JP4886074B2 - バイオマス糖化の前処理方法及びその前処理方法を用いた糖化方法 - Google Patents
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
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- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
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- C12P2201/00—Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
処理方法である。
10:投入口
11:排出口
12:連結管
13:水蒸気管
2:減圧タンク
20:導入口
21:加熱処理物取り出し管
本発明に用いられる、アルコール原料となるバイオマスは、バイオマス中にホロセルロース(セルロース、ヘミセルロース両方合わせたものの総称)成分と澱粉成分を含むものであり、乾物中にホロセルロースの重量と澱粉の重量の比(重量比)が1:0.3〜3の範囲で含むものが好ましい。
本発明において、糖化処理の前処理は、上述のバイオマスを、酸処理することなく、60℃〜115℃の温度で加熱処理する点に特徴がある。かかる温度範囲で前処理すると、バイオマス中にホロセルロース成分と澱粉成分を含んでも、そのバイオマスの糖化率が約60%程度にまで達し、高い糖化率を実現できる。好ましい処理温度は、60℃〜105℃であり、さらに好ましい処理温度は上限が100℃以下の温度である。100℃以下の温度の場合には、高コストな耐圧容器を使用しないで処理できる効果がある。
糖化処理は、糖化酵素を添加して、ホロセルロース及び澱粉の糖化(加水分解)を行う。発酵処理は、酵母を用いた発酵処理でアルコールを製造する。
実施例1
糖化率(%)=(グルコース生成量/投入固形分量)×100
実施例1と同様に加熱処理したサゴ澱粉抽出残渣を、50mlガラスバイアル瓶に移して糖化処理を行った。バイアル瓶に絶乾固形物濃度が2%になるように、クエン酸緩衝液(0.05M pH5.0)で調整して20ml入れ、アミラーゼ(ナガセケムテックス社製「XL−4」)を基質固形物あたり0.08g、およびセルラーゼ(明治製菓株式会社製)を基質固形物あたり1.5%添加して、40℃で糖化処理をした。
実施例2において、添加する酵素をアミラーゼのみにして同様に糖化処理をし、糖化率を求めた。
実施例1の加熱処理装置を用いて、サゴ澱粉抽出残渣を100℃で2〜3秒加熱処理をし、その後、50mlガラスバイアル瓶に移して糖化処理を行った。バイアル瓶に絶乾固形物濃度が5%になるように、クエン酸緩衝液(0.05M pH5.0)で調整して20ml入れ、アミラーゼ(ナガセケムテックス社製「XL−4」)を基質固形物あたり0.08g、およびセルラーゼ(明治製菓株式会社製)を基質固形物あたり1%添加して、45℃で糖化処理をした。
加熱時間を5分(実施例4)、10分(実施例5)、30分(実施例6)とした以外は実施例3と同様にし、糖化率を求めた。
加熱処理なしのをサゴ澱粉抽出残渣について、実施例3と同様にし、糖化率を求めた。
ホロセルロース:澱粉の重量比が1.5:1のサゴ澱粉抽出残渣を、高圧蒸気滅菌器(オートクレーブ)に容器ごと入れ、100℃で5分間加熱した。
Claims (4)
- セルロースと澱粉を含むバイオマスを糖化酵素として少なくともホロセルロースの糖化を行う酵素を用いて糖化処理する前段階に行う前処理方法において、
前記バイオマスを、酸処理することなく、60℃〜115℃の温度で加熱処理することを特徴とするバイオマス糖化の前処理方法。 - 前記加熱処理に供される前記バイオマス中のセルロースと澱粉の組成比(重量比)が、ホロセルロースの重量:澱粉の重量=1:0.3〜3であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオマス糖化の前処理方法。
- 前記バイオマスが、サゴ由来のバイオマスであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のバイオマス糖化の前処理方法。
- セルロースと澱粉を含むバイオマスを糖化酵素により糖化を行う糖化方法であって、
前記糖化を行う前に、酸処理することなく、60℃〜115℃の温度で加熱する加熱処理を行い、
前記糖化酵素として少なくともホロセルロースの糖化を行う酵素を用いて、前記糖化を行うことを特徴とするバイオマスの糖化方法。
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PCT/JP2010/052288 WO2010093047A1 (ja) | 2009-02-16 | 2010-02-16 | バイオマス糖化の前処理方法及びその前処理方法を用いた糖化方法 |
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JP2013066420A (ja) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-04-18 | Equos Research Co Ltd | セルロース系バイオマス原料の可溶化方法 |
MY175243A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2020-06-16 | Univ Kuala Lumpur Unikl | A method of hydrolyzing polysaccharides |
JP2014212776A (ja) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-17 | 出光興産株式会社 | 酵母培養方法 |
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JP2005013131A (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Toozen Sangyo Kk | 乳酸の製造方法 |
JP2007195406A (ja) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-08-09 | Shinseiki Hakko Kenkyusho:Kk | エタノール生産発酵法 |
JP2007202518A (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-16 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | 木質系バイオマスチップの前処理方法及び前処理装置 |
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US5865898A (en) * | 1992-08-06 | 1999-02-02 | The Texas A&M University System | Methods of biomass pretreatment |
JP2009213449A (ja) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-24 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | 油系植物バイオマス残渣を原料とする単糖類、エタノールの製造方法 |
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JP2005013131A (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Toozen Sangyo Kk | 乳酸の製造方法 |
JP2007195406A (ja) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-08-09 | Shinseiki Hakko Kenkyusho:Kk | エタノール生産発酵法 |
JP2007202518A (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-16 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | 木質系バイオマスチップの前処理方法及び前処理装置 |
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |