JP4537709B2 - A型肝炎ウイルスの大規模生成の方法 - Google Patents
A型肝炎ウイルスの大規模生成の方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Description
本発明は、マイクロキャリアに結合したVERO細胞におけるA型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)の大規模生成の方法に関連する。本発明はまた、HAVを感染させたVERO細胞の細胞培養物上清よりHAVを単離する方法を提供する。
A型肝炎は、感染の散発的症例、風土病、時折死を引き起こし続ける、全世界の公衆衛生問題である。感染は、小さなエンベロープで包まれていないRNAウイルスの群であるピコナウイルス科のメンバーの、A型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)により引き起こされる。ウイルス粒子は、直径27〜32nmであり、そして単一のポリペプチド前駆体分子から開裂した3つのポリペプチドからなる。成熟したウイルスは、ポリペプチドVP1、VP2およびVP3からなる。カプシドタンパク質VP1およびVP3は、主要な抗原性部位を含み、そして中和抗体を誘導することができる(Semlerら編 Molecular aspects of picornavirus and detection.Washington,D.C.:ASM p193−208におけるLemonら,1989)。
本発明の目的は、HAV抗原の生成方法を提供することである。
これらの目的および他の目的に従って、本発明は、A型肝炎ウイルスの持続的生成のための方法を提供し、この方法は、マイクロキャリアに結合されたVERO細胞の無血清細胞培養物を提供する工程、VERO細胞の無血清細胞培養物をHAVに感染させる工程、HAVに感染した細胞培養物をインキュベートし、HAVを伝播させる工程を包含し、これにより、HAVは、細胞培養培地に持続的に放出され;そしてその細胞培養培地に放出されたHAVを回収する。
(VERO宿主細胞系におけるHAV増殖)
臨床的標本によって最初に単離し、初代アフリカミドリザル細胞において連続継代し、ウイルス菌株の弱毒化を導いた、HAV菌株HM175/7(Robert Purcell,National Institute of Health,Bethesda,MD.の厚意により提供された)を、VERO細胞マイクロキャリア培養上で増殖について試験する。
(大規模産生のためのHAVウイルスストックの調製)
細菌プラスミドpHAV/7(Cohenら、1987、J.Virol.61:3053−3039)中でクローン化された弱毒化株HM175/7のゲノムの全長cDNAを、インビトロでの転写による全長ゲノムRNAを調製するため使用する。34℃での無血清VERO細胞を、インビトロで転写したHAV RNAを用いてトランスフェクトし、外来因子を含まないウイルスストックを生成する。6週間後、HAV特異的抗原が、無血清条件下でVERO細胞にてHAVをさらに増殖させるように使用する感染細胞の細胞溶解液において検出される。表1は、連続継代後に産生される抗原力価およびウイルス力価を示す。感染細胞は、細胞上清中で、ウイルス抗原の約50%を放出した。4回の継代後、ウイルスストックは、8×107TCID50/mlの力価を有する。
(無血清培地中でのVERO細胞におけるHAV HM175/7の増殖)
実施例2に従って得られるようなHAV HM175/7を、34℃で、無血清VERO細胞中で連続的に継代する。感染後、7、14および21日目に、感染力価および抗原の量を決定する(表2)。
マイクロキャリア上に増殖する無血清のVERO細胞におけるHAVの精製
無血清の培地において、マイクロキャリア(Cytodex III(登録商標)、Pharmacia)上で増殖した、2×1010のVERO細胞を含むA6l発酵槽に、0.5のm.o.i.で実施例2に従って得られたHAV株HM175/7を感染させる。34℃での長い期間の発酵工程の間に、細胞における抗原の量および細胞培養上清中の抗原の量を、繰り返して決定する。細胞内で生成されるHAVを決定することに関して、細胞培養からのVERO細胞を収集し、PBS中で2×107の細胞濃度に調節し、そして3サイクルの凍結/解凍によって溶解した。低速の遠心分離の後、細胞残骸および細胞培養の上清における感染力価を、抗原の量に加えて、ELISAアッセイによって決定した。
(実施例6)
マイクロキャリアに結合する無血清または無血清かつ無タンパク質のVERO細胞の長期の増殖
HAVウイルスの大規模の生成に関して、無血清または無血清かつ無タンパク質の培養培地条件下で、1×1011のバイオマスまで増殖させたVERO細胞を、多孔性マイクロキャリア上に播種する。細胞を、HAVと0.1のm.o.i.で感染させる。感染細胞を34℃で350日まで、細胞培養培地を継続的に還流させて実行する。ウイルス抗原が培地中に検出された場合、ウイルス含有上清を収集し、そして4℃で保管する。無血清細胞の培養上清の収集を、感染の35〜45日後に開始した。得られたウイルス抗原を、60日につきリットル培養液につき100リットルの発酵槽からワクチン用量の平均的な生成について計算し、そして表5に示す。
細胞培養上清からのHAV抗原の精製
