JP5209161B2 - 腺維芽細胞成長受容体−3又は−2を発現する細胞を標的化するための方法 - Google Patents
腺維芽細胞成長受容体−3又は−2を発現する細胞を標的化するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5209161B2 JP5209161B2 JP2001541520A JP2001541520A JP5209161B2 JP 5209161 B2 JP5209161 B2 JP 5209161B2 JP 2001541520 A JP2001541520 A JP 2001541520A JP 2001541520 A JP2001541520 A JP 2001541520A JP 5209161 B2 JP5209161 B2 JP 5209161B2
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Description
本発明は一般的に、線維芽細胞成長因子−18成分を含む組成物により細胞の増殖を阻害するための方法に関する。特に、本発明は、線維芽細胞成長因子受容体−3又は線維芽細胞成長因子受容体−2を発現する細胞に細胞毒素を標的化するための方法に関する。
多発性骨髄腫は、アメリカ合衆国において毎年、ほぼ15,000人の新規患者を伴なって、第2の最も一般的な血液学的悪性を提供する(Henrickなど., Curr. Opin. Hematol. 5: 254 (1998))。前記疾病は、骨髄の10%以上を包含する血漿細胞の悪性増殖により特徴づけられる(George and Sadovsky, Am. Fam. Physician 59: 1885 (1999))。多発性骨髄腫細胞は、血清又は尿タンパク質電気泳動により同定され得るモノクローナル免疫グロブリンを生成する。最も一般的な臨床学的明示は、骨痛、虚弱及び疲労を包含する(Kyle, Pathol. Biol. (Paris) 47: 148 (1999))。
従って、多発性骨髄腫を処理するための改良された方法についての必要性がまだ存在する。
本発明は、線維芽細胞成長因子受容体−2又は−3を発現する細胞を標的化するための組成物を提供する。本発明はまた、そのような組成物を用いて、細胞増殖を阻害するための方法も提供する。本発明のそれらの及び他の観点は、次の詳細な記載に基づいて明白になるであろう。
1.概観:
線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)ファミリーは、一般的に、広範囲の細胞型のためにマイトジェンとして作用する、少なくとも18種の異なったメンバーから成る(Basilicoなど., Adv. Cancer Res. 59: 115 (1992); Fernig など., Prog. Growth Factor Res. 5: 353 (1994))。例えば、基本的FGF(また、FGF−2としても知られている)は、内皮細胞、血管平滑筋細胞、線維芽細胞及び一般的に、中胚葉又は神経外胚葉起源の細胞、例えば心臓及び骨格筋細胞のためにインビトロでマイトジェン性である(Gospodarowiczなど., J. Cell. Biol. 70: 395 (1976); Gospodarowiczなど., J. Cell. Biol. 89: 568 (1981); Kardami, J. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 92: 124 (1990))。
FGF−18標的化組成物は、お互い共有結合される、FGF−18成分及び細胞毒素を含むことができる。例えば、FGF−18標的化組成物は、FGF−18接合体を含むことができる。FGF−18接合体の1つの例は、FGF−18−サポリン接合体である。
もう1つの変法においては、FGF−18標的化組成物は、FGF−18標的化リポソームを含んで成る。
本発明の追加の観点が下記に記載される。
次の記載においては、多くの用語が広範囲に使用される。次の定義は、本発明の理解を促進するために提供される。
本明細書において使用される場合、“核酸”又は“核酸分子”とは、ポリヌクレオチド、例えばデオキシリボ核酸(DNA)又はリボ核酸(RNA)、オリゴヌクレオチド、ポリメラーゼ鎖反応(PCR)により生成されるフラグメント、及び連結、切断、エンドヌクレアーゼ作用及びエキソヌクレアーゼ作用のいずれかにより生成されるフラグメントを言及する。核酸分子は、天然に存在するヌクレオチド(例えばDNA及びRNA)、又は天然に存在するヌクレオチドの類似体(例えば天然に存在するヌクレオチドのα−鏡像異性体形)、又は両者の組み合わせであるモノマーから構成され得る。
用語“コンチグ(contig )”とは、他の核酸分子に対する一連の連続した同一の又は相補的な配列を有する核酸分子を示す。連続した配列とは、核酸分子の全体において、又はその一部に沿って、一定の長さの核酸分子を“オーバーラップ”すると言われる。例えば、ポリヌクレオチド配列5’ ATGGAGCTT 3’に対する代表的なコンチグは、5’ AGCTTgagt 3’及び3’ tcgacTACC 5’である。
