CN105374487A - 一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料 - Google Patents
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N dehydroepiandrosterone Chemical class C1[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC=C21 FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:稀土元素20-35%,硼0.8-1.5%,钨0.02-0.2%,硅0.5-5%,钒0.1-3%,镓0.02-0.5%,锆0.02-0.5%,铬0.02-0.5%,铜0.5-5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。该稀土永磁材料具有高耐腐蚀性能,力学性能优良,并且成本低廉,稳定性高,制造方法简单,容易实现大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合金领域,具体而言涉及一种耐腐蚀高性能能力和力学性能都得到极大提高并且成本低廉的稀土永磁材料。
背景技术
自从1966年以来,永磁材料中增加了一个新成员,它就是“稀土永磁体”。由于稀土永磁材料优异的性能,它的出现为应用打开了一扇全新的大门。特别是1983年问世的第三代稀土永磁材料钕铁硼,一直是当今世界上磁性最强的永磁材料。
钕铁硼稀土永磁材料是支撑现代社会的重要基础材料,与人们的生活息息相关。小到手表、照相机、录音机、CD机、VCD机、计算机硬盘、光盘驱动器,大到汽车、发电
机、悬浮列车、医疗仪器等,永磁材料无所不在。在低碳生活中充满了磁性材料,稀土永磁钕铁硼材料扮演着非常重要的角色,在风力发电、混合动力/电动汽车、节能家电等方面,都离不开稀土永磁材料,其中直流永磁式风电机组、混合动力车的稀土永磁同步电机、变频空调中的稀土永磁变频电机等都采用了钕铁硼稀土永磁材料。
然而烧结钕铁硼的富钕相具有高的电化学活性,且烧结磁体的结构不够致密,存在大量孔隙,耐腐蚀高性能性较差,大大限制了其使用范围。如在室温潮湿空气中,磁体的氧化主要是铁的氧化;在150℃干气或湿气中,主要是钕的氧化,这些都将显著降低磁体的磁性能。NdFeB磁体的腐蚀机理为电化学腐蚀。磁体中Nd2Fe14B、富钕相的电化学电位不同,引起电化学反应而形成原电池。磁体表面的污染物形成导电回路时,低电位的钕(-2.4V)成为阳极而被氧化。由于钕阳极和Nd2Fe14B阴极的相对量差别很大,形成小阳极和大阴极。富钕相承担很大的腐蚀电流密度,因此沿晶界加速腐蚀,形成晶间腐蚀,这将导致磁体矫顽力下降。
发明内容
本发明提供一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,该稀土永磁材料具有高耐腐蚀性能,力学性能优良,并且成本低廉,稳定性高,制造方法简单,容易实现大规模工业化生产。
具体而言,一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:稀土元素20-35%,硼0.8-1.5%,钨0.02-0.2%,硅0.5-5%,钒0.1-3%,镓0.02-0.5%,锆0.02-0.5%,铬0.02-0.5%,铜0.5-5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:稀土元素20-35%,硼0.8-1.5%,钨0.02-0.2%,硅0.5-5%,钒0.1-3%,镓0.02-0.5%,锆0.02-0.5%,铬0.02-0.5%,铜0.5-5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质,稀土元素为钕、铈、镝和镱的组合。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,其中钕、铈、镝和镱的重量比为20:0.5:2:1.5。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.0%,钨0.1%,硅3%,钒1.5%,镓0.3%,锆0.1%,铬0.2%,铜3%,钕20%,铈0.5%,镝2%,镱1.5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.2%,钨0.14%,硅2%,钒2%,镓0.15%,锆0.3%,铬0.4%,铜2%,钕24%,铈0.6%,镝2.4%,镱1.8%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.4%,钨0.06%,硅1%,钒2.5%,镓0.45%,锆0.4%、铬0.1%,铜4.5%,钕28%,铈0.7%,镝2.8%,镱2.1%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
本发明的耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料可以采用普通的生产设备按照常规的方法制备。例如,具体步骤可以包括:
(1)原材料准备:将经过表面清除的原材料按重量配比配料;
(2)铸锭:将原料加入熔炼炉中,抽真空,并在0.05MPa氩气保护下进行熔炼并浇铸成锭,再将铸锭放在真空炉中均匀化处理,所述处理的温度为900-960℃,时间为8-10小时;
(3)制粉:将均匀化处理的铸锭进行氢破碎,至200-250μm的合金粉末,再进行脱氢处理;
(4)磁场成型:将上述磁粉放在1.2T-2.0T的磁场中取向,以10MPa-20MPa的压强压制成型;
