JP4436319B2 - 単鎖組換えt細胞レセプター - Google Patents
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- JP4436319B2 JP4436319B2 JP2005500992A JP2005500992A JP4436319B2 JP 4436319 B2 JP4436319 B2 JP 4436319B2 JP 2005500992 A JP2005500992 A JP 2005500992A JP 2005500992 A JP2005500992 A JP 2005500992A JP 4436319 B2 JP4436319 B2 JP 4436319B2
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Description
例えばWO99/60120に記載されているように、TCRは、T細胞による特異的な主要組織適合性複合体(MHC)−ペプチド複合体の認識を媒介し、そしてそれ自体、免疫系の細胞兵器の働きに必須である。
単鎖TCR(scTCR)は、アミノ酸単鎖からなる人工構築物であり、これは天然のヘテロ二量体TRCと同様に、MHC−ペプチド複合体に結合する。不運にも、α及びβ鎖をその両方が1つのオープンリーディングフレームで発現するように単に連結することによって機能的なα/βアナログscTCRを作成しようとする試みは、成功しなかった。これは、おそらく、α−β可溶ドメイン対合の当然の不安定性による。
疾患プロセスにより影響される細胞に局在できるターゲッティング部分(targeting moiety)の必要性が存在する。このようなターゲッティング部分は、自己免疫疾患の原因である免疫系の「指向性を誤った」作用を直接的に遮断するためか又はガン性細胞に細胞毒性物質(cytotoxic agent)を送達する手段としてのいずれかに利用し得る。
多くの重要な細胞相互作用及び細胞応答(TCR媒介免疫系を含む)は、細胞表面レセプターと、他の細胞の表面に提示されるリガンドとの間で行なわれる接触により制御される。これらのタイプの特異的分子接触は、ヒト体内での正確な生化学的調節に決定的に重要であり、したがって精力的に研究されている。多くの場合、このような研究の目標は、疾患を予防し又は疾患と戦うために、細胞応答を調整する手段を考案することである。
本発明は、アミノ酸単鎖の残基間のジスルフィド結合の存在により特徴付けられる新たなクラスのα/βアナログscTCRを利用可能にする。この結合は、その分子のα領域とβ領域との間の対合の安定性に寄与する。このようなTCRは、スクリーニング目的又は治療目的に有用である。
本発明は、TCRα鎖定常領域細胞外配列のN末端に融合したTCRα鎖可変領域配列により構成されるαセグメントと、TCRβ鎖定常領域細胞外配列のN末端に融合したTCRβ鎖可変領域配列により構成されるβセグメントと、αセグメントのC末端をβセグメントのN末端を連結するか又はその逆であるリンカー配列とを含み、α及びβセグメントの定常領域細胞外配列は、ジスルフィド結合により連結し、リンカー配列の長さ及びジスルフィド結合の位置は、α及びβセグメントの可変領域配列が天然のαβT細胞レセプター中と実質的に同様に相互に配向するような長さ及び位置である単鎖T細胞レセプター(scTCR)を提供する。
α及びβセグメント中に存在する定常領域細胞外配列は、好ましくは、ヒトTCRのものに対応し、α及びβセグメント中に存在する可変領域配列も同様である。しかし、このような配列間の対応は、アミノ酸レベルで1:1である必要はない。全体として結果的に、天然のαβT細胞レセプター中と同様にα及びβセグメントの可変領域配列が相互に配向し、ペプチド−MHC結合機能性が維持されれば、対応するヒトTCR配列に対する、N若しくはC短縮並びに/又はアミノ酸の欠失及び/若しくは置換は許容される。特に、α及びβセグメント中に存在する定常領域細胞外配列は、scTCRが結合するペプチド−MHC複合体との接触に直接関与しないので、天然のTCRの細胞外定常ドメイン配列より短くてもよいし、天然のTCRの細胞外定常ドメイン配列に対する置換又は欠失を含んでもよい。
本発明では、リンカー配列は、ポリペプチド単鎖を形成するために、α及びβセグメントを連結する。リンカー配列は、例えば、式−P−AA−P−(式中、Pはプロリンであり、AAはアミノ酸がグリシン及びセリンであるアミノ酸配列を表す)を有してもよい。
本発明のscTCRの基本的に特徴付ける性状は、α及びβセグメントの定常領域細胞外配列間のジスルフィド結合である。この結合は、天然の二量体αβTCR中に存在する天然の鎖間ジスルフィド結合に対応してもよいし、天然のTCR中に対応物(counterpart)を有さない、α及びβセグメントの定常領域細胞外配列中に特異的に組み込まれたシステイン間のものであってもよい。いくつかの場合では、天然のもの及び天然のものでない両方のジスルフィド結合が、本発明のscTCRにおいて望ましくあり得る。
ジスルフィド結合は、α及びβセグメント上の非システイン残基をシステインに変異させ、その変異した残基間にジスルフィド結合を形成させることにより形成してもよい。天然の残基の代わりに導入されたシステイン残基間にジスルフィド結合を形成することができるように、天然のTCR中でそれぞれのβ炭素が約6Å(0.6nm)以下、好ましくは3.5Å(0.35nm)〜5.9Å(0.59nm)の範囲で離れている残基が好ましい。ジスルフィド結合が定常免疫グロブリン領域中の残基間であれば、その結合は膜近位領域の残基間であり得るが好ましい。システインを導入してジスルフィド結合を形成することができる好ましい部位は、TCRα鎖についてはTRAC*01の、TCRβ鎖についてはTRBC1*01又はTRBC2*01のエキソン1中の以下の残基である:
