JP5055788B2 - 電極触媒 - Google Patents
電極触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5055788B2 JP5055788B2 JP2006044959A JP2006044959A JP5055788B2 JP 5055788 B2 JP5055788 B2 JP 5055788B2 JP 2006044959 A JP2006044959 A JP 2006044959A JP 2006044959 A JP2006044959 A JP 2006044959A JP 5055788 B2 JP5055788 B2 JP 5055788B2
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- conductive material
- carbon
- electrode
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000593 microemulsion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
導電性材料として多枝カーボンファイバー(マイクロフェーズ社製:BET比表面積100m2/g)1gに、還元剤としてエタノール50ml、触媒粒子原料として白金濃度0.1wt%のジニトロジアンミン白金硝酸塩水溶液1000gを投入し、30分間、25℃で攪拌・混合した後、超音波ホモジナイザーを用いてさらに30分間分散混合した。その後、その分散溶液に10%COガスを200ml/minで30分間バブリング後、COガスをバブリングしながら分散溶液をウォーターバス中で加熱し、85℃〜90℃とした後、2時間保持した。液色は無色透明になるまで還元反応を進行させた後、得られた反応液を濾過した。固形分を分離し、純水にて数回、洗浄した。さらに、80℃において8時間乾燥し、Pt45wt%を得た。
導電性材料として多枝カーボンファイバー(マイクロフェーズ社製:BET比表面積100m2/g)1gに、還元剤としてエタノール50ml、触媒粒子原料として白金濃度0.1wt%のジニトロジアンミン白金硝酸塩水溶液429gを投入し、30分間、25℃で攪拌・混合した後、超音波ホモジナイザーを用いてさらに30分間分散混合した。その後、その分散溶液に10%COガスを200ml/minで30分間バブリング後、COガスをバブリングしながら分散溶液をウォーターバス中で加熱し、85℃〜90℃とした後、2時間保持した。液色は無色透明になるまで還元反応を進行させた後、得られた反応液を濾過した。固形分を分離し、純水にて数回、洗浄した。さらに、80℃において8時間乾燥し、Pt30wt%担持カーボン粉末(2)を得た。
導電性材料としてカーボンブラック(ケッチェン・ブラック・インターナショナル社製ケッチェンブラックEC:BET比表面積800m2/g)1gに、還元剤としてエタノール50ml、触媒粒子原料として白金濃度0.1wt%のジニトロジアンミン白金硝酸塩水溶液1000gを投入し、30分間、25℃で攪拌混合後、超音波ホモジナイザーを用いてさらに30分間分散混合した。その後、その分散溶液に10%COガスを200ml/minで30分間バブリング後、COガスをバブリングしながら分散溶液をウォーターバス中で加熱し、85℃〜90℃とした後、2時間保持した。液色は無色透明になるまで還元反応を進行させた後、得られた反応液を濾過した。固形分を分離し、純水にて数回、洗浄した。さらに、80℃において8時間乾燥し、Pt45wt%担持カーボン粉末(3)を得た。
カーボンブラック(ケッチェン・ブラック・インターナショナル社製ケッチェンブラックEC:BET比表面積800m2/g)を高温で処理し、グラファイト化したグラファイト化ケッチェンブラック(導電性材料)1gに、還元剤としてエタノール50ml、触媒粒子原料として白金濃度0.1wt%のジニトロジアンミン白金硝酸塩水溶液1000gを投入し、30分間、25℃で攪拌混合後、超音波ホモジナイザーを用いてさらに30分間分散混合した。その後、その分散溶液に10%COガスを200ml/minで30分間バブリング後、COガスをバブリングしながら分散溶液をウォーターバス中で加熱し、85℃〜90℃とした後、2時間保持した。液色は無色透明になるまで還元反応を進行させた後、得られた反応液を濾過した。固形分を分離し、純水にて数回、洗浄した。さらに、80℃において8時間乾燥し、Pt45wt%担持カーボン粉末(4)を得た。
上記実施例1,2及び比較例1,2で得られたカーボン粉末について、下記方法に従ってカーボン耐食性を評価した。結果を下記表1に示す。
直径0.5mmの金線コイルを作製し、そのコイルを触媒インクに浸した後、室温にて10分間減圧乾燥を行った。減圧乾燥後、さらに大気圧下80℃にて3時間乾燥させ、評価試料とした。測定には、3電極型電気化学評価セルを用いた。参照電極には水素電極を用い、対極には白金線コイルを取り付けた。作用極に上記手順で作製した評価試料を取り付け、電解液には0.5規定モル濃度の硫酸水溶液を用いた。高電位腐食試験は、印加電圧を1.6V(vs SHE)とし、室温にて実施し、25分後にCVを測定した。CV測定時の掃引電圧範囲は−0.02V〜1.15V(vs SHE)で、掃引速度は50mV/秒であった。また、測定は70℃にて実施した。CV測定後、そのCV線図よりECA(有効表面積)を算出し、25分間保持後ECA/初期ECAによりカーボン耐食性を評価した。
Claims (16)
- 導電性材料に触媒粒子を担持させてなる電極触媒において、導電性材料に担持した触媒粒子の平均粒子径をXとした場合、ある任意の触媒粒子Aに対して、隣接する3つ以上の触媒粒子のそれぞれの重心が触媒粒子Aの重心と0.5X〜2Xの距離の範囲になるように、触媒粒子が導電性材料に担持され、
前記触媒粒子は、白金粒子または、白金30〜90原子%およびパラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、コバルト、ニッケル、鉄、クロム、及びマンガンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の合金化する金属10〜70原子%の組成の合金から形成され、および