“単離された核酸分子”とは、生物のゲノムDNAに組み込まれない核酸分子である。例えば、細胞のゲノムDNAから分離された成長因子をコードするDNA分子が、単離されたDNA分子である。単離された核酸分子のもう1つの例は、生物のゲノムに組み込まれない、化学的に合成された核酸分子である。特定の種から単離された核酸分子は、その種からの染色体の完全なDNA分子よりも小さい。
“線状DNA”とは、遊離5’及び3’及び末端を有する非環状DNA分子を示す。線状DNAは、閉環DNA分子、例えばプラスミドから、酵素消化又は物理的な破壊により調製され得る。
“調節要素”は、コアプロモーターの活性を調節するヌクレオチド配列である。例えば、調節要素は、特定の細胞、組織又はオルガネラにおいて独占的に又は選択的に転写を可能にする細胞因子と結合するヌクレオチド配列を含むことができる。それらのタイプの調節要素は通常、“細胞−特異的”、“組織−特異的”、又は“オルガネラ−特異的”態様で発現される遺伝子に結合されている。
“エンハンサー”は、転写の開始部位に対してエンハンサーの距離又は配向に関係なく、転写の効率を高めることができるタイプの調節要素である。
“タンパク質”は、1又は複数のポリペプチド鎖を含んで成る高分子である。タンパク質はまた、非ペプチド成分、例えば炭水化物基を含むことができる。炭水化物及び他の非ペプチド置換基は、タンパク質が生成される細胞により付加され、そして細胞型により変化するであろう。タンパク質は、それらのアミノ酸主鎖により本明細書において定義され;置換基、例えば炭水化物基は一般的に、特定されないが、しかしそれにもかかわらず、存在することができる。
“組み込まれた遺伝子要素”とは、その要素がヒト操作を通して細胞中に導入された後、宿主細胞の染色体中に組み込まれているDNAのセグメントである。本発明においては、組み込まれた遺伝子要素は通常、エレクトロポレーション又は他の技法により細胞中に導入される線状化されたプラスミドに由来する。組み込まれた遺伝子要素は、元の宿主細胞からその子孫に通過される。
“インテグレイティブ組換え体”は、異種DNAが細胞ゲノムDNA中に組み込まれるようになる組換え宿主細胞である。
用語“発現”とは、遺伝子生成物の生合成を言及する。例えば、構造遺伝子においては、発現はmRNAへの構造遺伝子の転写及び1又は複数のポリペプチドへのmRNAの翻訳を包含する。
“抗体フラグメント”は、抗体の一部、例えばF(ab')2,F(ab)2,Fab',Aab及び同様のものである。構造に関係なく、抗体フラグメントは、損なわれていない抗体により認識される同じ抗原と結合する。例えば、抗−FGF−18モノクローナル抗体フラグメントは、FGF−18のエピトープと結合する。
“キメラ抗体”は、囓歯動物抗体に由来する種々のドメイン及び相補的決定領域を含む組換えタンパク質であるが、ところが抗体分子の残りはヒト抗体に由来する。
“親和性標識”とは、第2ポリペプチドの精製又は検出を提供し、又は基質への第2ポリペプチドの結合のための部位を供給するために、第2ポリペプチドに結合され得るポリペプチドセグメントを示すために本明細書において使用される。主に、抗体又は、他の特異的結合剤が利用できるいずれかのペプチド又はタンパク質が親和性標識として使用され得る。
本明細書において使用される場合、用語“抗体成分”は、完全な抗体及び抗体フラグメントの両者を包含する。
本発明において使用される場合、用語“抗体融合タンパク質”とは、抗体成分及びFGF−18ポリペプチド成分を含んで成る組換え分子を言及する。抗体融合タンパク質の例は、FGF−18ポリペプチド、及びFcドメイン又は抗原−結合領域のいずれかを含んで成るタンパク質を包含する。
“パラ体(paralogs)”とは、生物によって製造される、異なっているが,しかし構造的に関連するタンパク質である。パラ体は、遺伝子重複を通して生じると思われる。例えば、α−グロビン、β−グロビン及びミオグロビンは、お互いパラ体である。
本発明においては、“FGF−18機能的フラグメント”とは、FGF受容体−2及び3の少なくとも1つと結合するFGF−18ポリペプチドの一部を言及する。
本明細書において使用される場合、“細胞毒素”とは、細胞の死を引き起こすことができるか、又は細胞の増殖を阻害することができる分子又は原子である。細胞毒素の例は、薬物、リボソーム−不活性化タンパク質、免疫モジュレーター、キレート化剤、硼素化合物、光活性剤又は色素、放射性同位体及び同様のものを包含する。
“FGF−18接合”は、FGF−18成分及び細胞毒素を、直接的に又は結合剤により共有結合することによって生成されるタイプのFGF−18標的化組成物である。
標準分析法の不正確さのために、ポリマーの分子量及び長さは、おおよその値であることが理解される。そのような値が“約”X又は“およそ”Xとして表される場合、Xの言及された値は、±10%で正確であると理解されるであろう。
