質排出個数が6×1011個/km以下であった場合を合格と評価し、表中「合」で示し、それ以外の場合を不合格と評価し、表中「否」で示した。
上述の「浄化率の評価」において使用した乗用車の排気系に、セル密度が93セル/cm2であり、隔壁の厚さが0.076mmであり、底面の直径が105.7mmであり、長さが114mmである円筒形状のフロースルー型ハニカム構造体を装着した。この乗用車を使用し、シャシダイナモによる車両試験として、フルロード運転した際の圧力損失を測定し、この測定値を基準値とした。次に、各実施例の排ガス浄化装置を装着した乗用車を使用して、基準値を測定した方法と同様の方法で車両試験を行い、フルロード運転した際の圧力損失を測定した。各実施例の測定値の、基準値に対する増加量が10kPa未満である場合を合格と評価し、表中「合」で示し、増加量が10kPa以上である場合を不合格と評価し、表中「否」で示した。
「浄化率の評価」、「粒子状物質排出個数(個/km)の評価」、及び「圧力損失の評価」の評価が全て合格「合」であった場合を合格と判定し、表中「合」で示し、それ以外の場合を不合格と判定し、表中「否」で示した。
表1に示す、ハニカム触媒体(A)の「外径」、「長さ」、「長さ/外径」、「セル密度」、「隔壁の厚さ」、「気孔率」、「平均細孔径」、「触媒コート量」、及び「貴金属量」、並びに表2に示す、ハニカムフィルタ(B)の「外径」、「長さ」、「長さ/外径」、「セル密度」、「隔壁の厚さ」、「気孔率」、「平均細孔径」、「触媒コート量」、及び「貴金属量」とすると共に、表3に示す「LA/LB」、「LB/DB」、「セル密度ρA:ρB」、「AとBの配置」、及び「距離L」としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして各実施例及び比較例の排ガス浄化装置を作製した。これらの排ガス浄化装置について、実施例1と同様の方法で各特性の評価をし、結果を表3に示した。
次に、貯留させた酸化触媒コート用スラリーに、実施例1のハニカムフィルタ(B)の作製方法により作製したハニカムフィルタ(B)の流入側の端部を浸漬し、流出側の端部より真空吸引することにより、酸化触媒を隔壁表面にコートした。この酸化触媒をコートしたハニカムフィルタ(B)を乾燥させ、600℃で3時間焼成させることにより、酸化触媒を担持させたハニカムフィルタ(B)を作製した。
表4及び表5に示すように、排ガス浄化装置をエンジンからの「距離L」が「1200(mm)」となるように設置したこと以外は、実施例20と同様の排ガス浄化装置を使用して各評価を行った。これらの結果を表5に示した。
Claims (8)
- 排ガスの流路となる流入側の端面から流出側の端面まで延びる複数のセルを区画形成する隔壁を有する第一のハニカム構造体、及び前記第一のハニカム構造体の前記隔壁に担持された三元触媒を備えたハニカム触媒体と、
排ガスの流路となる流入側の端面から流出側の端面まで延びる複数のセルを区画形成する隔壁を有する第二のハニカム構造体、及び流入側の開口端部が封止されたセルと流出側の開口端部が封止されたセルとが交互に配置されるように前記第二のハニカム構造体の前記セルの開口端部を互い違いに封止する目封止部を備えたハニカムフィルタと、
エンジン排気マニホルドの出口側に接続される流入口、及び前記流入口から流入した排ガスを流出する流出口を有し、前記ハニカム触媒体及び前記ハニカムフィルタをその内部のガス通路内に保持する筒状の缶体と、から構成されてなり、
前記ハニカム触媒体が前記缶体の前記流入口側に位置し、前記ハニカムフィルタが前記缶体の前記流出口側に位置すると共に、前記ハニカム触媒体の前記流入側の端面が前記缶体の前記流入口側を向き、前記ハニカムフィルタの前記流出側の端面が前記缶体の前記流出口側を向くように、前記缶体の内部に配置され、且つ、
前記ハニカム触媒体の前記セルの延びる方向の長さが、前記ハニカムフィルタの前記セルの延びる方向の長さに対して2.0〜10.0倍の長さであり、前記ハニカムフィルタの前記セルの延びる方向の長さが、前記ハニカムフィルタの外径に対して0.1〜0.5倍の長さであり、前記ハニカム触媒体のセル密度が前記ハニカムフィルタのセル密度より大である排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記ハニカム触媒体及び前記ハニカムフィルタが、前記ハニカム触媒体の前記セルの延びる方向の中心軸と前記ハニカムフィルタの前記セルの延びる方向の中心軸とが同一直線上となるように、前記缶体の内部に配置された請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記ハニカム触媒体が、前記ハニカム触媒体1Lあたりに、100〜400gの前記三元触媒が担持されたものであり、且つ、前記ハニカムフィルタが、前記ハニカムフィルタ1Lあたりに、0〜60gの酸化触媒が担持されたものである請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記ハニカム触媒体が、前記隔壁の厚さが0.051〜0.102mmであると共に、セル密度が62.0〜186セル/cm2である前記第一のハニカム構造体を有し、且つ、前記ハニカムフィルタが、前記隔壁の厚さが0.127〜0.508mmであると共に、セル密度が7.75〜46.5セル/cm2である前記第二のハニカム構造体を有する請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記ハニカム触媒体が、前記隔壁の気孔率が20〜50%である前記第一のハニカム構造体を有し、且つ、前記ハニカムフィルタが、前記隔壁の気孔率が35〜80%であると共に、前記隔壁の平均細孔径が7〜40μmである前記第二のハニカム構造体を有する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記ハニカム触媒体の前記セルの延びる方向の長さが、前記ハニカム触媒体の外径に対して、0.5〜1.5倍の長さである請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記ハニカム触媒体と前記ハニカムフィルタとの間に1〜30mmの隙間が設けられている請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化装置を、前記エンジン排気マニホルドの出口から、前記缶体の下流側に配置された前記ハニカムフィルタの前記流出側の端面までの距離が1m以下となるように設置して、前記エンジン排気マニホルドから排出された排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化方法。
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