前記導電性材料は、カーボンナノファイバー(CNF)の表面からカーボンを主成分とする突起を成長させた多枝カーボンナノファイバーまたはカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)の表面からカーボンを主成分とする突起を成長させた多枝カーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一方であることを特徴とする電極触媒。 - 前記導電性材料に担持した触媒粒子の平均粒子径がXであり、触媒粒子が直径Xの球形と仮定した場合、1gあたりの触媒粒子が導電性材料を占有する面積S1、1gあたりの導電性材料の表面積S2(ただし、S2は、孔径X以下の細孔内における表面積を除くものとする)、電極触媒中の触媒成分の質量分率G1及び電極触媒中の導電性材料の質量分率G2が、下記式:(S1・G1)/(S2・G2)=0.2〜1.35を満たすものである、請求項1に記載の電極触媒。
- 前記導電性材料に担持した触媒粒子の平均粒子径Xが、1nm〜10nmの範囲である、請求項1または2に記載の電極触媒。
- 前記導電性材料に担持した触媒粒子の粒子径が0.75X〜1.5Xの範囲である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の電極触媒。
- 電極触媒は、溶液還元法を用いて導電性材料に触媒成分を担持することによって製造される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電極触媒。
- 溶液還元法を用いて導電性材料に触媒成分を担持する工程において、エタノール、メタノール、プロパノール、ギ酸、ホルムアルデヒド、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、クエン酸、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム及びヒドラジンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を触媒粒子の還元剤として用いる、請求項5に記載の電極触媒。
- 溶液還元法を用いて導電性材料に触媒成分を担持する工程において、触媒成分を還元剤で還元処理する際に、一酸化炭素ガスを流入する、請求項6に記載の電極触媒。
- 水電解活性を有する触媒がさらに前記導電性材料に前記触媒粒子と共存担持され、前記水電解活性を有する触媒は触媒粒子とは異なる成分で構成されてなる、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の電極触媒。
- 前記水電解活性を有する触媒が、酸化イリジウム、酸化ルテニウム、イリジウムまたはルテニウムの少なくとも1種から形成される、請求項8に記載の電極触媒。
- 水電解活性を有する触媒は、加熱酸化法または電析法によって前記導電性材料に前記触媒粒子と共存担持される、請求項8または9に記載の電極触媒。
- 電解質膜と、前記電解質膜の一方の側に配置されたカソード触媒層と、前記電解質膜の他方の側に配置されたアノード触媒層とを有する電解質膜−電極接合体であって、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の電極触媒がカソード触媒層またはアノード触媒層の少なくとも一方に使用されることを特徴とする電解質膜−電極接合体。
- カソード触媒層またはアノード触媒層の少なくとも一方はさらに補強材を含む、請求項11に記載の電解質膜−電極接合体。
- 前記補強材は、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、トーカブラック、活性炭、グラファイト、カーボンナノファイバー、及びカーボンナノチューブからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項12に記載の電解質膜−電極接合体。
- 前記補強材は、カーボンナノファイバー(CNF)の表面からカーボンを主成分とする突起を成長させた多枝カーボンナノファイバーまたはカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)の表面からカーボンを主成分とする突起を成長させた多枝カーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一方を含む、請求項12または13に記載の電解質膜−電極接合体。
- 前記補強材の添加量が、電極触媒中の導電性材料1質量部に対して、0.01〜0.4質量部である、請求項12〜14のいずれか1項に記載の電解質膜−電極接合体。
- 請求項12〜15のいずれか1項に記載の電解質膜−電極接合体を用いてなる燃料電池。
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KR100831143B1 (ko) * | 2004-06-10 | 2008-05-20 | 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 | 금속촉매와 그 제조방법 |
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CN111403755A (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-07-10 | 华中科技大学 | 一种负载型贵金属催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN111403755B (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-08-03 | 华中科技大学 | 一种负载型贵金属催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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