JP4762517B2 - プリンター用トナーの製造方法 - Google Patents
プリンター用トナーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4762517B2 JP4762517B2 JP2004261756A JP2004261756A JP4762517B2 JP 4762517 B2 JP4762517 B2 JP 4762517B2 JP 2004261756 A JP2004261756 A JP 2004261756A JP 2004261756 A JP2004261756 A JP 2004261756A JP 4762517 B2 JP4762517 B2 JP 4762517B2
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- Prior art keywords
- spherical
- particles
- nozzle
- present
- toner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
また、フェノール樹脂の球状粒子は、鐘紡社のベルパールSや群栄化学社製のマリリンHF−050Wが市販されている。これらの製法は、レゾール樹脂とホルマリンのようなアルデヒドを乳化重合する工程で高速回転させ微粒化重合している。しかし、特開2003−203829号公報には、これらの粒状粒子の大きさは、30μm〜500μmの大きな粒子のため3〜8μmの実用粒径まで再粉砕してから、電子部品材料に用いられる。また、特開平11−1314では、フェノール樹脂にセルロース誘導体と溶媒を混合させ、相互に層分離させ、フェノール樹脂を硬化させ、その後、溶媒、セルロースを除去する方法が提案されている。この方法は、工程が複雑で、かつ、樹脂の微粒化工程が記載されず、何故、微粒化粒子の形成が可能になるかが記載されていない。
このように粒子径が9μm以下の超微粒子を無粉砕で、製造する方法は、現在迄に提案及び実用化されていないのが現状である。
また、上記の従来例で、第2、第3物質を用いて、乳化重合時に高速回転し、微粒化粒子を得る方法も工程が複雑で、不純物の除去が困難で、また、粉砕工程を経ないと微粒化は、困難であった。
本発明の課題解決の手段は、特殊な貫通孔と貫通孔密度を有する基盤をノズルに用いることを特徴としている。この基盤ノズルは、貫通孔の穴径が0.05μm〜50μmで、貫通孔のアスペクト比(穴径と貫通孔の長さの比)が、5〜200で有し、貫通孔の密度が100〜7000個/cm2の貫通孔密度を有する基盤をノズルに用いる。
本発明では、この多数の貫通孔を有する基盤ノズルを圧電素子やモーター駆動により周期的に微振動させ、粉末原料からなる液状のスラリー状物質を多数の貫通孔を有するノズル開孔部で、定量的に、周期的にスラリーを切断し、球状の液滴とし、その後、乾燥、還元、酸化、熱処理、炭化、活性炭化等の工程を経て、無粉砕で、目的の球状超微粒子を得る製法である。なお、本発明工程で、必要に応じて、本発明のノズルと大地間には、外部電源を用いて印荷させ、ノズルから噴出された霧化粒子には、荷電され、粒子相互が再結合しないように構成するのも本発明の特徴の一つである。
(1)すなわち、本発明のプリンター用トナーの製造方法は、
穴径が0.05μm〜50μmの貫通孔を多数有する基盤ノズルを定速度振動し、
窒素及び水素から成る還元雰囲気中で、塩化鉄溶液を該基盤ノズルから通過させて球状鉄粉微粒子を製造し、
フェノール、ホルマリン、界面活性剤及び重合安定剤からなるフェノール樹脂原料を、前記の定速度振動する基盤ノズルから通過させることによって、球形微粒子を形成し、
該球形微粒子を窒素雰囲気中にて炭化処理することによってカーボントナーの球状超微粒子を製造し、
上記球状鉄微粒子と上記カーボントナーの球状超微粒子とを、接着剤及び界面活性剤と共に混合、攪拌して乳化重合反応を行い、
乳化重合反応後に濾過、洗浄及び乾燥を順次行うことを特徴とする。
(2)また、上記の本発明のプリンター用トナーの製造方法において、貫通孔のアスペクト比が5〜200で、貫通孔の孔密度が100〜17000個/cm2の開孔密度を有する基盤を、前記基盤ノズルとして用いることができる。
(3)また、上記の本発明のプリンター用トナーの製造方法において、前記基盤ノズルの定速度振動を超音波振動子や圧電素子の動力による定速度振動によって行い、液状物を均一液状粒子に分断し、液状球状粒子を形成することができる。
電気化学用活性炭として、空気湿電池用、電気二重層キャパシタ用が大量に使用されているが、最近、脚光を浴びている電気二重層キャパシタ用活性炭について、まず詳述する。
以下に本発明による活性炭の製法と従来製法を表1に比較対照させ電気二重層キャパシタとしての評価を行い、本発明方法の特徴を詳述する。
