JP4802945B2 - 二次電池の制御システムおよびそれを搭載したハイブリッド車両 - Google Patents
二次電池の制御システムおよびそれを搭載したハイブリッド車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4802945B2 JP4802945B2 JP2006235699A JP2006235699A JP4802945B2 JP 4802945 B2 JP4802945 B2 JP 4802945B2 JP 2006235699 A JP2006235699 A JP 2006235699A JP 2006235699 A JP2006235699 A JP 2006235699A JP 4802945 B2 JP4802945 B2 JP 4802945B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
- B60W2710/083—Torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/24—Energy storage means
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Description
での物質輸送(拡散現象)を解析する必要がある。
報として予測する。そして、負荷制御部は、電池情報として予測された時間を考慮して、二次電池の過充電および過放電を回避するように負荷の動作指令を生成する。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に従う二次電池の制御システムによって制御される電源システムの構成を説明する概略ブロック図である。
図2を参照して、二次電池10を構成する各電池セル10♯は、負極12と、セパレータ14と、正極15とを含む。セパレータ14は、負極12および正極15の間に設けられた樹脂に電解液を浸透させることで構成される。
図3を参照して、電池モデル式では、各電池セル10♯の負極12および正極15のそれぞれにおいて、各活物質18の挙動が共通であるものと仮定して、負極12および正極15のそれぞれについて、代表的に1個ずつの活物質18nおよび18pを想定することができる。あるいは、図2に示す負極12および正極15のそれぞれにおいて、複数個の活物質18nおよび複数個の活物質18pの挙動をそれぞれ独立に解析して、各電極内での状態推定値の位置的(空間的)分布を求めることとしても良い。
電池モデル部60は、下記の電池モデル式(M1)〜(M15)によって構成され、その機能構成は、図4のブロック図により示される。また、図5には、電池モデル式(M1)〜(M15)内で用いられる変数および定数の一覧表が示される。図5に示された、電池温度T(電池内部)、各電位、リチウム濃度を示すための変数が、本発明における「状態推定値」に対応する。
実施の形態2以降では、実施の形態1で説明した電池モデルによって算出された状態推定値に基づく充放電制御を順次例示する。まず、実施の形態2では、電池モデル部60によって算出された状態推定値の二次電池10内部での分布を反映した充放電制御について説明する。
図8〜図10は、二次電池の内部状態としてリチウム濃度の内部分布に着目した充放電制限を説明する図である。
図11には、図8と同様に、電池モデルによるある時点における二次電池10内部での温度分布予測が示される。局所的な内部温度に関しても、上限管理値Tjが予め定められる。
ECU50から冷却ファン40への制御指令により、停止状態の冷却ファン40を作動させたり、あるいは、作動状態の冷却ファン40による供給冷媒量(冷却風量)を増加させてもよい。特に、冷却ファン40の作動時における冷却風量は、局所最高温度Tmaxの上昇に応じて連続的にあるいは段階的に増加させる設定とすることが好ましい。
さらに、電池情報生成部70は、図13および図14に示すように、電池モデル部60によって予測された内部状態としての電位分布φe,φsに基づいて入出力可能電力Win,Woutを設定する。
図15は、実施の形態2による充放電制御を説明するフローチャートである。
サ値を反映した電池モデル(式(M1)〜(M15),(C1)および(C2))に従った数値計算により、二次電池の内部状態の予測値を算出する。既に説明したように、この内部状態には、局所的なリチウムイオン濃度分布(cs,ce)、局所的な電位分布(φe,φs)および局所的な温度分布(T)が含まれるものとする。
実施の形態1に示した電池モデルによる電池内部状態の予測精度は、電池モデルに用いられる定数(パラメータ)の精度に左右される。実施の形態3では、電池モデル部60におけるパラメータの更新およびパラメータ更新に伴う余寿命推定について説明する。
