JP5284290B2 - ウイルス様粒子の精製 - Google Patents
ウイルス様粒子の精製 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5284290B2 JP5284290B2 JP2009553820A JP2009553820A JP5284290B2 JP 5284290 B2 JP5284290 B2 JP 5284290B2 JP 2009553820 A JP2009553820 A JP 2009553820A JP 2009553820 A JP2009553820 A JP 2009553820A JP 5284290 B2 JP5284290 B2 JP 5284290B2
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Description
本出願は、2007年3月14日に出願された米国仮出願第60/906,821号の優先権の利益を請求するものである。
本発明は、契約番号DAMD17−01−C−0400およびW81XWH−05−C−0135の、米陸軍医学研究司令部からの政府支援を伴って得られたものである。政府は、本発明に対する一定の権利を有し得る。
本特許を通して引用される全ての刊行物および特許出願は、それぞれの刊行物または特許/特許出願が、参照によりその全体が組み込まれるように具体的かつ個々に指定される場合と同程度に、参照により組み込まれる。
本発明は、生物学的供給源物質からのウイルス様粒子(VLP)の精製に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、組換えVLPの完全性に不利益であり得る不純物および混入物質を除去するための手段としてのクロマトグラフィー法の利用、またはクロマトグラフィー法のその後の利用に関する。
本発明の実施においては、当業者の技術の範囲内である、分子生物学、タンパク質分析、および微生物学の技術を用いる。このような技術は、例えば、Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Ausubelら編、John Wiley & Sons,New York,1995に全て説明されている。
清澄化段階の前に、洗浄剤で、または場合によっては洗浄剤およびヌクレアーゼで処理した後の細胞溶解調製物を処理して、大きな粒子物を除去することができる。これは、低速遠心分離または濾過を含む複数の手順によって行うことができる。用いるフィルターまたは膜のタイプ(すなわち、組成および孔サイズ)は、特定のVLPの精製にあたり当業者に知られているものである。
いくつかの実施形態において、クロマトグラフィー材料は、リン酸カルシウムベースの材料を含む。リン酸カルシウムベースの材料はヒドロキシアパタイトであり得る。様々なヒドロキシアパタイトクロマトグラフィー材料またはヒドロキシアパタイトクロマトグラフィー樹脂が市販されており、あらゆる利用可能な形態の材料を本発明の実施に用いることができる。本発明の一実施形態において、ヒドロキシアパタイトは結晶形態である。本発明に用いるヒドロキシアパタイトは、凝集して粒子を形成し、安定な多孔質のセラミック塊に高温で焼結されたものであり得る。
いくつかの実施形態において、クロマトグラフィー材料は疎水性相互作用材料を含む。疎水性相互作用材料は、メチル、エチル、t−ブチル、およびフェニルからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数の官能基を含み得る。
いくつかの実施形態において、クロマトグラフィー材料はサイズ排除材料を含み、ここで、サイズ排除材料は樹脂または膜である。本明細書において意図するように、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーは、主に分子のサイズに基づく分子の分離を伴う。サイズ排除に用いるマトリックスは、好ましくは、架橋した多糖の複合物、例えば、球状ビーズの形態をした、架橋したアガロースおよび/またはデキストランであり得る、不活性なゲル媒質である。架橋の程度により、膨潤ゲルビーズ内に存在する孔のサイズが決まる。一定のサイズより大きい分子はゲルビーズの中に入らず、したがって、最も速くクロマトグラフィー床を移動する。自らのサイズおよび形状に従って様々な程度でゲルビーズ内に入る、洗浄剤、タンパク質、DNAなどの、より小さい分子は、床の移動が遅い。したがって、分子は通常、分子のサイズが減少するほど溶出される。
陰イオン交換クロマトグラフィーは、不活性なポリマー骨格に共有結合で架橋した、正に帯電した有機部分を用いる。ポリマー骨格は、樹脂の支持体として用いられる。代表的な有機部分は、第1級、第2級、第3級、および第四級のアミノ基、例えば、トリメチルアミノエチル(TMAE)、ジエチルアミノエチル(DEAE)、ジメチルアミノエチル(DMAE)、および、約5から約9のpH範囲内の正の形式電荷を既に有しているかまたは有するであろう、ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)などの他の基から選択される。
陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーでは、負の官能基群を不溶性支持媒質に結合させる。したがって、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー媒質は、インキュベーション期間が、正に帯電した群が負に帯電した陽イオン交換体媒質に結合し、それと平衡することを可能にするために十分な時間である場合に、正の対イオンを結合する。中性の分子および陰イオンは、陽イオン交換媒質に結合しない。正味の正の電荷を有する種が静電気的に結合した後、陽イオン媒質を洗浄して、結合していない分子を媒質から除去する。次に、結合したイオンを、陽イオンの濃度を上昇させて媒質を洗浄するか、または媒質のpHを変化させることにより、溶出する。開示された発明は、当技術分野で周知の多くの支持媒質に結合した、あらゆるスルホ、ホスホルカルボキシ(phosphor carboxy)、またはカルボキシメチルベースの陽イオン交換樹脂などの、様々な陽イオン交換樹脂を用いることを意図するものである。
