JP4837661B2 - 多成分系酸化物コート層を有する電極活性物質及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
多成分系酸化物コート層を有する電極活性物質及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4837661B2 JP4837661B2 JP2007521414A JP2007521414A JP4837661B2 JP 4837661 B2 JP4837661 B2 JP 4837661B2 JP 2007521414 A JP2007521414 A JP 2007521414A JP 2007521414 A JP2007521414 A JP 2007521414A JP 4837661 B2 JP4837661 B2 JP 4837661B2
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- active material
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- lithium
- secondary battery
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012688 phosphorus precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- -1 LiCoO 2 Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2-chloroacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCl)CC1 PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- SCIGVHCNNXTQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O SCIGVHCNNXTQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020647 Co-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020704 Co—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromomethane Chemical compound BrCBr FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVACALAUIQMRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O TVACALAUIQMRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Li+] CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M4/1315—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M4/13915—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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Description
Li0.5CoO2→1/2LiCoO2+1/6Co3O4+1/6O2
Al1−aPaXbO4−b (I)
(式中、Xはハロゲン元素を示し、0<a<1及び0<b<1である。)
1−1.電極活性物質の製造
臭化アルミニウム30gを1.0Mの濃度を有するジブロモメタンに溶かし、この溶液に粒径が10μmであるLiCoO2(日本ケミカル社製)粉末100gを入れた後、10分間攪拌した。その後、モノデシルフォスフェイト(C12H25OPO(OH)2)0.4gを加え、30℃の温度下で約1時間攪拌し続けた。攪拌後、スラリー状の混合物を100℃のオーブンにおいて5時間完全に乾燥した後、600℃において5時間熱処理して徐々に冷却した。熱処理時の昇温速度は、100℃/分にした。
前記実施例1−1に従い製造された電極活性物質94重量%、それぞれ3重量%の導電剤(Super P carbon black)及びバインダー(PVdF)を均一に混合し、溶媒としてN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)を加えることにより、均一な状態のスラリーを得た。次いで、得られたスラリーをアルミニウム箔の片方に塗布し、真空オーブン100℃において乾燥することにより水分を除去して正極として使用した。また、負極としてリチウム金属を、セパレータとして多孔性のポリエチレン膜を、そして電解質として1MのLiPF6が溶解されたEC/DEC(1:1)系の液体電解液を用いることにより、コイン型の半電池を製造した。
臭化アルミニウム及びモノデシルフォスフェイトの含量をそれぞれ30g及び0.4gから60g及び0.8gに変えた以外は、前記実施例1の方法と同様にして電極活性物質、この電極活性物質を用いた正極、この正極を有するコイン型電池を製造した。
臭化アルミニウム及びモノデシルフォスフェイトの含量をそれぞれ30g及び0.4gから90g及び1.2gに変えた以外は、前記実施例1の方法と同様にして電極活性物質、この電極活性物質を用いた正極、この正極を有するコイン型電池を製造した。
当分野における通常のLiCoO2(日本ケミカル社製、粒径:10μm)粉末100gを正極活性物質として使用した以外は、前記実施例1の方法と同様にして正極及びこの正極を有するコイン型電池を製造した。
本発明に係る多成分系酸化物コート層を有する電極活性物質の表面を評価するために、下記の如き電子透過顕微鏡(TEM:transmission electron microscope)実験を行った。
本発明に係る多成分系酸化物コート層を有する電極活性物質を用いて製造されたリチウム二次電池に対し、下記のようにして性能評価を行った。
実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1に従いそれぞれ製造されたコイン型電池の熱的安全性を測定するために、下記のようにして示差走査熱量測定(DSC:differential scanning calorimetry)分析を行った。
多成分系酸化物コート層を有する電極活性物質を用いて製造された実施例1ないし実施例3のリチウム二次電池の容量を測定するために、下記のような実験を行った。対照群としては、未コートLiCoO2の正極活性物質を用いて製造された比較例1の電池を使用した。
Claims (9)
- リチウム二次電池用正極活性物質であって、
(a)リチウムを吸蔵又は放出可能なリチウム含有複合酸化物粒子と、
(b)前記リチウム含有複合酸化物粒子表面の一部又は全部に形成されてなる多成分系酸化物コート層とを備えてなり、
前記多成分系酸化物コート層が、アルミニウム、リン及びハロゲン元素を含んでなるものである、リチウム二次電池用正極活性物質。 - 前記多成分系酸化物コート層が、下記式(I)で表わされる化合物である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活性物質。
Al1−aPaXbO4−b (I)
(上記式中、
Xはハロゲン元素を示し、
0<a<1、及び
0<b<1である。) - 前記多成分系酸化物コート層が、非晶質、結晶質又はこれらの混合形である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活性物質。
- 前記多成分系酸化物の含有量が、前記電極活性物質100重量部当たり0.1ないし10重量部である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活性物質。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活性物質を備えてなる、正極。
- リチウム二次電池であって、
正極と、負極と、セパレータと、及び電解質とを備えてなり、
前記正極が、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活性物質を含んでなる、電気化学素子。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活性物質を製造する方法であって、
(a)アルミニウム前駆体、リン前駆体及びハロゲン前駆体化合物を溶媒に溶解しコート液を得てなり、
(b)前記(a)工程で得られたコート液にリチウム含有複合酸化物粒子を付加し、かつ、得られた混合物を攪拌し前記コート液でコートすべき前記リチウム二次電池用正極活性物質を生じさせてなり、及び
(c)前記(b)工程でコートされた前記リチウム二次電池用正極活性物質を熱処理することを含んでなる、製造方法。 - 多成分系酸化物コート層を含んでなるリチウム二次電池用正極の製造方法であって、
(a)アルミニウム前駆体、リン前駆体及びハロゲン前駆体化合物を溶媒に溶解しコート液を得てなり、
(b)前記コート液を予め製造された正極の表面に付与し、又は、前記コート液を電極材料と混合し、正極を得てなり、及び
(c)前記正極を乾燥することを含んでなる、製造方法。 - 前記コート液を正極活性材料粒子と混合する前記(b)工程が、前記コート液と前記正極活性材料粒子を混合して電極スラリーを形成し、かつ、得られた電極スラリーを集電体に付与することにより行われるものである、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
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