は、パルス状電流の出力に応じて、パルス電流の遮断後(すなわち、時刻t2以降)において徐々に復帰する。このような電圧挙動は電圧センサ34により検知され、バッテリ電圧Vbは比較部75に入力される。なお、このような診断モードは、二次電池の使用終了から所定時間(30分程度)が経過して、二次電池の内部状態が静的となった後に行なうことが好ましい。
図19を参照して、バッテリECU50は、ステップS200では、診断モードの起動条件が成立しているかどうかを確認する。診断モードの起動条件は、一定期間の経過ごと
や、車両搭載時には一定距離走行ごとに成立する。あるいは、電池モデル部60によって求められるリチウムイオン濃度分布の平均値としての平均SOCを別途求め、バッテリ電流Ibの積算値をベースに求められた全体SOCとの偏差に応じて診断モードの起動条件を成立させてもよい。
実施の形態3の変形例では、特別な診断モードを実行することなく、二次電池10の使用時のデータに基づいて、パラメータ更新を行なう構成について説明する。
実施の形態4では、電池モデル部60によって算出される状態推定値を用いた所定の予測演算結果を電池情報として制御装置80へ出力する制御構成について説明する。
実施の形態4の変形例1では、電池情報生成部による挙動予測部によって、その時点での充放電条件(入出力電力)に対する劣化度合を評価することによって、二次電池の充放電を制限する構成について説明する。
図30は、実施の形態4の変形例2による二次電池の充放電制御の機能構成を説明するブロック図である。
および上限入力電力Wi♯が求められる。なお、このような入出力電力制限の設定について電池情報生成部70で実行して、上限出力電力Wo♯および上限入力電力Wi♯を予測情報に内包して、電池情報生成部70から制御装置80へ逐次送出する構成とすることも可能である。
実施の形態5では、以上説明してきた、実施の形態1〜4およびその変形例による二次電池の制御システムのハイブリッド車両への適用について説明する。
、V1〜V4 判定値(端子間電圧)、Wc 入出力電圧(現在)、Wi♯ 上限入力電力、Win 入出力可能電力、Win 入力(充電)可能電力、Wimax 最大入力電圧、Wo♯ 上限出力電力、Womax 最大出力電力、Wout 出力(放電)可能電力、X,Y 劣化管理パラメータ。
Claims (10)
- 負荷との間で電力を授受可能に構成された二次電池の制御システムであって、
前記二次電池は、
所定物質が固層で存在する活物質を含んで構成される第1および第2の電極と、
前記第1および第2の電極間に設けられ、イオン化した前記所定物質を前記電極間で伝導するためのイオン伝導体とを含み、
前記制御システムは、
前記二次電池に設けられたセンサによる検出値に基づき、前記二次電池の内部状態を動的に推定可能な電池モデルに従って電池状態を示す状態推定値を逐次的に算出するための電池状態推定部と、
前記電池状態推定部によって算出された前記状態推定値に基づき、前記二次電池の充放電制限のための電池情報を生成するための電池情報生成部と、
前記負荷への動作要求に基づき、前記電池情報生成部による前記電池情報を考慮して、前記二次電池の過充電および過放電を回避するように前記負荷の動作指令を生成するための負荷制御部とを備え、
前記電池状態推定部は、
各前記電極において、前記活物質とイオン伝導体との界面における前記所定物質の電気化学反応を推定するための第1のモデル部と、
各前記電極内での前記所定物質の濃度分布を拡散方程式に基づいて推定するための第2のモデル部と、
前記イオン伝導体内での前記所定物質のイオン濃度分布を拡散方程式に基づいて推定するための第3のモデル部と、
前記電気化学反応による反応電流によって各前記電極および前記イオン伝導体内に生じる電流分布に従った電位分布を推定するための第4のモデル部と、
前記第2のモデル部で用いられる前記拡散方程式の前記界面における境界条件を、前記所定物質の濃度の時間微分および前記反応電流の間の所定の関係式に基づいて設定するための境界条件設定部とを含む、二次電池の制御システム。 - 前記電池情報は、前記二次電池が入出力可能な上限電力を含み、
前記電池情報生成部は、前記二次電池内部の各部位での前記状態推定値の分布に基づき、前記入出力可能な上限電力を設定し、
前記負荷制御部は、前記電池情報生成部により設定された前記入出力可能な上限電力以下の範囲内で、前記負荷の動作指令を生成する、請求項1記載の二次電池の制御システム。 - 前記センサによる検出値に基づき、前記電池モデルに用いられるパラメータを同定するパラメータ同定モデル部と、
前記センサによって検知される前記二次電池の実際の挙動と、前記電池状態推定部による予測値に基づく前記挙動の予測値との差が所定より大きい場合に、前記パラメータ同定
モデル部によって同定されたパラメータについて、前記電池モデルで使用するパラメータ値を前記パラメータ同定モデル部による同定値に更新するパラメータ更新部とをさらに備える、請求項1記載の二次電池の制御システム。 - 前記電池モデルに用いられるパラメータの前記二次電池の使用に伴う劣化特性を予め記憶する劣化特性記憶部と、
