JP4692485B2 - 希土類磁石用原料合金および粉末ならびに焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類磁石用原料合金および粉末ならびに焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 178
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 178
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 71
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Q is B Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N IDUR Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(I)=C1 XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/023—Hydrogen absorption
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- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
- C22C1/0441—Alloys based on intermetallic compounds of the type rare earth - Co, Ni
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- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
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- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F2003/1032—Sintering only comprising a grain growth inhibitor
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/059—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and Va elements, e.g. Sm2Fe17N2
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Description
[図2]本発明の或る実施形態の急冷工程中における合金の温度と経過時間との関係を模式的に示すグラフである。
[図3]本発明の実施に好適に使用可能な装置の構成を示す装置である。
[図4]凝固合金の組織構造を模式的に示す図である。
2 タンデッシュ
4 冷却ロール
5 凝固合金
6 ドラム状容器(温度保持手段)
7 モータ
まず、質量比率で22%Nd−6.0%Pr−3.5%Dy−0.9%Co−1.0%B−残部Fe(その他に不可避的に混入する微量の不純物)の組成を有する合金の溶湯を、単ロールのストリップキャスト法で急冷することにより、上記組成の凝固合金を作製した。
Claims (13)
- R−T−Q系希土類合金(Rは希土類元素、Tは遷移金属元素、QはB、C、N、Al、Si、およびPからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の元素)であって、希土類元素Rとして、Nd、Pr、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Sm、Eu、Gd、Er、Tm、Yb、およびLuからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の元素RLと、Dy、Tb、およびHoからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の元素RHとを含有する合金の溶湯を用意する工程と、
前記合金の溶湯を700℃以上1000℃以下の温度まで急冷することによって凝固合金を形成する第1冷却工程と、
前記凝固合金を、700℃以上900℃以下の温度範囲に含まれる温度で15秒以上600秒以下保持する温度保持工程と、
前記凝固合金を400℃以下の温度まで冷却する第2冷却工程と、
を包含し、
前記温度保持工程では、700℃以上900℃以下の温度に加熱された部材で前記急冷凝固合金に熱を供給する、R−T−Q系希土類磁石用原料合金の製造方法。 - 前記温度保持工程は、前記凝固合金を前記温度範囲に含まれる温度に保持する際、前記凝固合金の温度を10℃/分以下の冷却速度で低下させる工程および/または前記凝固合金の温度を1℃/分以下の昇温速度で上昇させる工程を含む請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第1冷却工程は、前記合金の温度を102℃/秒以上104℃/秒以下の冷却速度で低下させる工程を含む、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第2冷却工程は、前記合金の温度を10℃/秒以上の冷却速度で低下させる工程を含む、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記元素RHは、含有している希土類元素全体の5原子%以上を占める、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第2冷却工程直後における前記凝固合金中のR2T14Q相に含まれる元素RHの原子数比率が希土類元素全体に占める元素RHの原子数比率よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 希土類元素Rは全体の11原子%以上17原子%以下、
遷移金属元素Tは全体の75原子%以上84原子%以下、
元素Qは全体の5原子%以上8原子%以下である請求項1に記載の製造方法。 - 前記合金は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、In、Sn、Hf、Ta、W、およびPbからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の添加元素Mを含有する請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第1冷却工程は、回転する冷却ロールによって前記合金の溶湯を冷却する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から9のいずれかに記載された製造方法によって製造されたR−T−Q系希土類磁石用原料合金を水素脆化法によって脆化させる工程と、
前記脆化されたR−T−Q系希土類磁石用原料合金を粉砕する工程と、
を包含するR−T−Q系希土類磁石用原料合金粉末の製造方法。 - 前記R−T−Q系希土類磁石を粉砕する工程では、不活性ガスの高速気流を用いて前記R−T−Q系希土類磁石の微粉砕を実行する請求項10に記載のR−T−Q系希土類磁石用原料合金粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項10または11に記載された製造方法によって製造されたR−T−Q系希土類磁石用原料合金粉末を用意し、前記粉末の成形体を作製する工程と、
前記成形体を焼結する工程と、
を包含する焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記成形体を焼結する工程では、脱水素工程のあと、液相が形成される温度(800℃)から焼結密度が真密度に達する温度までの加熱を行うとき、昇温速度を5℃/min以上に設定する請求項12に記載の焼結磁石の製造方法。
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CN100366363C (zh) | 2008-02-06 |
EP1749599B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
WO2005105343A1 (ja) | 2005-11-10 |
US20080251159A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
EP1749599A1 (en) | 2007-02-07 |
EP1749599A4 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
JPWO2005105343A1 (ja) | 2008-03-13 |
CN1842385A (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
US7585378B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 |
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