JP5185010B2 - 熱可塑性ポリウレタン・エラストマーの製造法 - Google Patents
熱可塑性ポリウレタン・エラストマーの製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5185010B2 JP5185010B2 JP2008202137A JP2008202137A JP5185010B2 JP 5185010 B2 JP5185010 B2 JP 5185010B2 JP 2008202137 A JP2008202137 A JP 2008202137A JP 2008202137 A JP2008202137 A JP 2008202137A JP 5185010 B2 JP5185010 B2 JP 5185010B2
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- reactor
- tpu
- diisocyanate
- active hydrogen
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- 229920001296 polysiloxane Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/6505—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen the low-molecular compounds being compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6511—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen the low-molecular compounds being compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 compounds of group C08G18/3203
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0895—Manufacture of polymers by continuous processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
- C08G2170/20—Compositions for hot melt adhesives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2250/00—Compositions for preparing crystalline polymers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
1種またはそれ以上の有機イソシアネート(A)、および
(B1)(A)の有機イソシアネート基に関し1〜85当量%の平均少なくとも1.8個のチェレヴィチノフ(Zerevitinoff)活性水素原子をもち平均分子量Mnが450〜10000の1種またはそれ以上の化合物、
(B2)(A)の有機イソシアネート基に関し15〜99当量%の平均少なくとも1.8個のチェレヴィチノフ活性水素原子をもち分子量が60〜400の1種またはそれ以上の連鎖伸長剤から成るチェレヴィチノフ活性水素原子を含む混合物(B)、および、
TPUの全量に関し0〜20重量%の他の助剤および添加剤(C)を最高5秒間以内で反応器の中で均一に予備混合し、この際反応器に入れる前に成分(A)と(B)の温度差が20℃より小さくなるようにする熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマーの連続製造法が提供される。
る。上記ジイソシアネートは別々に使用されるかまたはお互いの混合物として使用することができる。また最高15モル%(全ジイソシアネート含量から計算し)のポリイソシアネートと一緒に使用するできるが、ポリイソシアネートの最高添加量はなお熱可塑的に加工できる生成物を生じるのに十分な量だけにしなければならない。ポリイソシアネートの例にはトリフェニルメタン−4,4’,4”−トリイソシアネートおよびポリフェニル−ポリメチレン−ポリイソシアネートがある。
ン酸の縮合生成物、またはラクトン、例えば随時置換基をもったω−カプロラクトンの重合生成物も適している。ポリエステルジオールとしては次のものが好適に使用される:エタンジオールポリアジペート、1,4−ブタンジオールポリアジペート、エタンジオール−1,4−ブタンジオール−ポリアジペート、1,6−ヘキサンジオール−ネオペンチルグリコール−ポリアジペート、1,6−ヘキサンジオール−1,4−ブタンジオール−ポリアジペートおよびポリカプロラクトン。ポリエステルジオールは平均分子量Mnが450〜6000であることが好ましく、別々にまたはお互いの混合物として使用することができる。
rlag 1993年発行、“Mischen von Kunststoff und
Kautschukprodukuten”に記載されている。
MDI 1630g/時間、および200ppmの錫ジオクトエートを含むポリブタンジオールアジペート(平均分子量Mn=800)とブタンジオールとの重量比6.9:1の混合物2685g/時間を互いに別々に静止型混合機の中に計量して加える。MDIおよびポリオール/ブタンジオール混合物はそれぞれ140±10℃の温度をもっていた。成分の予備混合は直径6mm、長さ6cmの全体的な加熱を行なう静止型混合機(Sulzer AG、SMX型)の中で剪断速度500s-1で行なった。反応は端に混合要素を取り付けた反応管の中で行なった。
この試験は実施例1と同じように行なったが、反応流の温度が160±5℃であることが異なっていた。静止型混合機の中で圧力上昇が観測されることなく90分よりも長い時間に亙りTPUを製造することができた。
ZSK83型の反応押出し工場において次のような温度設定を行なった。ハウジング1〜4:120℃、ハウジング5〜9:温度勾配なし、ハウジング10〜13:120℃、ヘッド200℃。実施例1と同じ組成物を使用し、回転速度は300rpm、処理量60
0kg/時間であった。MDIをハウジング1に導入した。
この試験は実施例1と同様に行なったが、入口におけるMDIの温度は60℃であり、ポリオール/ブタンジオール混合物の温度は140℃であった。約10〜15分後、静止型混合機の圧力は既に50バールよりも高い値に上昇し、従って実験を中止しなければならなかった。
HDI 1194g/時間、およびポリテトラヒドロフラン(平均分子量Mn=1000)とブタンジオールとの重量比11.5:1の混合物3800g/時間を別々に静止型混合機の中に計量して加える。HDIおよびポリオール/ブタンジオール混合物の温度はそれぞれ90±10℃であった。直径6mm、長さ6cm、剪断速度500s-1の全体的な加熱を行なう静止型混合機(Sulzer AG、SMX型)を使用して混合を行なった。反応は端の所の押出し機中で行なった。
この試験は実施例5と同様に行なったが、HDIは温度23℃で反応器に導入し、ポリ
オール混合物は温度80℃で導入した。
TPU組成物
ポリブチレンアジペート、Mn=840g/モル 1.0モル
1,4−ブタンジオール 1.3モル
MDI 2.3モル
錫ジオクトエート(ポリブチレンアジペートに関し) 200ppm
ロキサミド(Loxamide)(TPUの全量に関し) 0.2重量%
これらの成分をZSK83型の押出し機の中に計量して加え、この押出し機を300rpmの速度、処理量600kg/時間で操作する。押出し機のハウジングの温度による温度設定を表3に掲げる。実施例7〜9においてはMDIを第1のハウジングの中に計量して加え、ポリブチレンアジペートおよび1,4−ブタンジオールからなるポリオール混合物を押出し機の第5のハウジングの中に計量して加える。実施例7におけるMDIの温度は約60℃、実施例8においては約120℃、実施例9では約130℃である。実施例10においては、MDIを130℃に、ポリオール混合物を140℃に加熱し、次いで両方の反応流を第1のハウジングに供給した。毎回触媒をポリオール混合物に加え、ロキサミドをイソシアネートトと混合した。
Claims (1)
- 1種またはそれ以上のポリイソシアネート(A)、および
(B1)(A)のイソシアネート基に関し1〜85当量%の平均少なくとも1.8個のチェレヴィチノフ(Zerewitinoff)活性水素原子をもち
TPUの全量に関し0〜20重量%の他の助剤および添加剤(C)を、最高5秒間以内で反応器の中で均一に予備混合し、
この際
反応器に入れる前に成分(A)と(B)の温度差が20℃より小さくなるようにし、
成分(A)と(B)を、これらを連続して反応器に入れる前に、互いに別個に60〜220℃まで加温し、
成分(A)と(B)の混合を長さ対直径の比が8:1〜16:1であるか、または、二重シャフト押出し機である静止型混合機中でおこなう
ことを特徴とする熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマーの連続製造法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19755545A DE19755545A1 (de) | 1997-12-13 | 1997-12-13 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von thermoplastischen Polyurethanelastomeren |