いくつかの実施形態において、クロマトグラフィー材料はアフィニティークロマトグラフィー材料を含む。アフィニティークロマトグラフィー材料は、抗体、染料樹脂、および金属を含み得る。乾燥樹脂は、シバクロムブルーまたはポリミキシンであり得る。
ヒドロキシアパタイトクロマトグラフィーおよび疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィーを、VLPの分離のために共に用いることが可能であることが発見されているが、上述したように、本発明の精製方法は、他のタンパク質精製技術と組み合わせて用いることができる。本発明の一実施形態において、ヒドロキシアパタイト段階の前の1つまたは複数の段階が、混入物質または不純物の添加負荷を減少させるために望ましい場合がある。本発明の別の実施形態において、疎水性相互作用段階の後の1つまたは複数の精製段階が、さらなる混入物質または不純物を除去するために望ましい場合がある。
方法の概要
精製プロセスは3つのクロマトグラフィー段階からなる。段階は、高度に精製されたVLPを生成する、拡張性のあるプロセスをもたらす、直交的メカニズムを用いる。精製の最初の段階は、Bio−Radヒドロキシアパタイト(CHT)樹脂を用いる捕捉段階である。CHT段階ではノーウォークのVLPを濃縮し、媒質の構成要素を除去し、生成物をリン酸緩衝液に交換する。図1に示すように、硫酸アンモニウムの添加の後、メチル疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HIC)により精製の大部分が得られる。3番目のクロマトグラフィー段階は、流入モードで実施されるDEAEイオン交換クロマトグラフィーである。用いた条件の下では、NowalkのVLPはカラムに結合せず、残った混入物質(エンドトキシン、核酸、およびタンパク質)が保持される。精製プロセスにおける最後の段階は、注入のためにリン酸緩衝液を水で置き換える限外濾過である。バルク薬物材料(NorwalkのVLP)を0.5から1.5mg/mLの懸濁液として2〜8℃で保存する。
15Lの発酵により10Lの調整媒質が生じる。以下に記載する精製プロセスは、5Lを扱うために設計されたものである。10L全体を精製するためには、5Lのそれぞれを用いる2回の作業を2週間の期間にわたって実施する。
方法の概要
ヒューストンの精製プロセスもまた、高度に精製されたVLPを生成する、拡張性のあるプロセスをもたらす、直行のメカニズムを用いる。HA、HIC、および陰イオン交換を用いるノーウォークの精製プロセスとは対照的に、本発明者らは、2つのカラムプロセスが遺伝子群II.4ヒューストンウイルスVLPに良好に作用することを見出す。
部分的に精製されたヒューストンVLP調製物を、1mLのアリコートに分けた。硫酸アンモニウムをそれぞれのアリコートに添加して、10%から35%(w/v)の最終濃度とした。試料を回転器内に置き、4℃で一晩、回転させて混合した。沈殿の兆候について、試料を視覚的に検査した。20μLのアリコートを取り出し、「Amm懸濁液」とラベル表示した。硫酸アンモニウム緩衝液を14000×gで10分間、室温で遠心分離した。得られた上清を取り出し、「Amm Supt」とラベル表示した。沈殿したペレットをクエン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)内に溶解し、回転器内に置き、4℃で2時間、回転させて混合した。試料を14000×gで10分間、遠心分離した。得られた上清を取り出し、「クエン酸 supt」とラベル表示した。図20は、精製プロセスにわたって異なる時点で採取した試料の、銀染色したSDS−PAGEゲルを示す。「クエン酸 supt」レーンの2つのバンドは、精製ヒューストンVLPを反映している。
ヒューストンVLPの精製プロセス
SF9細胞の1リットルの懸濁培養物を、1.7×107個細胞/mLの密度まで増殖させ、ヒューストンVP1配列をコードする組換えバキュロウイルスストックで0.5pfu/細胞のMOI(感染多重度)で感染させた。感染は、20%未満の生存率となることを可能にするものであった(図22、レーン2)。ヒューストンVLPを以下の方法で採取し、精製し、遠心分離した。VLPを沈殿させるために、培養物のpHを、HClを用いて5.5まで下げた(レーン3)。次に、pH5.5の培養物を1000×gで5分間、室温で遠心分離した。上清(レーン4)をデカンテーションし、廃棄した。次に、残りのペレットを、20mMのトリス、50mMのNaCl、10mMのEDTA内に、pH8で再懸濁した(レーン5)。次に、再懸濁したペレットを、1000×gで5分間、遠心分離した。上清をデカンテーションし、「ヒューストンVLP抽出物」とラベル表示した(レーン6)。沈殿プロセスにより、レーン2の開始物質で見られる複数のバンドと比較して、レーン6の単一のバンドにより示されるように、純度が顕著に向上した(図22)。
ヒューストンVLPについて上記に概説したVLPの採取プロセスを、GII.4ローレンスウイルスから得たVP1配列をコードする組換えバキュロウイルスストックに感染したSF9培養物に適用し、ローレンスVLP抽出物を得た(図23、レーン11)。再懸濁したペレットを水で1:2に希釈し、Q100膜上に添加した。移動相緩衝液は20mMのトリス(pH6.8)であり、溶出緩衝液は20mMのトリス、1MのNaCl(pH6.8)であった。図23のレーン2から10は、Q100膜からの段階的な勾配溶出にわたって回収された画分を示す。VLPは40%溶出緩衝液画分内に溶出した(レーン5〜8)。ヒューストンで見られたように、ローレンスVLPは、pH調節およびキャプチャークロマトグラフィーを用いて精製および濃縮し得る。