HAV抗原を含む、実施例6において記載したように灌流培養培地から収集した細胞培養上清を、低速の遠心分離またはデプスフィルターにより細胞残骸から分離し、そして50KΩ膜(50 000Daカットオフ、Filtron)を使用した限外濾過によって濃縮する。濃縮物を、さらに、20%〜60%のスクロース勾配に対する遠心分離によって精製し、分画する。各々の画分は、定性的なELISAアッセイ(Mediagnost)によってHAV抗原に関して試験する。HAV抗原は、2つのピーク画分をアセンブリした。このピーク画分は、別々に蓄積し、そして高速の遠心分離によって濃縮する。
(プロナーゼからのStreptomyces griseusのトリプシンの精製)
a) イオン交換クロマトグラフィー
30gのプロナーゼ(Boehringer Ingelheim)を、40mg/mlプロナーゼの終濃度となるように、緩衝液A(0.02ピリジン、pH5.0)中に溶解した。この溶液の25mlを、緩衝液Aで平衡化したCMセファロースCl 6B(Pharmacia)のカチオン交換クロマトグラフィーに供した。線形勾配を使用して、カラム容積の5倍量の緩衝液A(0.02Mピリジン)および緩衝液B(0.75Mピリジン(pH5.0))で、溶出を室温で行った。
表6は、ダイズインヒビターを用いる阻害試験によって決定した、トリプシン様活性を有するタンパク質を含む画分が、プロナーゼの比活性よりも約10倍高い比活性および約70%の回収率で、イオン交換クロマトグラフィーによって精製され得ることを示す。しかし、このタンパク質は不安定で、SDS−PAGEにおいて単一のバンドではなく種々のバンドを示す。このことは、このタンパク質の断片化および自己切断を示す。
緩衝液A(50mM Tris、0.5M NaCl(pH7.0))で平衡化したベンズアミジンセファロース6B fast flow(Pharmacia)カラムに40mlのプロナーゼ溶液(75mg/ml、緩衝液A)をロードした。緩衝液B(50mM Tris、0.5M NaCl、10mM 塩酸ベンズアミジン(pH7.0))、緩衝液C(0.5M NaCl、0.6M アルギニン(pH5.5))または緩衝液D(0.5M NaCl、1M アルギニン(pH5.5))を用いて溶出を行った。
Claims (11)
- A型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)の連続生成のための方法であって、該方法は、
(i)球状マイクロキャリアおよび多孔性マイクロキャリアからなる群より選択されるマイクロキャリアに結合したVERO細胞の無血清細胞培養物を提供する工程、
(ii)無血清細胞培養培地において該VERO細胞を増殖させる工程、
(iii)該マイクロキャリアに結合した該VERO細胞の無血清細胞培養物にHAVを感染させる工程、
(iv)該HAVに感染した、該マイクロキャリアに結合したVERO細胞の無血清細胞培養物をインキュベートして、該HAVを増殖させ、それによって、該HAVが該細胞培養培地中に連続的に放出される、工程、および
(v)該細胞培養培地から該HAVを回収する工程、
を包含し、
該培養の温度は、HAVによる感染の前に34℃まで低下される、方法。 - 前記細胞が、37℃の温度で増殖される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロキャリアが、デキストラン、ゼラチン、コラーゲン、プラスチックまたはセルロースを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記VERO細胞が、HAV株HM175/7の種ウイルスにより感染される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記VERO細胞が、0.01〜5.0の感染多重度で前記HAVにより感染される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞培養物が、作業細胞バンクから継代培養され、そして微生物プロテアーゼもしくは微生物起源のトリプシン様酵素の使用によって継代される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物プロテアーゼが、Streptomyces griseusのトリプシン様酵素プロナーゼである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記HAVが、少なくとも60日間にわたって、連続的に生成される、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- VERO細胞の前記無血清細胞培養物が、VERO細胞の無血清かつ無タンパク質の細胞培養物である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- (vi)前記細胞培養培地から回収された前記HAVから、完全なHAV粒子を単離する工程
をさらに包含する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記完全なHAV粒子が、等密度遠心法によって単離される、請求項10に記載の方法。
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