DE19755545.4 | 1997-12-13 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000539077A Division JP2002508416A (ja) | 1997-12-13 | 1998-12-01 | 熱可塑性ポリウレタン・エラストマーの製造法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008260960A JP2008260960A (ja) | 2008-10-30 |
JP5185010B2 true JP5185010B2 (ja) | 2013-04-17 |
Family
ID=7851866
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000539077A Pending JP2002508416A (ja) | 1997-12-13 | 1998-12-01 | 熱可塑性ポリウレタン・エラストマーの製造法 |
JP2008202137A Expired - Fee Related JP5185010B2 (ja) | 1997-12-13 | 2008-08-05 | 熱可塑性ポリウレタン・エラストマーの製造法 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000539077A Pending JP2002508416A (ja) | 1997-12-13 | 1998-12-01 | 熱可塑性ポリウレタン・エラストマーの製造法 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1068250B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP2002508416A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100522984B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1135246C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU1965899A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2313456C (ja) |
DE (2) | DE19755545A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2196646T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1033145A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW406099B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999031158A1 (ja) |
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DE19924089C1 (de) * | 1999-05-26 | 2001-01-25 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von thermoplastisch verarbeitbaren Polyurethanen mit verbessertem Erweichungsverhalten |
DE19942393C2 (de) | 1999-07-15 | 2002-07-18 | Bayer Ag | Weiche, elastische Polyurethanfolien, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
AU780320B2 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2005-03-17 | James Hardie International Finance B.V. | Prefabricated durable building material |
US6689451B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2004-02-10 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Pre-finished and durable building material |
US6539643B1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2003-04-01 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Surface groove system for building sheets |
MXPA03009029A (es) | 2001-04-03 | 2004-02-12 | James Hardie Res Pty Ltd | Pieza ranurada para tabla de acabado externo y metodos para fabricar e instalar la misma. |
US8281535B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2012-10-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles |
AR040590A1 (es) | 2002-07-16 | 2005-04-13 | James Hardie Res Pty Ltd | Productos de cemento de fibra preacabados protegidos |
US7993570B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2011-08-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Durable medium-density fibre cement composite |
DE10254600B4 (de) | 2002-11-22 | 2007-12-27 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von thermoplastischen, nicht klebenden Polyurethanen |
JP2005025960A (ja) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-27 | Kurabo Ind Ltd | キーパッド用表面材 |
US7998571B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2011-08-16 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same |
DE102006013103A1 (de) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Weiche vernetzbare Polyurethan-Massen |
CA2648966C (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2015-01-06 | James Hardie International Finance B.V. | A surface sealed reinforced building element |
CN101148494B (zh) * | 2007-10-26 | 2010-07-21 | 张勇 | 一种聚氨酯弹性体的生产方法及应用 |
DE102009055735A1 (de) | 2009-11-26 | 2011-07-07 | Bayer Material Science AG, 51373 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von thermoplastisch verarbeitbaren Polyurethanen |
US20120116030A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2012-05-10 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for continuously producing thermoplastically processable polyurethanes |
CN102558830B (zh) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-06-12 | 上海联景高分子材料有限公司 | 一种透明薄膜级热塑性聚氨酯弹性体和制备方法 |
CN103289053A (zh) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-09-11 | 旭川化学(昆山)有限公司 | 一种超软质鞋革用人造革浆料及其制备方法 |
TWI551420B (zh) * | 2013-03-25 | 2016-10-01 | Perfection Mighty Ind Co Ltd | TPU forming method and device thereof |