(5)烧结:在真空气淬炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1100-1180℃,烧结时间为4-5小时;
(6)时效处理:将烧结好的磁体进行两次回火热处理,第一次回火热处理温度为900-1000℃,时间为4-5小时,第二次回火热处理温度为400-600℃,时间为7-9小时;
(7)充磁,将经过上述步骤制备的磁体再次进行充磁,即得。
本发明的稀土永磁材料具有高耐腐蚀性能,力学性能优良,并且成本低廉,稳定性高,制造方法简单,容易实现大规模工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.0%,钨0.1%,硅3%,钒1.5%,镓0.3%,锆0.1%,铬0.2%,铜3%,钕20%,铈0.5%,镝2%,镱1.5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;
具体步骤包括:
(1)原材料准备:将经过表面清除的原材料按重量配比配料;
(2)铸锭:将原料加入熔炼炉中,抽真空,并在0.05MPa氩气保护下进行熔炼并浇铸成锭,再将铸锭放在真空炉中均匀化处理,所述处理的温度为950℃,时间为9小时;
(3)制粉:将均匀化处理的铸锭进行氢破碎,至200μm的合金粉末,再进行脱氢处理;
(4)磁场成型:将上述磁粉放在1.5T的磁场中取向,以20MPa的压强压制成型;
(5)烧结:在真空气淬炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1100℃,烧结时间为5小时;
(6)时效处理:将烧结好的磁体进行两次回火热处理,第一次回火热处理温度为950℃,时间为5小时,第二次回火热处理温度为500℃,时间为8小时;
(7)充磁,将经过上述步骤制备的磁体再次进行充磁,即得。
实施例2:
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.2%,钨0.14%,硅2%,钒2%,镓0.15%,锆0.3%,铬0.4%,铜2%,钕24%,铈0.6%,镝2.4%,镱1.8%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;
具体步骤包括:
(1)原材料准备:将经过表面清除的原材料按重量配比配料;
(2)铸锭:将原料加入熔炼炉中,抽真空,并在0.05MPa氩气保护下进行熔炼并浇铸成锭,再将铸锭放在真空炉中均匀化处理,所述处理的温度为900℃,时间为10小时;
(3)制粉:将均匀化处理的铸锭进行氢破碎,至230μm的合金粉末,再进行脱氢处理;
(4)磁场成型:将上述磁粉放在1.2T的磁场中取向,以15MPa的压强压制成型;
(5)烧结:在真空气淬炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1100℃,烧结时间为5小时;
(6)时效处理:将烧结好的磁体进行两次回火热处理,第一次回火热处理温度为1000℃,时间为4小时,第二次回火热处理温度为600℃,时间为9小时;
(7)充磁,将经过上述步骤制备的磁体再次进行充磁,即得。
实施例3:
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.4%,钨0.06%,硅1%,钒2.5%,镓0.45%,锆0.4%、铬0.1%,铜4.5%,钕28%,铈0.7%,镝2.8%,镱2.1%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;
具体步骤包括:
(1)原材料准备:将经过表面清除的原材料按重量配比配料;
(2)铸锭:将原料加入熔炼炉中,抽真空,并在0.05MPa氩气保护下进行熔炼并浇铸成锭,再将铸锭放在真空炉中均匀化处理,所述处理的温度为960℃,时间为9小时;
(3)制粉:将均匀化处理的铸锭进行氢破碎,至250μm的合金粉末,再进行脱氢处理;
(4)磁场成型:将上述磁粉放在1.8T的磁场中取向,以12MPa的压强压制成型;
(5)烧结:在真空气淬炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1180℃,烧结时间为5小时;
(6)时效处理:将烧结好的磁体进行两次回火热处理,第一次回火热处理温度为900℃,时间为5小时,第二次回火热处理温度为400℃,时间为9小时;
(7)充磁,将经过上述步骤制备的磁体再次进行充磁,即得。
对比例1:
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.0%,硅3%,钒1.5%,镓0.3%,锆0.1%,铬0.2%,铜3%,钕20%,铈0.5%,镝2%,镱1.5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;制备方法同实施例1。
对比例2:
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.0%,钨0.1%,硅3%,钒1.5%,锆0.1%,铬0.2%,铜3%,钕20%,铈0.5%,镝2%,镱1.5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;制备方法同实施例1。
对比例3:
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.0%,钨0.1%,硅3%,钒1.5%,镓0.3%,锆0.1%,铜3%,钕20%,铈0.5%,镝2%,镱1.5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;制备方法同实施例1。
对比例4:
