JP5167851B2 - 車両用駆動装置の制御装置 - Google Patents
車両用駆動装置の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5167851B2 JP5167851B2 JP2008036527A JP2008036527A JP5167851B2 JP 5167851 B2 JP5167851 B2 JP 5167851B2 JP 2008036527 A JP2008036527 A JP 2008036527A JP 2008036527 A JP2008036527 A JP 2008036527A JP 5167851 B2 JP5167851 B2 JP 5167851B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/43—Engines
- B60Y2400/435—Supercharger or turbochargers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
- F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
- F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
- F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
- F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
- F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
- F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
- F16H9/16—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
- F16H9/18—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts only one flange of each pulley being adjustable
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
Description
また、電気式差動部の差動を制限する状態と差動を制限しない状態との切換えを運転者の出力要求量に基づいて行うことにより、トルク方向の制限により第1電動機の小型化を図ることができる。
本実施形態は、2つのモータ・ジェネレータを備え、且つFF(フロントエンジン・フロントドライブ)車として構成されたハイブリッド車両に搭載される車両駆動装置として本発明を適用した場合について説明する。
図1は、本実施形態に係るハイブリッド車両に搭載されたハイブリッドシステムを構成する車両用駆動装置10(以下、単に駆動装置と呼ぶ)を示すスケルトン図である。
本発明の電気式差動部に対応する差動部11は、第1電動機M1と、上記入力軸14に入力されたエンジン8の出力を機械的に分配する機械的機構であってエンジン8の出力を第1電動機M1および伝達部材18に分配する差動機構としての動力分配機構16と、伝達部材18と一体的に回転するように設けられている第2電動機M2とを備えている。なお、第1電動機M1および第2電動機M2は、モータ(電動機)機能のみならず発電機能をも有する所謂モータジェネレータであるが、差動用電動機である第1電動機M1は反力を発生させるためのジェネレータ(発電)機能を少なくとも備え、走行用電動機である第2電動機M2は走行用の駆動力源として駆動力を出力するためのモータ(電動機)機能を少なくとも備えている。
無段変速部20は、その変速比γCVT(=伝達部材18の回転速度N18/出力軸22の回転速度NOUT)を機械的作用により連続的に変化させることができる無段の自動変速機として機能する所謂ベルト式CVT変速装置であり、第1軸心RC1上に設けられ且つ伝達部材18に連結された入力側プーリ40と、第2軸心RC2上に入力側プーリ40と並列に設けられ且つ出力軸22に連結された出力側プーリ42と、これら一対のプーリ40,42の間に巻き付けられ、その一対のプーリ40,42間を摩擦力により動力伝達可能に連結するベルト44とを備えている。
以上のように構成された駆動装置10では、動力分配機構16に切換クラッチC0および切換ブレーキB0が備えられており、切換クラッチC0および切換ブレーキB0の何れかが係合作動させられることによって、差動部11は前述した無段変速機として作動する無段変速状態に加え、変速比γ0が一定の変速機として作動する定変速状態を構成することが可能とされている。したがって、駆動装置10では、切換クラッチC0および切換ブレーキB0の何れかを係合作動させることで定変速状態とされた差動部11と無段変速部20とで機械的な無段変速機として作動する無段変速状態が構成され、切換クラッチC0および切換ブレーキB0の何れも係合作動させないことで無段変速状態とされた差動部11と無段変速部20とで電気的かつ機械的な無段変速機として作動する無段変速状態が構成される。なお、駆動装置10内の動力伝達経路が遮断されたニュートラル「N」状態とする場合には、例えば切換クラッチC0及び切換ブレーキB0が解放され第1電動機M1及び第2電動機M2が共に自由回転状態とされる。
図3は、駆動装置10を制御するための制御装置である電子制御装置60に入力される信号及びその電子制御装置60から出力される信号を示している。この電子制御装置60は、CPU、ROM、RAM、及び入出力インターフェースなどから成る所謂マイクロコンピュータを含んで構成されており、RAMの一時記憶機能を利用しつつROMに予め記憶されたプログラムに従って信号処埋を行うことによりエンジン8、第1電動機M1、第2電動機M2に関するハイブリッド駆動制御、無段変速部20の変速制御等の駆動制御を実行するものである。
図4は複数種類のシフトポジションPSHを人為的操作により切り換える切換装置としてのシフト操作装置66の一例を示す図である。このシフト操作装置66は、例えば運転席近傍に配設され、複数種類のシフトポジションPSHを選択するために操作されるシフトレバー68を備えている。
図5は、電子制御装置60による制御機能の要部を説明する機能ブロック線図である。図5において、ハイブリッド制御手段74は、差動部11の差動状態においてエンジン8を効率の高い作動域で作動させる一方で、エンジン8と第2電動機M2との駆動力の配分や第1電動機M1の発電による反力が最適になるように変化させて差動部11の電気的な無段変速機としての変速比γ0を制御する。例えば、そのときの走行車速において、運転者の出力要求量としてのアクセル開度(アクセルペダル操作量)Accや車速Vから車両の目標(要求)出力を算出し、車両の目標出力と充電要求値から必要なトータル目標出力を算出し、そのトータル目標出力が得られるように伝達損失、補機負荷、第2電動機M2のアシストトルク等を考慮して目標エンジン出力を算出し、その目標エンジン出力が得られるエンジン回転速度NEとエンジントルクTEとなるようにエンジン8を制御するとともに第1電動機M1の発電量を制御する。
本実施形態によれば次のような効果(A1)〜(A9)がある。
次に第2実施形態について説明する。本実施形態では、差動部11に備えられた切換クラッチC0および切換ブレーキB0を係合させる際の動作に特徴がある。その他、駆動装置10の構成および制御動作については上述した第1実施形態と同様であるので、ここでは切換クラッチC0および切換ブレーキB0を係合させる際の動作についてのみ説明する。
