JP5181791B2 - 電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路および信号処理回路 - Google Patents
電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路および信号処理回路 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1228—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
- H03B5/1215—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair the current source or degeneration circuit being in common to both transistors of the pair, e.g. a cross-coupled long-tailed pair
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
- H03B5/1246—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising transistors used to provide a variable capacitance
- H03B5/1253—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising transistors used to provide a variable capacitance the transistors being field-effect transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/1262—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising switched elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/1262—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising switched elements
- H03B5/1265—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising switched elements switched capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/1275—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator having further means for varying a parameter in dependence on the frequency
- H03B5/1278—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator having further means for varying a parameter in dependence on the frequency the parameter being an amplitude of a signal, e.g. maintaining a constant output amplitude over the frequency range
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/1293—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator having means for achieving a desired tuning characteristic, e.g. linearising the frequency characteristic across the tuning voltage range
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- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
- Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
Description
図1は、この発明によるVCOの第1の実施形態を示す接続回路図である。
LC共振型のVCOにおいては、上述したように、可変容量回路110の容量を変化させることで、VCOの発振周波数を変化させる。しかし、この発振周波数の変化に応じて、共振回路101の共振インピーダンスが変動してしまう。このため、特に低周波の領域で、VCOからの発振出力信号の発振振幅が低下してしまい、位相雑音特性が劣化してしまうことがある。
VCOの周波数可変域を、より広くする場合、図5の特性曲線701,702,703のように、VCOの発振中心周波数をシフトするようにすることが行なわれている。この場合も、シフトされた可変周波数範囲においても、VCOからの発振出力信号の発振振幅が低下してしまわないようにする必要がある。
第4の実施形態は、この発明によるVCOの実施形態を、テレビ放送信号受信用装置のチューナ部(フロントエンド回路)のPLL回路の可変周波数発振回路として使用するようにした場合の例である。そして、この第4の実施形態では、フロントエンド回路を1チップIC化した場合の例である。
図8に、この実施形態におけるフロントエンド回路IC1の、特に、フロントエンド回路部10の具体回路例について説明する。
(A)46〜147MHz(VHF−Lバンド)
(B)147〜401MHz(VHF−Hバンド)
(C)401〜887MHz(UHFバンド)
の3バンドに分割し、それぞれの受信バンドにおいて、周波数を目的とするチャンネルに対応して変更できるようにしている。
f31=N・f34 ・・・ (式2)
