JP4511838B2 - (20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル及び2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3及びそれらの使用 - Google Patents
(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル及び2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3及びそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4511838B2 JP4511838B2 JP2003585729A JP2003585729A JP4511838B2 JP 4511838 B2 JP4511838 B2 JP 4511838B2 JP 2003585729 A JP2003585729 A JP 2003585729A JP 2003585729 A JP2003585729 A JP 2003585729A JP 4511838 B2 JP4511838 B2 JP 4511838B2
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- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-diol Chemical group OC1(O)CCCCC1 PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJYHCYBNUJVCEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;ethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCC.C1CCCCC1 WJYHCYBNUJVCEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000037765 diseases and disorders Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002137 ergosterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003676 hair loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009905 homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000011111 hypophosphatemic rickets Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indan-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)CCC2=C1 QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008297 liquid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBYQHFPBWKKZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;benzene Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 DBYQHFPBWKKZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 102000006255 nuclear receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004017 nuclear receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHJWOSHIGFDANE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylphosphane Chemical compound PCC=C QHJWOSHIGFDANE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008591 skin barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037393 skin firmness Effects 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical class [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013222 sprague-dawley male rat Methods 0.000 description 1
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- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011995 wilkinson's catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
本発明はビタミンD化合物に関し、更に詳しくは、プロドラッグ(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル及び2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3並びにそれらの製薬学的使用に関する。
本発明は、プロドラッグ(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3(以下の式Ia)及び(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3(以下の式Ib)、それらの生物活性、及びこれらの化合物の様々な製薬学的使用に関する。
(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3及び(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を合成し試験した。構造的には、これらの19−ノル類似体は、本明細書中で先に図示した式Ia及びIbによってそれぞれ特徴づけられる。
出発アルコール1は、J.C.Hanekamp,R.B.Rookhuizen,H.J.T.Bos,L.Brandsma Tetrahedron,1992,48,9283−9294によって公表されている手順に従って、市販のビタミンD2から70%の収率で製造した。
アルコール1(1.63g、5.2mmol)、ピリジニウムジクロメート(6.05g、16.1mmol)及びピリジニウムp−トルエンスルホネート(100mg、0.4mmol)の無水塩化メチレン(30mL)中混合物を室温で12時間撹拌した。得られた懸濁液を短層のセライトを通してろ過した。吸着剤をエーテルで洗浄し、溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣をヘキサン/酢酸エチル(90:10)によりシリカゲルのカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、アルデヒド2(1.36g、収率83%)を油として得た。
アルデヒド2(1.36g、4.3mmol)をCH2Cl2(15mL)中に溶解し、40%n−Bu4NOH水溶液(5.6mL、5.57g、8.6mmol)を加えた。得られた混合物を室温で16時間撹拌し、塩化メチレン(30mL)で希釈し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、そして減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をヘキサン/酢酸エチル(95:5)によりシリカゲルのクロマトグラフィーにかけ、アルデヒド2とその20−エピマーの混合物(730mg、収率53%)を約1:1.7の比で得た(1H NMRによる)。