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.0%,钨0.1%,硅3%,钒1.5%,镓0.3%,锆0.1%,铬0.2%,铜3%,钕20%,镝2.5%,镱1.5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;制备方法同实施例1。
对比例5:
一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.0%,钨0.1%,硅3%,钒1.5%,镓0.3%,锆0.1%,铬0.2%,铜3%,钕20%,铈0.5%,镝3.5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4:本发明耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料的性能检测
采用中国计量科学研究院的永磁材料不同温度曲线测量系统NIM200C以及万能材料试验机CMT51505测定将实施例1-3以及对照例1-5的磁性能和力学性能,采用PCT实验(温度125℃、100%RH、0.25MPa,时间100h)测定失重,以检测本发明的耐腐蚀性能。结果见表1。
表1本发明稀土永磁材料的性能
失重mg/cm2 | (BH)max(MGOe) | Hcj(kOe) | 抗弯强度(MPa) | |
实施例1 | 0.23 | 38.91 | 29.78 | 390.06 |
实施例2 | 0.21 | 38.63 | 29.56 | 389.83 |
实施例3 | 0.20 | 38.72 | 29.87 | 389.51 |
对比例1 | 0.64 | 33.81 | 28.38 | 323.24 |
对比例2 | 0.56 | 33.43 | 21.14 | 317.32 |
对比例3 | 0.45 | 37.13 | 26.77 | 310.25 |
对比例4 | 0.29 | 34.12 | 22.19 | 342.83 |
对比例5 | 0.30 | 32.36 | 23.89 | 367.95 |
从表1可以得出,本发明稀土永磁材料在提高了耐腐蚀高性能的同时,具有较高的矫顽力和抗弯强度,以及稳定的磁能积(BH)max;本发明的各个组分相互协同,缺一不可,对比例1-3分别省略钨、镓、铬后,耐腐蚀性能、矫顽力Hcj以及抗弯强度都会下降;采用钕、铈、镝和镱的组合的稀土元素亦能提高耐腐蚀性能、矫顽力和抗弯强度,而对比例4-5证明省略了某种稀土元素会使耐腐蚀性能、矫顽力和抗弯强度下降。
Claims (7)
1.一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:稀土元素20-35%,硼0.8-1.5%,钨0.02-0.2%,硅0.5-5%,钒0.1-3%,镓0.02-0.5%,锆0.02-0.5%,铬0.02-0.5%,铜0.5-5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,其中稀土元素为钕、铈、镝和镱的组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,其中钕、铈、镝和镱的重量比为20:0.5:2:1.5。
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.0%,钨0.1%,硅3%,钒1.5%,镓0.3%,锆0.1%,铬0.2%,铜3%,钕20%,铈0.5%,镝2%,镱1.5%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
5.根据权利要求1-3所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.2%,钨0.14%,硅2%,钒2%,镓0.15%,锆0.3%,铬0.4%,铜2%,钕24%,铈0.6%,镝2.4%,镱1.8%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
6.根据权利要求1-3所述的一种耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料,包括稀土元素、铁、硼、钨、硅、钒、镓、锆、铬、铜,各组分的重量百分比为:硼1.4%,钨0.06%,硅1%,钒2.5%,镓0.45%,锆0.4%、铬0.1%,铜4.5%,钕28%,铈0.7%,镝2.8%,镱2.1%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。
7.一种权利要求1-6任一项所述的耐腐蚀高性能稀土永磁材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原材料准备:将经过表面清除的原材料按重量配比配料;
(2)铸锭:将原料加入熔炼炉中,抽真空,并在0.05MPa氩气保护下进行熔炼并浇铸成锭,再将铸锭放在真空炉中均匀化处理,所述处理的温度为900-960℃,时间为8-10小时;
(3)制粉:将均匀化处理的铸锭进行氢破碎,至200-250μm的合金粉末,再进行脱氢处理;
(4)磁场成型:将上述磁粉放在1.2T-2.0T的磁场中取向,以10MPa-20MPa的压强压制成型;
(5)烧结:在真空气淬炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1100-1180℃,烧结时间为4-5小时;
(6)时效处理:将烧结好的磁体进行两次回火热处理,第一次回火热处理温度为900-1000℃,时间为4-5小时,第二次回火热处理温度为400-600℃,时间为7-9小时;
(7)充磁,将经过上述步骤制备的磁体再次进行充磁,即得。
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