となるので、システムコントローラ4により、信号処理プロセッサ61を介して、分周比Nを制御すれば、VCO31の発振周波数f31を変更することができる。例えば、周波数f31は、受信バンドおよび受信周波数(受信チャンネル)に対応して1.8〜3.6GHzとされる。
fLO:局部発振信号SLOI、SLOQの周波数
とすれば、
fLO=f31/(2M)
=N・f34/(2M)
=f34・N/(2M) ・・・ (式3)
となる。したがって、分周比M、Nを変更することにより、局部発振周波数fLOを、所定の周波数ステップで広い範囲にわたって変更することができる。
SRX:受信を希望する受信信号
SUD:イメージ妨害信号
とし、簡単のため、
SRX=ERX・sinωRXt
ERX:受信信号SRXの振幅
ωRX=2πfRX
fRX:受信信号SRXの中心周波数
SUD=EUD・sinωUDt
EUD:イメージ妨害信号SUDの振幅
ωUD=2πfUD
fUD:イメージ妨害信号SUDの中心周波数
とする。
SLOI=ELO・sinωLOt
SLOQ=ELO・cosωLOt
ELO:信号SLOI、SLOQの振幅
ωLO=2πfLO
とする。
ωIF=2πfIF
fIF:中間周波数。例えば、4〜5.5MHz(放送方式により変更する)
とすれば、アッパーヘテロダイン方式の場合には、
fRX=fLO−fIF
fUD=fLO+fIF
である。
SIFI=(SRX+SUD)×SLOI
=ERX・sinωRXt×ELO・sinωLOt
+EUD・sinωUDt×ELO・sinωLOt
=α{cos(ωRX−ωLO)t−cos(ωRX+ωLO)t}
+β{cos(ωUD−ωLO)t−cos(ωUD+ωLO)t}
SIFQ=(SRX+SUD)×SLOQ
=ERX・sinωRXt×ELO・cosωLOt
+EUD・sinωUDt×ELO・cosωLOt
=α{sin(ωRX+ωLO)t+sin(ωRX−ωLO)t}
+β{sin(ωUD+ωLO)t+sin(ωUD−ωLO)t}
α=ERX・ELO/2
β=EUD・ELO/2
の信号SIFI、SIFQが取り出される。
SIFI=α・cos(ωRX−ωLO)t+β・cos(ωUD−ωLO)t
=α・cosωIFt+β・cosωIFt ・・・(式4)
SIFQ=α・sin(ωRX−ωLO)t+β・sin(ωUD−ωLO)t
=−α・sinωIFt+β・sinωIFt ・・・ (式5)
が取り出される。
(b) 移相特性も有し、信号SIFIを値φ(φは任意の値)だけ移相する。
(c) 同じく、信号SIFQを値(φ−90°)だけ移相する。
(d) 周波数軸上において、零周波数に対して対称の周波数f0と周波数−f0とを中心周波数とする2つのバンドパス特性を有するものであり、入力信号の相対位相によりこれを選択することができる。
したがって、複素バンドパスフィルタ24において、上記(b)、(c)項により信号SIFQが信号SIFIに対して90°遅相され、
SIFI=α・cosωIFt+β・cosωIFt ・・・ (式6)
SIFQ=−α・sin(ωIFt−90°)+β・sin(ωIFt−90°)
=α・cosωIFt−β・cocωIFt ・・・ (式7)
とされる。つまり、信号SIFIと、信号SIFQとの間では、信号成分α・cosωIFtは互いに同相であり、信号成分β・cocωIFtは互いに逆相である。
SIF=SIFI+SIFQ
=2α・cosωIFt
=ERX・ELO・cosωIFt ・・・ (式8)
が取り出される。この取り出された信号SIFは、信号SRXをアッパーヘテロダイン方式で受信したときの中間周波信号にほかならない。そして、この中間周波信号SIFには、イメージ妨害信号SUDは含まれていない。なお、振幅位相補正回路23は、この(式8)が十分に成立するように、すなわち、イメージ妨害信号SUDが最小となるように、信号SIFI、SIFQの振幅および位相を補正するものである。
この実施形態のフロントエンド回路IC1には、定電圧回路53が設けられ、端子ピンT18から電源電圧+VCCが供給される。この定電圧回路53は、PN接合のバンドギャップを利用して電源電圧+VCCから所定の値の定電圧を形成するものであり、その形成された定電圧はIC10のそれぞれの回路に供給される。なお、定電圧回路53の出力電圧は微調整可能とされ、不揮発性メモリ51にその調整データが記憶されている。信号処理プロセッサ61は、その微調整用の調整データを不揮発性メモリ51から取得して、実使用調整データを生成して、インターフェース部52を通じて定電圧回路53に供給するようにする。
第5の実施形態のVCOの構成例を図10に示す。この第5の実施形態のVCOにおいては、接続点P1およびP2間、すなわち、MOSFET121のドレインと、MOSFET122のドレインとの間、に得られるVCOの発振振幅が、振幅検出器801で検出される。そして、この振幅検出器801で検出されたVCOの発振振幅の値が、制御部802に供給される。
第6の実施形態のVCOの構成例を、図11に示す。第1の実施形態では、図1に示したように、負性抵抗回路102は、N型MOSFET121および122で構成していた。これに対して、この第6の実施形態では、負性抵抗回路102をP型MOSFET123および124で構成したものである。
第7の実施形態のVCOの構成例を、図12に示す。
上述した第1〜第7の実施形態では、発振回路部103と電源の一方端との間に第1の抵抗301を接続すると共に、発振回路部103と電源の他方端との間にも、第2の抵抗302を接続するようにした。
上述した実施形態では、電圧制御型の可変容量素子としては、バラクタを用いるようにしたが、この発明が適用される可変容量素子としては、バラクタに限られるわけではない。
Claims (4)
- 第1のノード、第2のノードおよび制御ノードと、前記第1のノードにゲートが接続され前記制御ノードにソースとドレインが接続された絶縁ゲート電界効果トランジスタからなる第1のバラクタと、前記第2のノードにゲートが接続され前記制御ノードにソースとドレインが接続された絶縁ゲート電界効果トランジスタからなる第2のバラクタと有し、前記制御ノードに印加される制御電圧に応じて、前記第1および第2のバラクタの各静電容量が変化する可変容量回路と、
前記第1のノードに一方端子が接続された第1のインダクタと、
前記第2のノードに一方端子が接続され、他方端子が前記第1のインダクタの他方端子に接続された第2のインダクタと、
前記第1および第2のインダクタの共通に接続された2つの他方端子と電源電圧の供給線との間に接続された第1の抵抗器と、