前記パラメータ更新部によって更新されたパラメータを、前記劣化特性記憶部に記憶された前記劣化特性と比較することにより、前記二次電池の劣化推定を行なう劣化推定部とをさらに備える、請求項4記載の二次電池の制御システム。 - 前記電池情報生成部は、前記電池状態推定部により推定された現在での前記状態推定値に基づき、前記二次電池が所定電力を現時点から継続的に入出力可能な時間を前記電池情報として予測し、
前記負荷制御部は、前記電池情報として予測された前記時間を考慮して、前記二次電池の過充電および過放電を回避するように前記負荷の動作指令を生成する、請求項1記載の二次電池の制御システム。 - 前記電池情報生成部は、前記電池状態推定部により推定された現時点での前記状態推定値に基づき、前記二次電池が所定電力を現時点から継続的に入出力した場合における該二次電池の劣化率を前記電池情報として予測し、
前記負荷制御部は、前記電池情報として予測された劣化率を考慮して前記負荷の動作指令を生成する、請求項1記載の二次電池の制御システム。 - 前記センサによる検出値に基づき、前記二次電池の劣化度または余寿命を推定する劣化度推定部をさらに備え、
前記負荷制御部は、前記劣化度推定部により推定された前記劣化度または前記余寿命を考慮して、現時点において許容される劣化率範囲を求めるとともに、前記電池情報として予測された劣化率が前記劣化率範囲内となるような前記二次電池の充放電電力範囲内に制限して、前記負荷の動作指令を生成する、請求項7記載の二次電池の制御システム。 - 前記二次電池は、リチウムイオン電池で構成され、
前記所定物質はリチウムである、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池の制御システム。 - 車両の駆動力を発生可能に構成された内燃機関および電動機と、
請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池の制御システムとを備え、
前記二次電池は、前記電動機を前記負荷とするように構成され、
前記負荷制御部は、前記負荷の動作指令として、前記電動機のトルク指令値を生成し、
前記車両全体での要求駆動力が確保されるように、前記内燃機関および前記電動機がそれぞれ出力する駆動力を決定するための制御部をさらに備える、ハイブリッド車両。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006235699A JP4802945B2 (ja) | 2006-08-31 | 2006-08-31 | 二次電池の制御システムおよびそれを搭載したハイブリッド車両 |
EP07792984.2A EP2124288B1 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-20 | Secondary battery control system and hybrid vehicle equipped with same |
PCT/JP2007/066504 WO2008026525A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-20 | Secondary battery control system and hybrid vehicle equipped with same |
US12/375,956 US8018203B2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-20 | Control system of secondary battery and hybrid vehicle equipped with the same |
CN2007800320262A CN101512827B (zh) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-20 | 二次电池的控制系统以及装载有该控制系统的混合动力车辆 |
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JP2006235699A JP4802945B2 (ja) | 2006-08-31 | 2006-08-31 | 二次電池の制御システムおよびそれを搭載したハイブリッド車両 |
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JP2008059910A JP2008059910A (ja) | 2008-03-13 |
JP4802945B2 true JP4802945B2 (ja) | 2011-10-26 |
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