JP4897223B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4897223B2 JP4897223B2 JP2005015935A JP2005015935A JP4897223B2 JP 4897223 B2 JP4897223 B2 JP 4897223B2 JP 2005015935 A JP2005015935 A JP 2005015935A JP 2005015935 A JP2005015935 A JP 2005015935A JP 4897223 B2 JP4897223 B2 JP 4897223B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- oxide
- active material
- secondary battery
- mass
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
先ず、次のようにして第2の酸化物を含む正極活物質(第1の酸化物)を作製した。反応容器内に水酸化ナトリウムの添加によりpHを約12に調整した2質量%のアンモニア水を用意し、これを強攪拌しながら、この中に硫酸マンガン1.02mol/L、硫酸ニッケル1.02mol/L及び硫酸コバルト0.96mol/Lを含有する混合水溶液を46mL/分の割合で、及び25質量%のアンモニア水を3.3mL/分の割合でそれぞれ定量ポンプを用いて滴下し、MnとNiとCoとの共沈水酸化物を生成させた。このとき、反応液の温度は50℃に保持し、また、反応液のpHが約12付近に維持されるように、3.2mol/Lの濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液も同時に滴下した。さらに、反応に際して、反応液の雰囲気が不活性雰囲気となるように、窒素ガスを1L/分の割合でパージした。
負極活物質である平均粒径10μmの天然黒鉛97.5質量部と、結着剤であるスチレンブタジエンゴム1.5質量部と、増粘剤であるカルボキシメチルセルロース1質量部とに水を加えて混合し、負極合剤スラリーとした。この負極合剤スラリーを厚さ10μmの銅箔の両面に塗布した後、120℃で12時間の真空乾燥を行った。その後、ニッケル製のリード体を溶接して帯状の負極を作製した。この負極の電極密度は1.65g/cm3であった。
非水電解質としては、ECとMECとDECとの容量比1:1:1の混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1mol/L溶解させたものを調製した。
上記帯状の正極を、厚さ18μmの微孔性ポリエチレンセパレータ(空孔率:41%)を介して、上記帯状の負極に重ね、渦巻状に巻回した後、扁平状になるように加圧して扁平状巻回構造の電極巻回体とし、この電極巻回体をポリプロピレン製の絶縁テープで固定した。次に、外寸が厚さ4.0mm、幅34mm、高さ50mmのアルミニウム合金製の角形の電池ケースに上記電極巻回体を挿入し、リード体の溶接を行うとともに、アルミニウム合金製の蓋板を電池ケースの開口端部に溶接した。その後、蓋板に設けた注入口から上記非水電解質を注入し、1時間静置した。
反応容器内に水酸化ナトリウムの添加によりpHを約12に調整した2質量%のアンモニア水を用意し、これを強攪拌しながら、この中に硫酸マンガン1.03mol/L、硫酸ニッケル1.03mol/L及び硫酸コバルト0.97mol/Lを含有する混合水溶液を46mL/分の割合で、及び25質量%のアンモニア水を3.3mL/分の割合でそれぞれ定量ポンプを用いて滴下し、MnとNiとCoとの共沈水酸化物を生成させた。このとき、反応液の温度は50℃に保持し、また、反応液のpHが約12付近に維持されるように、3.2mol/Lの濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液も同時に滴下した。さらに、反応に際して、反応液の雰囲気が不活性雰囲気となるように、窒素ガスを1L/分の割合でパージした。
正極活物質としてLiCoO2を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本比較例の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。なお、本比較例の正極の電極密度は、3.55g/cm3であった。
実施例1〜6及び比較例1、2の各電池を、20℃において0.2Aで4.4Vになるまで定電流充電した後、電流値が0.02Aとなるまで4.4Vで定電圧充電を行った。その後、20℃において0.2Aで3.0Vまで放電して放電容量を測定した。
上記容量試験後の各電池を1.0Aで12Vまで充電後、さらに12Vで定電圧充電し、電池の表面温度が130℃を超えた場合には「不良」とした。供試電池のサンプル数は3とし、この中で1つでも不良の電池があれば「不合格」と判断し、全く不良の電池がなければ「合格」と判断し、過充電特性を評価した。
新たに作製した実施例1〜6及び比較例1、2の各電池を、20℃において1.0Aで4.4Vになるまで定電流充電した後、電流値が0.1Aとなるまで4.4Vで定電圧充電を行い、その後、20℃において1.0Aで3.0Vまで放電する充放電サイクルを300回繰り返し、1サイクル目の放電容量と300サイクル目の放電容量を測定した。
容量維持率(%)=(300サイクル目の放電容量/1サイクル目の放電容量)×100
<貯蔵特性試験>
新たに作製した実施例1〜6及び比較例1、2の各電池を、20℃において0.2Aで4.4Vになるまで定電流充電した後、電流値が0.02Aとなるまで4.4Vで定電圧充電を行った。その後、20℃において0.2Aで3.0Vまで放電して放電容量を測定した。次に、上記と同様にして充電した後、恒温槽中において60℃で20日間貯蔵した。貯蔵後の電池を20℃まで自然冷却した後、各電池を20℃において0.2Aで3.0Vまで放電して貯蔵後の放電容量を測定した。続いて、貯蔵前の放電容量と貯蔵後の放電容量を用いて、下記式により容量回復率を算出し、貯蔵特性を評価した。
容量回復率(%)=(貯蔵後の放電容量/貯蔵前の放電容量)×100
以上の結果を表1に示す。
2 電池ケース
3 蓋板
4 絶縁パッキング
5 端子
6 正極
7 負極
8 セパレータ
9 電極巻回体
10 絶縁体
11 正極リード体
12 負極リード体
13 絶縁体
14 リード板
Claims (9)
- 正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極は、正極活物質として、組成式Li(1+δ)MnxNiyCo(1-x-y)O2で表される組成を有する第1の酸化物を含み、
前記δ、x、yは、それぞれ−0.15<δ<0.15、0.1<x≦0.5、0.5<x+y<1.0の関係を満足し、
前記正極は、組成式Li 2 MO 3 で表される組成を有し、前記Mは、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Al、Si、Ga、Ge及びSnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を表す第2の酸化物をさらに含み、
前記正極は、前記第1の酸化物と前記第2の酸化物との合計質量に対して、前記第2の酸化物を0.1質量%以上10質量%以下含むことを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記組成式Li (1+δ) Mn x Ni y Co (1-x-y) O 2 において、x+y≦0.78である請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記第2の酸化物は、前記第1の酸化物の表面に固定されて正極活物質粒子を形成している請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質粒子の平均粒径及び比表面積は、それぞれ5μm以上25μm以下、0.2m2/g以上0.6m2/g以下である請求項3に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極は、導電助剤と結着剤とをさらに含む請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極は、前記第1の酸化物と前記第2の酸化物と前記導電助剤と前記結着剤との合計質量に対して、前記第1の酸化物と前記第2の酸化物とを94質量%以上99質量%以下含み、前記導電助剤を0.5質量%以上3質量%以下含み、前記結着剤を0.5質量%以上3質量%以下含む請求項5に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記導電助剤は、カーボンブラックを含む請求項5又は6に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記結着剤は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン又はポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む請求項5又は6に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質は、溶媒と電解質塩とを含み、前記溶媒は、前記溶媒の全容量に対してジエチルカーボネートを15容量%以上80容量%以下含む請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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