アルコール3(393mg、1.24mmol)、DMAP(10mg、0.08mmol)及びEt3N(0.7mL、0.51g、5.04mmol)の無水塩化メチレン(10mL)中撹拌溶液に、p−トルエンスルホニルクロリド(320mg、1.68mmol)を0℃で加えた。該反応混合物を室温に温まらせ(4時間)、撹拌をさらに22時間続けた。塩化メチレン(60mL)を加え、該混合物を飽和NaHCO3水溶液で洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、そして減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をヘキサン/酢酸エチル(95:5)によりシリカゲルのクロマトグラフィーにかけ、トシレート4(533mg、収率91%)を無色油として得た。
マグネシウムの削り節(1.32g、55mmol)、1−クロロ−3−メチルブタン(3.3mL、2.9g、27.2mmol)及びヨウ素(結晶片2個)を、無水THF(18mL)中で10時間還流した。成形グリニャール試薬5の溶液を−78℃に冷却し、トシレート4(348mg、0.74mmol)の無水THF(5mL)中溶液にカニューレを通して−78℃で1滴ずつ添加した。次に、6mLのLi2CuCl4溶液[乾燥LiCl(232mg、5.46mmol)及び乾燥CuCl2(368mg、2.75mmol)を無水THF(27mL)に溶解して製造]を反応混合物にカニューレを通して−78℃で1滴ずつ添加した。冷却浴を取り除き、混合物を室温で20時間撹拌し、次いで氷(約100g)を含有する1MのH2SO4水溶液に注いだ。混合物を塩化メチレンで抽出し(3×50mL)、合わせた有機相を飽和NH4Cl水溶液、飽和NaHCO3水溶液で洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、そして減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をクロロホルムによりシリカゲルのクロマトグラフィーにかけ、アルコール6(149mg、収率76%)を無色油として得た。
ピリジニウムジクロメート(90mg、239μmol)を、アルコール6(15mg、56μmol)及びピリジニウムp−トルエンスルホネート(2mg、8μmol)の無水塩化メチレン(6mL)中溶液に加えた。得られた懸濁液を室温で3.5時間撹拌した。該反応混合物をWatersシリカSep−Pakカートリッジ(2g)を通してろ過し、それをさらにCHCl3で洗浄した。溶媒の除去後、ケトンII(13mg、収率88%)を無色油として得た。
ホスフィンオキシド7(34mg、58μmol)の無水THF(450μL)中溶液(−20℃)に、アルゴン下で撹拌しながらPhLi(シクロヘキサン−エーテル中1.7M、75μL、128μmol)をゆっくり加えた。溶液は深オレンジ色に変化した。30分後、該混合物を−78℃に冷却し、予冷した(−78℃)ケトンII(12mg、45μmol)の無水THF(200+100μL)中溶液をゆっくり加えた。該混合物をアルゴン下−78℃で3時間、0℃で18時間撹拌した。酢酸エチルを加え、有機相を食塩水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(Na2SO4)、蒸発させた。残渣をヘキサンに溶解し、WatersシリカSep−Pakカートリッジ(2g)にかけた。該カートリッジをヘキサン及びヘキサン/酢酸エチル(99.5:0.5)で洗浄し、19−ノルビタミン誘導体8(12mg)を得た。次に、Sep−Pakをヘキサン/酢酸エチル(96:4)で洗浄し、未変化のC,D−環ケトンII(7mg)を回収し、酢酸エチルでジフェニルホスフィンオキシド7(19mg)を回収した。保護されたビタミン8を、さらにHPLC(10×250mm、Zorbax−Silicaカラム、4mL/分)によりヘキサン/2−プロパノール(99.9:0.1)溶媒系を用いて精製した。純化合物8(10mg、収率36%)はRv=15mLで無色油として溶離された。
トリス(トリフェニルホスフィン)ロジウム(I)クロリド(3.5mg、3.8μmol)を、水素で予飽和したドライベンゼン(2.5mL)に加えた。該混合物を均一溶液が形成されるまで室温で撹拌した(約45分間)。次にビタミンV(1.8mg、4.5μmol)のドライベンゼン(400+400μL)中溶液を加え、水素の連続流下で3時間反応を進ませた。真空下でベンゼンを除去し、残渣をヘキサン/酢酸エチル(1:1)に再溶解し、WatersシリカSep−Pakカートリッジ(2g)にかけた。2−メチルビタミンの混合物を同一溶媒系で溶離した。化合物をヘキサン/2−プロパノール(9:1)溶媒系を用いてHPLC(10×250mmのZorbax−Silicaカラム、4mL/分)でさらに精製した。2−メチル−19−ノルビタミンIa及びIbの混合物は、Rv=34mLで単一ピークを示した。二つのエピマーの分離は、メタノール/水(9:1)溶媒系を用いる逆相HPLC(10×250mmのChromegabond C18カラム、3mL/分)によって達成した。2β−メチルビタミンIb(280μg、収率15%)はRv=47mLで、その2α−エピマーIa(382μg、収率21%)はRv=51mLで回収された。
2β−メチル−(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシビタミンD3はビタミンD受容体に結合しないが、2α−メチル−(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシビタミンD3は該受容体に結合する。ただし、その親和性は1α,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンD3(1,25−(OH)2D3)より100倍小さい(図1)。これらの化合物に25−ヒドロキシル基がないことがこの縮小した活性の大きな原因である(Eisman,J.A.及びH.F.DeLuca,Steroids 30,245−257,1977参照)。重要なことは、2α−メチル誘導体の方が受容体への結合において2β−メチル類似体に優るということである。
HL−60前骨髄球の単球への分化は、Ostremらの記載(J.Biol.Chem.262,14164−14171,1987)に従って測定した。
腸内カルシウム輸送は、Perlmanらの記載(Biochemistry 29,190−196,1990)に従って測定した。
低カルシウム食のラットの血清中カルシウムを測定するインビボ試験は、(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3及び(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3の骨芽細胞活性又は骨活性に対する洞察を提供する。表1のデータは、(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3が、骨芽細胞の刺激を通じて血漿中のカルシウム上昇に1,25−(OH)2D3より顕著な効力があることを示している。同時に、(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3の、腸内カルシウム輸送に関する活性も、1,25−(OH)2D3のそれより著しく大きい(表1)。従って、これらのデータは、(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3が、骨に対し、1,25−(OH)2D3より高い、顕著且つ非常に強力な活性を有することを示している。
非経口投与に適切な製剤は便宜的に、好ましくはレシピエントの血液と等張の、活性成分の無菌油性又は水性製剤を含む。
Claims (40)
- 経口的、非経口、経皮的、又は局所的に投与される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項4又は5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項7又は8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項10又は11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、経皮的、又は局所的に投与される、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項14又は15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2α−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項17又は18に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疾患が老人性骨粗鬆症、閉経後骨粗鬆症、ステロイド誘導性骨粗鬆症、骨低代謝回転骨粗鬆症、及び骨軟化症からなる群から選ばれる、請求項17ないし19のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