JP5246990B2 - Method for extracting / collecting antioxidant components contained in plants - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for extracting or collecting antioxidant components contained in plant cell walls.

SOD (superoxide dismutase) is an important enzyme that eliminates active oxygen (superoxide radical anion O ²⁻ ) harmful to the human body. SOD is made in the body and controls the active oxygen generated in the body, but the function to create SOD decreases with age, and when the amount of SOD in the body decreases, skin aging, cancer, stroke, rheumatism It comes to bring various obstacles such as.

  For this reason, research and development of SOD-containing foods or drugs have been continued as effective methods for taking SOD from foods and outside the body. Conventionally, natural plants have been attracting attention as materials for SOD-containing foods or medicines. Plants have substances in their tissues that protect the tissues from active oxygen, so they can grow without being affected by the generation of active oxygen in the tissues when exposed to direct sunlight. be able to.

  In particular, rice and wheat have strong vitality and do not wither even when sprayed with a herbicide such as paraquat that generates a large amount of active oxygen. In particular, since turf is a plant of the rice family, it can withstand a large amount of herbicide spraying like rice and wheat. Ingredients that are contained in such plants and that work effectively to remove active oxygen are usually referred to as “antioxidant components”, and they function in the same way as SOD with regard to the removal of active oxygen. It is said.

  As antioxidant components, for example, flavonoids, carotene, vitamin C, B2, tannin, polyphenols, and the like are known. Therefore, if these antioxidant components contained in the plant can be extracted effectively, the extracted antioxidant components should be consumed to compensate for the decrease in SOD of the human body and used for medicine, food, cosmetics, etc. is there.

  Conventionally, various methods have been proposed as a method for extracting antioxidant components contained in plants. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a conventional method for extracting an active oxygen-suppressing composition from brown rice flour, soybean flour, green tea powder, roasted plant seeds, and germs. And a method for extracting the leaves, branches, stems and roots to room temperature or heated water and an organic solvent as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-318151. Compared with the case of the above, the active oxygen scavenging composition which uses the water and / or organic-solvent extract of each of white crane reishi and green tea leaves as an active ingredient is proposed.

  In addition, there are various known methods for extracting antioxidant components contained in plant tissues such as those using shiitake mushrooms and those using kinkoki grass as raw materials, but the antioxidant components in plant materials are extracted. As a method, most are methods of eluting the antioxidant component in the liquid. In fact, many antioxidant components contained in rice, wheat, turf and other plants are contained in the hard cell walls of plants and have a polymer structure in which many polysaccharides are firmly connected. does not melt easily.

However, even with such a polymer component, it is possible to make the cell wall easy to dissolve in water by crushing the cell wall to below the cell size, but the component eluted in the liquid is an antioxidant component contained in the plant tissue In order to enhance the utility of the antioxidant component eluted in the liquid, it must be concentrated.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-143091 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-128688 Japanese Patent No. 2939206

  The problem to be solved is that even if the cell wall is crushed to below the cell size, the antioxidant component eluted in the water is only a part of the antioxidant component contained in the cell wall, and its concentration is low and active as it is The oxygen scavenging ability has its own limit.

The present invention does not use high-temperature and high-pressure hot water in the subcritical water region, but hydrolyzes plant materials under saturated steam pressure at a temperature heated for a certain time in a closed treatment chamber. The greatest feature is that the polymer structure of the cell wall is cut, the antioxidant component contained in the cell wall is released, and the cell wall is efficiently extracted / collected into the cell tissue fluid extracted by the destruction of the cell wall.

According to the present invention, the plant raw material is directly heated to evaporate the water content of the plant raw material itself, hydrolyze the plant raw material with the water vapor, destroy the plant cell wall by hydrolysis, and resist the polymer structure of the cell wall. The oxidized component is released, and the released antioxidant component is taken into the water vapor containing intracellular components emitted from the plant raw material and into the solid material of the plant raw material generated in the processing chamber, and the water vapor is cooled to cool the liquid and solid Since it is recovered as a product, it does not contain excess water beyond the water content of the plant, and therefore the extraction / collection efficiency of the antioxidant component is high. In addition, since high-temperature and high-pressure hot water in the subcritical water region is not used, an antioxidant component having a high concentration and a high antioxidant scavenging ability can be obtained without alteration of the extracted / collected plant tissue components.