CN103265676A (zh) * | 2013-04-20 | 2013-08-28 | 北京化工大学 | 一种连续生产高性能热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的方法 |
CN103275290A (zh) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-04 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部建筑工程研究所 | 热塑性聚氨酯的制备方法 |
EP3094684B1 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2021-03-31 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Methods of using thermoplastic polyurethanes in selective laser sintering and systems and articles thereof |
US20170129177A1 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2017-05-11 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Use of thermoplastic polyurethane powders |
CN106939071A (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-07-11 | 东莞市雄林新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种汽车按摩用tpu复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN108097194B (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-08-28 | 万华化学(宁波)有限公司 | 一种制备水性聚氨酯分散体的连续生产系统、水性聚氨酯分散体的连续生产工艺和应用 |
EP3838961A1 (de) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-23 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Hydroxy-terminiertes polyurethanprepolymer mit niedrigem allophanatgehalt |
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BE754571A (fr) * | 1969-08-07 | 1971-01-18 | Bayer Ag | Elastomeres de polyurethanes segmentes |
JPS4931760B1 (ja) * | 1970-04-03 | 1974-08-24 | ||
AT350269B (de) * | 1977-06-01 | 1979-05-25 | Plate Bonn Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von thermoplastischen polyurethanen |
EP0420426A3 (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-09-04 | Texaco Chemical Company | Sprayable and pourable polyurea elastomer |
JPH04146915A (ja) * | 1990-10-09 | 1992-05-20 | Kanebo Ltd | ポリウレタン弾性体及びその製造方法 |
JP2660770B2 (ja) * | 1990-12-05 | 1997-10-08 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 熱可塑性ポリウレタン樹脂組成物およびその製造法 |
JP3474000B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-16 | 2003-12-08 | 三井化学株式会社 | ウレタンエラストマーの製造方法 |
DE4437586A1 (de) * | 1994-10-20 | 1996-04-25 | Basf Schwarzheide Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von thermoplastischen Polyurethanen |
DE19520732A1 (de) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-12 | Bayer Ag | Thermoplastische Polyurethan-Elastomere |
DE19520731A1 (de) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-12 | Bayer Ag | Thermoplastische Polyurethanharnstoff-Elastomere |
-
1997
- 1997-12-13 DE DE19755545A patent/DE19755545A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-12-01 DE DE59807593T patent/DE59807593D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-01 JP JP2000539077A patent/JP2002508416A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-01 KR KR10-2000-7006398A patent/KR100522984B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-01 WO PCT/EP1998/007753 patent/WO1999031158A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-01 EP EP98964470A patent/EP1068250B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-01 CN CNB988120828A patent/CN1135246C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-01 TW TW087119843A patent/TW406099B/zh active
- 1998-12-01 CA CA002313456A patent/CA2313456C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-01 AU AU19658/99A patent/AU1965899A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-01 ES ES98964470T patent/ES2196646T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-06-04 HK HK01103854A patent/HK1033145A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-08-05 JP JP2008202137A patent/JP5185010B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1999031158A1 (de) | 1999-06-24 |
CN1281474A (zh) | 2001-01-24 |
DE19755545A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 |
CN1135246C (zh) | 2004-01-21 |
JP2002508416A (ja) | 2002-03-19 |
KR20010033041A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
CA2313456A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
EP1068250B1 (de) | 2003-03-19 |
DE59807593D1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
AU1965899A (en) | 1999-07-05 |
JP2008260960A (ja) | 2008-10-30 |
CA2313456C (en) | 2008-10-28 |
EP1068250A1 (de) | 2001-01-17 |
TW406099B (en) | 2000-09-21 |
KR100522984B1 (ko) | 2005-10-24 |
HK1033145A1 (en) | 2001-08-17 |
ES2196646T3 (es) | 2003-12-16 |
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