表1からキャパシタ特性として、活性炭の嵩密度は、本発明による球状粒子は、最密充填構造をとるため従来方法と比較して、嵩密度が大きく、充填性に優れることが認められる。また、活性炭嵩密度及び電極密度は、10%〜20%充填性に優れることが判明した。その結果、静電容量も10%〜20%改善され、内部抵抗も相対的に小さく、優れた特性を示した。
また、加速促進充放電寿命試験結果は、静電容量変化率(−ΔC)は、従来方法と比較して、1/2〜1/3と極めて小さく、また、内部抵抗変化率も相対的に小さいことが判明した。これは、本発明方法が機械的な粉砕を行わないため粉砕機、分級機からの機械的磨耗による重金属の不純物の混入が少ないため70℃の高温での充放電試験中のガス発生が少なく、電極の崩壊が少ないためと考えられる。
従来のプリンター用トナーは、キャリアーとしての約100μmの粉砕鉄粉粒子の表面に約1μm〜10μmの粉砕炭素粒子が接着剤を介して接合される基本構成で製造されていた。この方法は、鉄粉の球状粒子の製造歩留まりも悪く、1〜10μmの粉砕炭素粒子の粒度分布も大きく、また、形状も球形でなく、鉄粉の表面に均一に染料をコーティングさせることも難しく、歩留まりも悪く、従って、トナーが高価であった。
近年、プリンターの高精細度化、高速化、省エネ化、待機時間の短縮化等の要請は高く、技術革新も進展しているが、トナーの製法は、従来法を微粉砕化しているだけで、技術的な革新性はないのが現状である。
一方、カーボントナーは、実施例1と同様にフェノール樹脂原料22を本発明のノズルを用いて、界面活性剤、重合安定剤の添加により、真円度80〜90%の摩擦帯電の容易な球状微粒子化23を行い、700℃、窒素雰囲気中で、炭化を行いカーボントナーの球状超微粉24を得る。
この球状鉄微粒子15とカーボントナーの球状超微粉24を乳化重合会合法31で、接着剤、界面活性剤32と共に攪拌、混合し、乳化重合会合を行い、反応完了後に濾過、洗浄33を行い、乾燥34し、球状超微粒子の本発明のトナーを得る。
従来技術は、前述のようにアルカリ過剰の溶融ガラスを700℃〜900℃の高温でスプレー法で生産されている。この従来法は、ノズルの高温と強アルカリによる腐食、粒度分布の不均一、コスト高、100μm以下の微粒子の低歩留まり等の種々の課題を有していた。
近年、0.1μm〜10μmの超微粒子状多孔質シリカの需要が高まり、ビール製造時の凝集蛋白の濾過、自動車、家電機器の耐食用アンダーコート用、医薬、触媒用担体等の需要が高まり、かつ、球状の微粒子を要請されている。
この対策として、前述の本発明の実施例1で使用したノズル13を用いて、室温25℃で、粘度400〜800cpの水ガラス溶液を用いて、水ガラスを霧化し、この霧化水ガラス微粒子を硫酸溶液上に落下させ、硫酸と反応させると所望の球状の多孔シリカを得ることが可能である。粒子径は、ノズルの穴径、水ガラスの粘度、ノズルを通過するときの濃度、界面活性剤の種類と濃度の関数となる。また、微粒子の多孔度、粒子形状、真円度は、硫酸濃度、界面活性剤の種類と濃度の関数となる。
この球状、多孔シリカの生産時にもノズルを荷電させると微粒化時に粒子相互の再結合が防止され、超微粒子の凝集粒子の防止が効果的である。
一般に、電子材料、触媒材料で使用される白金族金属の微粒子は、球状と鱗片状で、特に、導電性塗料には、これらの球状と鱗片状が適当な比率で配合されると比抵抗、密着性、耐久性、周波数特性が改善される。
a)銀の球状微粒子
b)銀の鱗片状微粒子
更に、本発明は、白金族に適応されるだけでなく、アルミ、ニッケル等の非貴金属にも適用可能は方法である。
2 集電体
3 セパレータ
4 電解液
5 金属蓋
6 ガスケット
Claims (1)
- 穴径が0.05〜50μm、アスペクト比が5〜200、穴密度が100〜7000個/cm 2 の貫通孔を多数有し、超音波振動子やモーター駆動により定速度で振動させた基盤ノズルを用いたプリンター用トナーの製造方法であって、
塩化鉄溶液を上記基盤ノズルを通過させて微粒子霧化した後、水素還元して粒径30〜40μm、真円度90%以上の球状鉄微粒子を製造し、
フェノール、ホルマリン、界面活性剤及び重合安定剤からなるフェノール樹脂原料を上記基盤ノズルを通過させて微粒子化した後、炭化して粒径0.5〜1.0μm、真円度80〜90%のカーボントナーの球状超微粉を製造し、
上記球状鉄微粒子と上記カーボントナーの球状超微粉とを、接着剤及び界面活性剤と共に混合、攪拌して乳化重合反応を行い、
乳化重合反応後に濾過、洗浄及び乾燥を順次行うことを特徴とする、プリンター用トナーの製造方法。
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CN200580034809A CN100584444C (zh) | 2004-09-09 | 2005-09-07 | 球状超微粒子及其制造方法 |
PCT/JP2005/016871 WO2006028257A1 (ja) | 2004-09-09 | 2005-09-07 | 球状超微粒子及びその製造方法 |
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