  The purpose of extracting / collecting antioxidant components efficiently without altering plant tissue components without supplying external hot water in the subcritical water region is to Realized by hydrolyzing plant tissue under saturated water vapor pressure and extracting / collecting antioxidant components released from the macromolecular structure of the plant cell wall into water vapor and solid product in the processing chamber by hydrolysis .

  FIG. 1 is an external view of an antioxidant component extraction apparatus used for carrying out the method for extracting / collecting antioxidant components contained in the cell wall of a plant according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 schematically shows the outline of the apparatus. FIG. In FIG. 2, the antioxidant component composition extraction apparatus comprises a combination of a processing chamber 1, an extraction pipe 2, a cooling tower 3, and a circulation pump 4. The processing chamber 1 is a kettle that performs hydrolysis treatment by heating the plant raw material introduced therein, and the outer wall thereof is equipped with a heater 5, and the extraction tube is disposed between the processing chamber 1 and the cooling tower 3. 2 are connected.

  The extraction pipe 2 is a circulation pipe that connects between the lower steam return port 6 of the processing chamber 1 and the upper steam outlet 7, and the cooling tower 3 is connected in the pipe, and the circulation pump 4 is It is connected in the pipe line on the upstream side of the cooling tower 3. Further, the processing chamber 1 has a plant raw material inlet 8 and a discharge port 9, and a stirring blade 10 for stirring the plant raw material introduced into the tank while rotating about a vertical axis is provided therein. Equipped.

  The cooling tower 3 is a heat exchanger that cools the air (steam) in the extraction pipe 2, and the circulation pump 4 forcibly blows the water vapor in the processing chamber 1 to the cooling tower 3 after hydrolysis of the plant raw material. Is.

Next, a procedure for extracting the antioxidant component contained in the cell wall from the plant raw material using the above extraction apparatus will be described below. For plant raw materials, for example, a plant containing as much as possible an antioxidant component such as flavonoid, carotene, vitamin C, B2, tannin, polyphenol, etc. is selected in the cell wall, the cell wall is destroyed, and the antioxidant component Is extracted from the cell wall, and the antioxidant component extracted by the destruction of the cell wall is extracted / collected by being taken into the solid material of the plant raw material generated in the treatment chamber by the water vapor containing cell tissue fluid and hydrolysis treatment . Extraction / collection of the antioxidant component is performed by sequentially performing a hydrolysis process and a cooling process following the raw material charging process.
FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an antioxidant component extraction / collection method according to the present invention.

(1) Raw material charging process The raw material charging process is a process in which a plant raw material is charged into the processing chamber 1 and the processing chamber 1 is sealed (step S1). As the plant raw material, a plant known to have a high content of antioxidant components (SOD-like active components) is selected. For example, grasses such as rice grass, ginseng turf, bent turf and rice wheat are particularly effective.

  In the present invention, in principle, the moisture contained in the plant material is used as it is, and the cooling treatment is performed following heating and heating. However, if the amount of moisture contained in the plant material is small, an amount of 20% or less is necessary. Of water can be added.

(2) Hydrolysis treatment In the hydrolysis treatment, the plant raw material in the treatment chamber 1 is heated in the range of 130 ° C to 150 ° C to evaporate water contained in the plant raw material, and the plant raw material is kept in the water vapor atmosphere for a certain period of time. Exposure to destroy the cell wall tissue of the plant material, release the antioxidant component contained in the cell wall from the polymer structure of the cell wall, and the antioxidant component released from the plant material in the water vapor generated by the plant material itself and in the cell wall This is a treatment for incorporating the solid material of the plant material whose tissue has been destroyed . After the plant raw material is charged into the processing chamber 1, the charging port 8 is closed, a timer is set, the heater 5 is energized, and the processing chamber 1 is heated to 130 ° C. to 150 ° C. (step S2). The pressure in the processing chamber 1 is maintained at the saturated water vapor pressure at the heating temperature. Further, the stirring blade 10 is rotationally driven about once every fixed interval (for example, 2 seconds) to stir the raw material in the processing chamber 1.

Original saturated steam pressure at the temperature heated over a period of time in this state, exposed to plant material in an atmosphere of steam generated in the processing chamber 1 while heating the plant material at 130 ° C. to 150 DEG ° C., 130 Saturated water vapor at a heating temperature in the range of ℃ to 150 ° C. is allowed to act on the plant raw material to proceed with the hydrolysis treatment, and the plant raw material is subjected to the hydrolytic action of water vapor, so that the plant cell wall as shown in FIG. The cellulosic polymer structure is broken, and the plant cell walls and the components contained in the cells are released to be incorporated into water vapor and the solid product in the processing chamber.