VLP精製手順をさらに最適化するために、ノロウイルスGIおよびGII株から得られたVLPの安定性を、約pH2から約pH10のpH範囲に暴露した。
塩の添加によるVLPの沈殿で見られた方法(実施例3)と同様の方法で、VLPの選択的な沈殿および可溶化をもたらすためにポリエチレングリコールなどの他の添加剤を用いることによって、同様の結果が生じ得る。
Claims (17)
- 多段階クロマトグラフィープロセスを用いてカリシウイルスのウイルス様粒子(VLP)を精製する方法であって、
(a)前記VLPを含む細胞溶解物または培養上清をイオン交換クロマトグラフィー材料と接触させる工程であって、前記VLPは前記イオン交換クロマトグラフィー材料に結合する、工程と、
(b)前記イオン交換クロマトグラフィーから溶出された前記VLPを、疎水性相互作用材料と接触させる工程であって、前記VLPは前記疎水性相互作用材料に結合する、工程と、
(c)前記疎水性相互作用材料から前記VLPを溶出させる工程であって、前記VLPは約70%超に精製される、工程と、
を含む方法。 - 前記疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー材料がメチルHIC樹脂である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- VLPが保持され、混入物質が前記疎水性相互作用材料を通過するように、工程(b)におけるVLPを含む溶液のイオン強度が調節される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン強度が硫酸アンモニウムの添加によって調節される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 工程(c)からの前記溶出液を、1以上のさらなる精製工程に供する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記1以上のさらなる精製工程が、濾過、沈殿、蒸発、蒸留、乾燥、ガス吸収、溶媒抽出、加圧抽出、吸着、結晶化、遠心分離、クロマトグラフィー、及びこれらの組合せからなる群より選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記組合せが、クロマトグラフィーと濾過の組合せである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記VLPは約90%超に精製される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カリシウイルスのVLPはノロウイルスのVLPである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ノロウイルスのVLPはノロウイルス遺伝子群IのVLPである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞溶解物または前記培養上清は、組換え法を用いて生成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記VLPは、細菌細胞、昆虫細胞、酵母細胞、または哺乳類細胞において生成される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 宿主細胞DNA含有量の混入物質レベルが1%未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 宿主細胞タンパク質含有量の混入物質レベルが5%未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1の方法によって調製された前記VLPを含むワクチン。
- 前記イオン交換クロマトグラフィー材料は、陽イオン交換体を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン交換クロマトグラフィー材料は、陰イオン交換体を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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US10172930B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
WO2008113011A3 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
JP2017086090A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
SG10201701988TA (en) | 2017-04-27 |
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EP2134360A2 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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AU2008224877A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
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