図20は、第3実施形態の電子制御装置60による制御機能の要部を説明する機能ブロック線図である。この図20では第1実施形態の機能ブロック線図である図5に対し、無段変速部制御手段80が無段変速部制御手段116に置き換わっており、エンジン燃焼方式制御手段112とエンジン燃焼方式判定手段114とが追加されている点が異なる。以下、その相違点について主に説明する。
図25は、第4実施形態の駆動装置10を説明するスケルトン図である。図25では第1実施形態のスケルトン図である図1に対し、ベルト式CVT変速装置である無段変速部20がトロイダル式CVT変速装置である無段変速部140に置き換わっている点が異なる。以下、その相違点について主に説明する。なお、本実施形態の機能ブロック線図及びフローチャートは第1実施形態のそれと同じである。
以上、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明したが、これはあくまでも一実施形態であり、本発明は当業者の知識に基づいて種々の変更、改良を加えた態様で実施することができる。
10 駆動装置(ハイブリッド車両用駆動装置)
11 差動部(電気式差動部)
14 入力軸
16 動力分配機構(差動機構)
18 伝達部材(電気式差動部の出力軸)
20 無段変速部
60 電子制御装置(制御装置)
78 切換制御手段
84 変速比調整手段
M1 第1電動機
M2 第2電動機
80,116 無段変速部制御手段
82 差動部制御手段
C0 切換クラッチ(差動制限手段)
B0 切換ブレーキ(差動制限手段)
Claims (11)
- 差動機構の回転要素に連結された第1電動機の運転状態が制御されることにより入力軸の回転数と出力軸の回転数との差動状態が制御される電気式差動部と、上記差動機構の差動状態を制限可能な差動制限手段と、上記入力軸に連結された動力源と、動力伝達経路の一部を構成する無段変速部とを備えた車両用駆動装置の制御装置であって、
上記電気式差動部の差動を制限する状態と差動を制限しない状態との切換えを運転者の出力要求量に基づいて行う切換制御手段と、
上記差動制限手段によって上記電気式差動部の差動が制限されているときには、上記動力源の目標出力に対し上記無段変速部の変速比を調整することで上記動力源の動作点を設定する一方、上記電気式差動部の差動が制限されていないときには、上記動力源の目標出力に対し上記電気式差動部の変速比と上記無段変速部の変速比との総合変速比を調整することで上記動力源の動作点を設定する変速比調整手段とを備えており、
上記電気式差動部には第2電動機が連結されており、上記電気式差動部の差動が制限されているときには、上記第2電動機による発電が行われることを前提に動力源の目標出力が設定されるようになっており、
上記変速比調整手段は、上記電気式差動部の差動が制限されていないとき、上記動力源の動作点を燃費最適点に略合致させながら第1電動機の回転速度を略零に設定するように上記無段変速部の基本変速比を決定し、その後、上記電気式差動部における動力源からの出力の伝達効率と上記無段変速部における伝達効率との乗算値である乗算効率が最高効率となるように、上記無段変速部の基本変速比に対する補正を行って、無段変速部の変速比を決定するよう構成されていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記電気式差動部の差動が制限されていないときには、上記第1電動機および第2電動機による発電が行われることを前提に動力源の目標出力が設定されることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項1または2記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記差動制限手段による電気式差動部の差動制限状態として、電気式差動部の変速比が互いに異なるロー/ハイの2つの状態が切り換え可能な構成とされていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項3記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記電気式差動部における差動制限状態のロー/ハイの切換えを車速に基づいて行うロー/ハイ切換制御手段を備えていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項3記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記電気式差動部における差動制限状態のロー/ハイの切換えをアクセル開度に基づいて行うロー/ハイ切換制御手段を備えていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項1〜5のうち何れか一つに記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記動力伝達経路には走行駆動力を発生するための電動機が備えられており、この電動機のみの駆動による走行時には、上記電気式差動部の差動動作が可能な状態とされることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項1〜6のうち何れか一つに記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記差動機構は遊星歯車装置で構成されており、電気式差動部は駆動輪に動力伝達可能な電動機を備えていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記変速比調整手段は、電気式差動部の差動を制限する際、上記総合変速比が変更されないように無段変速部の変速比を変更するよう構成されていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項8記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記差動制限手段による電気式差動部の差動制限状態として、電気式差動部の変速比が互いに異なるロー/ハイの2つの状態が切り換え可能な構成とされており、
上記変速比調整手段は、電気式差動部の差動制限状態をロー側へ切り換える際、無段変速部の変速比を最大減速比に対して小さな減速比に設定するよう構成されていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項8記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記差動制限手段による電気式差動部の差動制限状態として、電気式差動部の変速比が互いに異なるロー/ハイの2つの状態が切り換え可能な構成とされており、
上記変速比調整手段は、電気式差動部の差動制限状態をハイ側へ切り換える際、無段変速部の変速比を最小減速比に対して大きな減速比に設定するよう構成されていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。 - 請求項1〜10のうち何れか一つに記載の車両用駆動装置の制御装置において、
上記変速比調整手段は、上記電気式差動部の差動を制限する状態と差動を制限しない状態との切換え過渡時に、動力源の回転数が変化しないように上記電気式差動部の変速比と無段変速部の変速比とを略同時に変更する構成とされていることを特徴とする車両用駆動装置の制御装置。
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