  By the hydrolysis treatment, the treatment chamber 1 is filled with water vapor containing an antioxidant component released from the cell wall of the plant raw material. After the hydrolysis of the plant raw material has progressed and a predetermined time has elapsed, the power supply to the heater 5 is shut off to complete the hydrolysis process (step S3).

The time required for the hydrolysis treatment of the plant raw material is usually 5 to 8 hours, although it depends on the capacity of the treatment chamber 1. That is, when heated in a sealed processing chamber 1 at a temperature of 130 ° C. to 150 ° C., the plant raw material can be hydrolyzed within a few hours under a saturated water vapor pressure at the heating temperature. In the present invention, the purpose is to destroy the cell wall of the plant raw material and extract / collect the antioxidant component contained in the cell wall by hydrolysis treatment of the plant raw material. Is taken out together with antioxidant components in water vapor and in the solid material of the plant material produced in the treatment chamber. Intracellular components varies depending on the kind of the selected plant materials, liquid Ru normally active ingredients der plant called a tree-bamboo vinegar.

(3) Cooling treatment The cooling treatment is a treatment for extracting / collecting water vapor and antioxidant components contained in the solid material of the plant material generated in the treatment chamber by cooling the water vapor in the treatment chamber 1 after the hydrolysis treatment. It is. After the heating of the plant material is completed, the valves V1 and V2 of the extraction pipes on the delivery side and the return side are opened, the circulation pump 4 is started and water vapor in the processing chamber 1 is sucked into the extraction pipe 2 and passes through the cooling tower 3 The water vapor after drying and cooling is returned to the processing chamber 1 again, and the water vapor in the processing chamber 1 is circulated between the cooling tower 3 and the processing chamber 1. A part of the water vapor sent into the cooling tower 3 is cooled and the antioxidant component contained in the water vapor is condensed and extracted together with the intracellular components, and the component liquid is stored in the cooling tower 3 (step S4). .

The water vapor in the processing chamber 1 gradually decreases in temperature and pressure as the cooling process is repeated, and after confirming that the processing chamber 1 is at room temperature and normal pressure, the drain of the cooling tower 3 is opened. The component liquid extracted in the container is collected in the container, and the solid material of the plant raw material generated in the processing chamber 1 is discharged from the discharge port 9 and collected.
(Step S5).

In the present invention, hydrolysis is performed over several hours under a saturated steam pressure at a temperature of 130 ° C. to 150 ° C. heated for a certain time in a closed processing chamber, and is contained in the generated steam. Extracts antioxidant components. Although the extract contains intracellular components, it is usually not considered necessary to separate and remove this from the antioxidant components because the intracellular components are also considered to be effective components. and the inner component, may be recovered by separating the antioxidants.

Although the method of the present invention is naturally inferior to the method of pyrolyzing plant raw materials under a high-temperature, high-pressure subcritical water atmosphere such as 380 ° C. and 1.0 MPa, According to the above, since the cell wall does not receive a strong thermal decomposition action, the antioxidant can be effectively extracted without being decomposed together with the decomposition of the cell wall. In addition, in the present invention, since the antioxidant component is extracted / collected basically from the water vapor generated by evaporating the water held by the plant material and the solid material of the plant material generated in the treatment chamber, the component is diluted. Therefore, high concentration antioxidant components including intracellular components can be extracted / collected very efficiently without being concentrated. Moreover, it can be easily extracted even from plants that have conventionally been difficult to extract antioxidant components from the cell wall.

  In the present invention, in the raw material charging process, the processing chamber 1 includes a case where a 20% or less amount of water is charged together with the plant raw material. When water is added to plant materials, the amount of water vapor generated increases, naturally reducing the concentration of antioxidant components, but when the amount of water contained in plant materials is small, it is necessary to supplement the water to generate water vapor It is. In the hydrolysis treatment, the plant raw material must not be carbonized, and under high temperature and high pressure in the subcritical water region, the cells of the plant raw material itself are thermally decomposed, and the antioxidant component from the cell wall. Cannot be extracted effectively.

Experimental examples of the present invention are shown below.
The following experiment was carried out using a mixture of Bent turf leaf A, Gano turf leaf and wild turf leaf B, and K turf grass and wild turf mixture C containing leaves, stems and roots as samples. Each sample is finely pulverized, and the pulverized product is hydrolyzed by applying a water vapor pressure of 130 to 150 ° C. After cooling, 0.1 ml of xanthine / xanthine oxidase (XOD) is added to the stock solution of the condensed extract. And the change in the current value generated in the extract by addition of XOD was measured. As a measuring device, an active oxygen measuring device (HZ5000) manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd. was used.