A.FGFポリペプチドの生成:
ヒトFGF−遺伝子をコードする核酸分子は、配列番号1又は上記に開示される配列に基づいてポリヌクレオチドプローブを用いて、ヒトcDNA又はゲノムライブラリーをスクリーニングすることによって得られる。それらの技法は、標準であり、そして良く確立されている。例えば、white(ed.)、Methods in MolecularBiology,Vo.15:PCR Protocols:Current Methods and Applications(Humana Press,Inc.,1993),Ausubelなど.,(eds.),Short Protocols in Molecular Biology,3rd Edition(John Wiley & Sons 1995)[“Ausubel(1995)],及びWuなど.,Methods in Gene Biotechnology(CRC Press,Inc,1997)[“Wu(1997)”]。
(1)例示的FGF−18ポリペプチドの突然変異:
当業者は、遺伝子コードの縮重の観点から、相当の配列変動がそれらのポリヌクレオチド分子間で可能であることを容易に認識するであろう。例示のように、配列番号5は、配列番号2のヒトFGF−18ポリペプチドをコードするすべての核酸分子を包含する縮重ヌクレオチド配列である。当業者は、配列番号5の縮重配列がまた、Tに代わってUを置換することによって、それぞれ配列番号2をコードするすべてのRNA配列を提供することを認識するであろう。従って、本発明は、配列番号1又は3のヌクレオチド82〜621、及びそれらのRNA同等物を含んで成るFGF−18ポリペプチド−コード核酸分子の生成を企画する。
FGF−18の特定の変異体が、その対応するアミノ酸配列(すなわち、配列番号2)に対して、少なくとも70%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%又は95%以上の配列同一性を有することによって特徴づけられ、ここでアミノ酸配列の変動は、1又は複数のアミノ酸置換による。
抗−イディオタイプ抗体は、もう1つの形のFGF−18変異体ポリペプチドを供給する。抗−イディオタイプFGF−18抗体の可変ドメインはFGF−18を模倣するので、それらのドメインはまた、FGF−18受容体結合活性を提供することができる。当業者は、抗−イディオタイプ可変ドメインを含んで成る組換え抗体が類似体として有用であることを気づいている(例えば、Monfardiniなど.,Proc. Am. Physicians 108: 420 (1996) を参照のこと)。それらの抗−イディオタイプ抗体は、標準の技法を用いて、抗−FGF−18−抗体から生成される。
例えば、Fvフラグメントは、VH及びVL鎖の会合を含んで成る。この会合は、Inbar など.,Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA 69: 2659,1972により記載のように、非共有的であり得る。他方では、可変鎖は、分子間ジスルフィド結合により連結され、又は化学物質、例えばグルテルアルデヒドにより交差結合され得る(例えば、Sandhu, Crit. Rew. Biotech. 12: 437,1992を参照のこと)。
本発明はまた、FGF−18ポリペプチドの“機能的フラグメント”及びそのような機能的フラグメントをコードする分子を包含する。核酸分子の通常の欠失分析は、FGF−18ポリペプチドをコードする核酸分子の機能的フラグメントを得るために行われ得る。例示されるように、配列番号1のヌクレオチド配列を有するDNA分子は、一連の欠失を得るためにBa13 Tヌクレアーゼにより消化され得る。次に、フラグメントが正しい読み取り枠を整合して発現ベクター中に挿入され、そして発現されたポリペプチドが単離され、そして細胞−細胞相互作用について、又はFGF−18抗体を結合する能力について試験される。エキソヌクレアーゼ消化のための1つの方法は、欠失を導入するためにオリゴヌクレオチド−指図された突然変異誘発を使用し、又は所望するフラグメントの生成を特定するために停止コドンを使用することである。他方では、FGF−18遺伝子の特定のフラグメントは、ポリメラーゼ鎖反応を用いて合成され得る。
A.FGF−18接合体及びFGF−18標的化融合タンパク質:
FGF−18標的化組成物は、FGF−18成分及び細胞毒素を含んで成る。適切なポリペプチド細胞毒素の例は、リボソーム不活性化タンパク質である。I型リボソーム不活性化タンパク質は一本鎖タンパク質であり、そしてII型リボソーム不活性化タンパク質は、ジスルフィド結合により連結される非同一のサブユニット(A及びB鎖)から成る(再考のためには、Soriaなど.,Targeted Diagn.Ther.7:193(1992)を参照のこと)。
