JP4959145B2 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 101150097504 LHX1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910011104 LiM1 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 101100454869 Rattus norvegicus Lhx5 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018584 Mn 2-x O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVKRKMWZYMKVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]pyrazol-1-yl]-N-(2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)acetamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C=NN(C=1)CC(=O)NC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 JVKRKMWZYMKVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102100031416 Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000941284 Homo sapiens Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014078 LiMn1.9Al0.1O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014077 LiMn1.9Cr0.1O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014076 LiMn1.9Mg0.1O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014075 LiMn1.9Ni0.1O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical group [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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Description
出発原料として、Li2CO3、P2O5、Mn2O3粉末を用い、LiMnPO4、Li1.1Mn0.9PO4の組成となるように、それぞれをアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス中で秤量し、混合した。次いで酸化雰囲気中、500℃で15時間仮焼成し、その後800℃で48時間本焼成を行った後、急冷することで、オリビン構造を有する燐酸マンガンリチウムを合成した。得られた試料は、共に図1のX線回折図に示すようICDD33−0803のオリビン構造を有するPmnb斜方晶燐酸マンガンリチウムと同定された。
出発原料として、市販のLi2CO3、MnO2粉末を用い、LiMn2O4、Li1.1Mn1.9O4の組成となるようにそれぞれ秤量し、混合した。次いで酸化雰囲気中、800℃、24時間の焼成を行い、スピネル構造を有するマンガン酸リチウムを合成した。得られた試料は、共に図2のX線回折図に示すようICDD35−0782のスピネル構造を有するFd3m立方晶マンガン酸リチウムと同定された。
合成した燐酸マンガンリチウムとマンガン酸リチウムを表1に示す割合(質量%)となるように乾式混合して、正極活物質をそれぞれ調製した。
合成したLiM1xMn1-xPO4(正極活物質1)と、LiM2xMn2-xO4(正極活物質2)を、表5〜7に示す配合及び割合(質量%)となるように乾式混合して、正極活物質をそれぞれ調製した。
前述の正極材料である正極活物質を使用し、導電材であるアセチレンブラック粉末と結着材であるポリフッ化ビニリデンを、質量比70:25:5で添加・混合した。得られた混合物を300kg/cm2の圧力で直径10mmφの円板状にプレス成形して正極とした。次に、ECとDECが等体積比(1:1)で混合された有機溶媒に電解質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように溶解して調製した電解液と、カーボンからなる負極、正極と負極を隔てるセパレータ、及び、前述通り作製した正極を用いてコインセルをそれぞれ作製した(参照例1〜21、実施例1〜10、比較例1及び比較例2)。
作製したコインセル(参照例1〜7、比較例1及び比較例2)を室温にて正極活物質の容量に応じて、0.02、0.1、0.5mA/cm2レートの定電流で4.5Vまで充電後、同じレートの定電流で3Vまで放電した際の放電容量を求めた。その結果を表2に示す。
次に、上記実施例と同じ要領で作製したコインセル(参照例1〜7、比較例1及び比較例2)を内温60℃に設定した恒温槽内に設置し、前述と同じ試験条件で充放電試験した際の放電容量を求めた。その結果を表3に示す。
次に、上記実施例と同じ要領で作製したコインセル(参照例1〜7、比較例1及び比較例2)を内温60℃と室温に設定した恒温槽内に設置し、0.1mA/cm2の充放電電流で3〜4.5V間の電圧規制条件で充放電サイクルを100サイクルまで行い、100サイクル経過後の放電容量維持率(%)を測定した。尚、本評価における「放電容量維持率(%)」とは、100サイクル経過後の放電容量を、初回の放電容量で除して得た数値(%)のことである。結果を表4に示す。
また、上記実施例と同じ要領で作製したコインセル(参照例8〜21、実施例1〜10)を内温60℃に設定した恒温槽内に設置し、0.1mA/cm2の充放電電流で3〜4.5V間の電圧規制条件で充放電サイクルを100サイクルまで行い、100サイクル経過後の放電容量維持率(%)を測定した。結果を表5〜7に示す。
表2〜4の結果から、マンガン酸リチウムに対する燐酸マンガンリチウムの混合割合が増えるにつれて、表4に示すように60℃の容量維持率が増える傾向にあるが、一方で表2に示すように室温では電流値が大きくなると容量が小さくなる傾向にあった。
表5〜7に示すように、燐酸マンガンリチウム、マンガン酸リチウムのMnの一部をLi、Fe、Ni、Mg、Zn、Co、Cr、Al、B、V、Si、Sn、Nb、Ta、Cu、Mo及びWから選ばれる少なくとも1種で置換したものを混合して正極活物質に用いると、60℃の容量維持率が更に向上することが分かった。この理由として、置換することで燐酸マンガンリチウム、マンガン酸リチウムの結晶構造がより安定化し、また、混合電子価により、バルクの導電性が向上したためと考えられる。
Claims (8)
- オリビン型燐酸マンガンリチウムとスピネル型マンガン酸リチウムとが混合された非水電解質二次電池用正極であって、
前記オリビン型燐酸マンガンリチウムの一般式が、LiM1 x Mn 1−x PO 4 (M1:マンガン以外の1種以上の金属元素、0<x(置換量)≦0.5)で表されるとともに、
前記M1が、Li、Mg、Zn、Cr、Al、B、V、Si、Sn、Nb、Ta、Cu、Mo及びWから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上である非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - 前記スピネル型マンガン酸リチウムの一般式が、LiM2 x Mn 2−x O 4 (M2:マンガン以外の1種以上の金属元素、0≦x(置換量)≦0.5)で表される請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 前記M2が、Li、Fe、Ni、Mg、Zn、Co、Cr、Al、B、V、Si、Sn、Nb、Ta、Cu、Mo、Ti及びWから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上である請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 前記置換量が、0≦x≦0.3である請求項2又は3に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 前記オリビン型燐酸マンガンリチウムの混合割合が、10〜90質量%である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- リチウムイオンを挿入・脱離可能な正極活物質を含有する正極と、前記リチウムイオンを挿入・脱離可能な負極活物質を有する負極と、電解質を含む非水溶媒と、を備えた非水電解質二次電池であって、前記正極が、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極である非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記電解質が、LiPF 6 、LiBF 4 、LiClO 4 のいずれか1種以上を含有する請求項6に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質が、高黒鉛化炭素材料又はハードカーボンである請求項6又は7に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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