  The measurement results are shown below. FIG. 5 is a blank, and shows a temporal change in the amount of active oxygen produced in the active oxygen system when XOD is added. As is apparent from the figure, if there is no substance that prevents the generation of active oxygen by adding XOD, the amount of active oxygen increases dramatically after about 80 seconds have elapsed since the start of measurement. Bent turf leaf A, Goryo turf leaf and wild turf leaf mixture B, leaf stalk, root turf mixture C and wild turf mixture C obtained respectively by hydrolysis and cooling treatment 0.1 ml (liter) of XOD was added to each extract, and the change in current generated in each extract was measured.

  The results are shown in FIGS. FIG. 6 shows an extract from bent turf leaves (Experiment A), FIG. 7 shows an extract from a mixture of Goose turf leaves and wild turf leaves (Experiment B), and FIG. 8 shows leaves and stems. The experimental result about the extract (experiment C) from the mixture of the ginseng and the grass which contains roots is shown. In the figure, P indicates the time when XOD was added to the sample. After 80 seconds from the start of measurement, XOD was added to the sample. Since the measurement conditions for each experiment are different, the mutual relationship between the measurement results of each experiment cannot be compared. However, in any of experiments A to C, the current value transiently changes at the time of addition of XOD. However, after the addition of XOD, the amount of active oxygen produced did not increase, but rather tended to decrease. This proved that the extract from the plant raw material used in the experiment has antioxidant ability.

  According to the method of the present invention, the antioxidant component contained in the cell wall of the plant can be extracted without alteration, and the antioxidant component contained in the extract has an excellent antioxidant ability. By taking the extract containing the obtained antioxidant component composition as a medicine or food, it can be expected not only to treat diseases but also to suppress the occurrence of spots and freckles, and to maintain beauty, health and prevent aging.

It is a conceptual diagram of the apparatus which implements the method of this invention. It is a block diagram of the apparatus which implements the method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flow of this invention method. It is a figure which shows the mode of decomposition | disassembly of a cellulose. It is a figure which shows the time change of the active oxygen production amount of the active oxygen system of XOD. It is a figure which shows the change of active oxygen when XOD is added to the extract from the leaf of bent turf. It is a figure which shows the change of an active oxygen when XOD is added to the extract from the mixture of a leaf of a Korean turf and a leaf of a wild turf. It is a figure which shows the change of an active oxygen when XOD is added to the extract from the mixture of the ginseng and the wild turf containing a leaf, a stem, and a root.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing chamber 2 Extraction pipe 3 Cooling tower 4 Circulation pump 5 Heater 6 Steam return port 7 Steam delivery port 8 Input port 9 Outlet port 10 Stirring blade

Claims (1)

A raw material charging process, the hydrolysis process, a method of extracting antioxidants contained in plants and a cooling process,
The raw material charging process is a process in which a plant raw material is put into a processing chamber and the processing chamber is sealed, and the processing chamber is a kettle for heating the plant raw material, and a circulation line is formed on the sending side and the return side of the processing chamber. Connected to the extraction pipe, a cooling tower is connected in the pipe, and a circulation pump is connected in the pipe upstream of the cooling tower,
In the hydrolysis treatment, the plant raw material in the processing chamber is heated in the range of 130 ° C. to 150 ° C. to evaporate the water contained in the plant raw material itself, and the processing chamber is maintained at the saturated water vapor pressure of the water vapor. The plant material is exposed for a certain period of time, the plant material is heated and the plant tissue is hydrolyzed under the saturated water vapor pressure of the heating temperature, and the antioxidant components released from the macromolecular structure of the plant cell wall by hydrolysis are converted into cells. It is a treatment to be taken into the solid material of the plant raw material generated in the treatment chamber with water vapor together with the internal components,
In the cooling process, after heating the plant raw material by hydrolysis, the valves on the extraction pipes on the delivery side and the return side are opened, the circulation pump is activated, and the water vapor in the processing chamber is sucked into the extraction pipe and passes through the cooling tower. The water vapor in the processing chamber is circulated between the cooling tower and the processing chamber, and the water vapor sent into the cooling tower is cooled to the water vapor. antioxidant components contained extracted with intracellular components, some extracts antioxidant components contained in the plant, which is a process of collecting incorporated into solid generated in the processing chamber / Collection method.

Images