リポソームは、治療用ポリペプチドを、患者に、静脈内、腹膜内、鞘内、筋肉内、皮下、又は経口、吸入又は鼻腔内供給するための1つの手段を提供する。リポソームは、水性区画を取り組む1又は複数の脂質二層から成る微小ビークルである(一般的には、Bakker Woudenberg など., Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 12 (Suppl. 1): S61 (1993), Kim Drugs 46:618 (1993), and Ranade, "Site-Specific Drug Delivery Using Liposomes as Carriers," in Drug Delivery Systems, Ranade and組生Hollinger (eds.), pages 3-24 (CRC Press 1995)を参照のこと)。
FGF−18ポリペプチド又はFGF−18機能的フラグメントとその同起源受容体とを結合する能力は、生物学的活性アッセイを用いて決定され得る。例えば、増殖は、培養された細胞を用いて決定され得る。一般的には、増殖効果は、細胞数の上昇として観察され、それらは、アポプトシスの阻害、及び有糸分裂誘発によりもたらされ得る。増殖アッセイのための適切な培養された細胞は、一次培養物からの心臓線維芽細胞、心筋細胞、骨格筋細胞、ヒトへそ静脈内皮細胞を包含する。例示的な確立された細胞系は、NIH 3T3線維芽細胞(ATCC No. CRL-1658)、CHH−1サケ心臓細胞(ATCC No. CRL-1680)、H9c2ラット心臓筋芽細胞(ATCC No. CRL−1446)、Shionogi乳癌細胞(Tanakaなど., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89: 8928−8932, 1992)及びLNCap. FGC腺癌細胞(ATCC No. CRL-1740)を包含する。
本発明は、FGF受容体−3又はFGF受容体−2を発現する細胞の増殖を阻害するためへの、FGF−18標的化組成物、例えばFGF−18接合体及びFGF−18標的化融合タンパク質の使用を包含する。それらの分子は、処理の必要ないずれかの被検体に投与され得、そして本発明は家畜及びヒト治療使用を企画する。例示的な被検体は、哺乳類被検体、例えば農場動物、家畜及びヒト患者を包含する。
FGF−18標的化組成物の対象への投与は、局部カテーテルを通しての灌流によるか又は直接的な病変内注入による、静脈内、動脈内、腹腔内、筋肉内、皮下、胸膜内、鞘内投与であり得る。注射により治療用タンパク質を投与する場合、投与は連続的注入によるか、又は一回又は複数回のボーラスによることができる。
アルキル化によるPEG化は一般的に、還元剤の存在下で、FGF−18と、PEGの末端アルデヒド誘導体との反応を包含する。PEG基は好ましくは、−CH2−NH基を通してポリペプチドに結合される。
ポリペプチド細胞毒素はまた、FGF−18成分への接合の前又は後、上記方法を用いて、可溶性ポリマーと接合され得る。可溶性ポリマーはまた、FGF−18標的化融合タンパク質と接合され得る。
Claims (7)
- 配列番号2のアミノ酸残基28〜196を含んで成る線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)−18ポリペプチドと細胞毒素とを含んで成る、FGF受容体−3を発現する骨肉腫細胞を殺傷するための医薬組成物。
- 前記FGF−18ポリペプチドが、配列番号2のアミノ酸残基28〜207を含んで成る請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記FGF−18ポリペプチドと前記細胞毒素とが、お互い共有結合されている請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、FGF−18接合体を含んで成る請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記FGF−18接合体が、FGF−18−サポリン接合体である請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記細胞毒素が、I型リボソーム−不活性化タンパク質、II型リボソーム−不活性化タンパク質、免疫モジュレーター、リボヌクレアーゼ、DNアーゼI、ブドウ球菌エンテロトキシン−A、ジフテリアトキシン、ジュードモナス外毒素及びシュードモナス内毒素から成る群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記細胞毒素が、リボソーム−不活性化タンパク質、免疫モジュレーター、化学療法薬物、チロシンキナーゼインヒビター、キレート化剤、硼素化合物、光活性剤及び放射性同位体から成る群から選択される請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
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