、経皮的、又は局所的に投与される、請求項21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項21又は22に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項24に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項24又は25に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3うを含む、請求項27又は28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項30に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項30又は31に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、経皮的、又は局所的に投与される、請求項34に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項34又は35に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口的、非経口的、又は経皮的に投与される、請求項37に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組成物の0.01μg/gmないし100μg/gmの量で(20S)−1α−ヒドロキシ−2β−メチル−19−ノル−ビタミンD3を含む、請求項37又は38に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疾患が老人性骨粗鬆症、閉経後骨粗鬆症、ステロイド誘導性骨粗鬆症、骨低代謝回転骨粗鬆症、及び骨軟化症からなる群から選ばれる、請求項37ないし39のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
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AU650751B2 (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1994-06-30 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Novel synthesis of 19-nor vitamin D compounds |
JP2898882B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-05 | 1999-06-02 | ウイスコンシン アラムナイ リサーチ フオンデーシヨン | 2−位に置換基を有する19−ノル−ビタミンd3 化合物 |
US6316642B1 (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 2001-11-13 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 26,27-Homologated-20-EPI-2alkyl-19-nor-vitamin D compounds |
US6306844B1 (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 2001-10-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Use of 2α-methyl-19-nor-20(S)-1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to increase bone strength |
US5843928A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1998-12-01 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 2-alkylidene-19-nor-vitamin D compounds |
US5945410A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1999-08-31 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 2-alkyl-19-nor-vitamin D compounds |
US5936105A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-08-10 | Tetrionics, Inc. | 14-EPI-19-nor-vitamin D compounds and methods |
AU6527201A (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-11 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | 2-ethyl and 2-ethylidene-19-nor-vitamin d compounds |
IL154699A0 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2003-10-31 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | 1alpha-HYDROXY-2-METHYLENE-19-NOR-HOMOPREGNACALCIFEROL AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME |
US6683219B2 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2004-01-27 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Synthesis of A-ring synthon of 19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from (D)-glucose |
US6627622B2 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2003-09-30 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | (20S)-1α-hydroxy-2-methylene-19-nor-bishomopregnacalciferol and its uses |
US6835723B2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2004-12-28 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 2-methylene-19-nor-20(S)-1α-hydroxy-bis-homo-pregnacalciferol in crystalline form |
US6566352B1 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2003-05-20 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foudation | 1 α-hydroxy-2-methylene-19-nor-pregnacalciferol and its uses |
DK1490332T3 (da) * | 2002-03-29 | 2007-04-10 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Fremgangsmåde til syntetisering af 1-alpha-hydroxy-2-methylen-19-nor-homopregnacalciferol |
US6894037B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-05-17 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 2-methylene-19-nor-20(S)-25-methyl-1α-hydroxycalciferol and its uses |
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