前記第1,第2のノードに接続された負性抵抗回路と、
前記負性抵抗回路と接地電位の供給線との間に接続された第2の抵抗器と、
を有し、
前記負性抵抗回路は、
チャネル電流が流れる2つの電流端子の一方が前記第1のノードに接続され、制御端子が前記第2のノードに接続された第1のトランジスタと、
チャネル電流が流れる2つの電流端子の一方が前記第2のノードに接続され、制御端子が前記第1のノードに接続された第2のトランジスタと、
を有し、
前記第1および第2のトランジスタの他方の電流端子が共通に接続されて前記第2の抵抗器に接続されており、
前記第1の抵抗器および前記第2の抵抗器の各抵抗値は、前記可変容量回路のバイアス電圧が電源電圧の半分の電圧値、あるいは、前記半分の電圧値の近傍の値となるように定められている、
電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路。 - 電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路と、
前記電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路から出力される発振出力信号を用いて所定の信号処理を行なう処理回路部と、
を備え、
前記電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路は、
第1のノード、第2のノードおよび制御ノードと、前記第1のノードにゲートが接続され前記制御ノードにソースとドレインが接続された絶縁ゲート電界効果トランジスタからなる第1のバラクタと、前記第2のノードにゲートが接続され前記制御ノードにソースとドレインが接続された絶縁ゲート電界効果トランジスタからなる第2のバラクタと有し、前記制御ノードに印加される制御電圧に応じて、前記第1および第2のバラクタの各静電容量が変化する可変容量回路と、
前記第1のノードに一方端子が接続された第1のインダクタと、
前記第2のノードに一方端子が接続され、他方端子が前記第1のインダクタの他方端子に接続された第2のインダクタと、
前記第1および第2のインダクタの共通に接続された2つの他方端子と電源電圧の供給線との間に接続された第1の抵抗器と、
前記第1,第2のノードに接続された負性抵抗回路と、
前記負性抵抗回路と接地電位の供給線との間に接続された第2の抵抗器と、
を有し、
前記負性抵抗回路は、
チャネル電流が流れる2つの電流端子の一方が前記第1のノードに接続され、制御端子が前記第2のノードに接続された第1のトランジスタと、
チャネル電流が流れる2つの電流端子の一方が前記第2のノードに接続され、制御端子が前記第1のノードに接続された第2のトランジスタと、
を有し、
前記第1および第2のトランジスタの他方の電流端子が共通に接続されて前記第2の抵抗器に接続されており、
前記第1の抵抗器および前記第2の抵抗器の各抵抗値は、前記可変容量回路のバイアス電圧が電源電圧の半分の電圧値、あるいは、前記半分の電圧値の近傍の値となるように定められている、
信号処理回路。 - 前記電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路は、前記処理回路部に用いる信号を発生するPLL(Phase Locked Loop)回路内に設けられている、
請求項2に記載の信号処理回路。 - 前記第1の抵抗器に与えられる前記電源電圧は、定電圧回路により定電圧化されている、
請求項2または3に記載の信号処理回路。
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JP2008097064A JP5181791B2 (ja) | 2008-04-03 | 2008-04-03 | 電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路および信号処理回路 |
US12/405,712 US8076982B2 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-03-17 | Voltage-controlled variable frequency oscillation circuit and signal processing circuit |
NL1036799A NL1036799C (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2009-03-31 | Voltage-controlled variable frequency oscillation circuit and signal processing circuit. |
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JP2008097064A Expired - Fee Related JP5181791B2 (ja) | 2008-04-03 | 2008-04-03 | 電圧制御型可変周波数発振回路および信号処理回路 |
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US (1) | US8076982B2 (ja) |
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2008
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-
2009
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JP2009253515A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
US8076982B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 |
US20090251228A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
NL1036799C (en) | 2010-04-09 |
NL1036799A1 (nl) | 2009-10-06 |
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