α鎖Thr48:DSDVYITDKTVLDMRSMDFK(TRAC*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸39〜58)
α鎖Thr45:QSKDSDVYITDKTVLDMRSM(TRAC*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸36〜55)
α鎖Tyr10:DIQNPDPAVYQLRDSKSSDK(TRAC*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸1〜20)
α鎖Ser15:DPAVYQLRDSKSSDKSVCLF(TRAC*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸6〜25)
β鎖Ser57:NGKEVHSGVSTDPQPLKEQP(TRBC1*01及びTRBC2*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸48〜67)
β鎖Ser77:ALNDSRYALSSRLRVSATFW(TRBC1*01及びTRBC2*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸68〜87)
β鎖Ser17:PPEVAVFEPSEAEISHTQKA(TRBC1*01及びTRBC2*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸8〜27)
β鎖Asp59:KEVHSGVSTDPQPLKEQPAL(TRBC1*01及びTRBC2*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸50〜69)
β鎖Glu15:VFPPEVAVFEPSEAEISHTQ(TRBC1*01及びTRBC2*01遺伝子のエキソン1のアミノ酸6〜25)
マウスCα可溶性ドメイン:
PYIQNPEPAVYQLKDPRSQDSTLCLFTDFDSQINVPKTMESGTFITDKTVLDMKAMDSKSNGAIAWSNQTSFTCQDIFKETNATYPSSDVP
マウスCβ可溶性ドメイン:
EDLRNVTPPKVSLFEPSKAEIANKQKATLVCLARGFFPDHVELSWWVNGREVHSGVSTDPQAYKESNYSYCLSSRLRVSATFWHNPRNHFRCQVQFHGLSEEDKWPEGSPKPVTQNISAEAWGRAD
ヒトα鎖Thr48のマウス等価物:ESGTFITDKTVLDMKAMDSK
ヒトα鎖Thr45のマウス等価物:KTMESGTFITDKTVLDMKAM
ヒトα鎖Tyr10のマウス等価物:YIQNPEPAVYQLKDPRSQDS
ヒトα鎖Ser15のマウス等価物:AVYQLKDPRSQDSTLCLFTD
ヒトβ鎖Ser57のマウス等価物:NGREVHSGVSTDPQAYKESN
ヒトβ鎖Ser77のマウス等価物:KESNYSYCLSSRLRVSATFW
ヒトβ鎖Ser17のマウス等価物:PPKVSLFEPSKAEIANKQKA
ヒトβ鎖Asp59のマウス等価物:REVHSGVSTDPQAYKESNYS
ヒトβ鎖Glu15のマウス等価物:VTPPKVSLFEPSKAEIANKQ
本発明のscTCR(好ましくはヒトである)は、実質的に純粋な形態で又は精製若しくは単離された調製物として提供され得る。例えば、これは、他のタンパク質を実質的に含まない形態で提供され得る。
a.本発明のcTCRを提供すること
b.scTCRをMHC−ペプチド複合体と接触させること;及び
scTCRのMHC−ペプチド複合体との結合を検出すること
を含む。
本発明のscTCR(又はその多価複合体)は、択一的又は追加的に、例えば細胞殺傷に使用するための毒性部分又は免疫刺激物質(immunostimulating agent)(例えばインターロイキン又はサイトカイン)であり得る治療物質(therapeutic agent)と会合(例えば、共有結合又は別の結合)していてもよい。本発明の多価scTCR複合体は、非多量体のT細胞レセプターへテロ二量体と比べて、TCRリガンド(例えばpMHC複合体又はCD1分子)に関して増強した結合能力を有し得る。したがって、本発明に従う多価scTCR複合体は、特定の抗原を提示する細胞をインビトロ又はインビボで追跡又は標的するために特に有用であり、またそのような用途を有するさらに多価のTCR複合体の製造のための中間体としても有用である。したがって、scTCR又は多価scTCR複合体は、インビボでの使用のために薬学的に受容可能な製剤で提供され得る。
・小分子細胞毒性物質、すなわち、哺乳動物細胞を殺傷する能力を有する、分子量700ダルトン未満の化合物。このような化合物はまた、細胞毒性効果を有することができる毒性金属を含み得る。さらに、これら小分子細胞毒性物質はまた、プロドラッグ、すなわち、生理学的条件下で崩壊又は変換して細胞毒性物質を放出する化合物を含む。このような物質の例には、シスプラチン、メイタンシン(maytansine)誘導体、ラケルマイシン(rachelmycin)、カリケアマイシン(calicheamicin)、ドセタキセル、エトポシド、ゲムシタビン、イホスファミド、イリノテカン、メルファラン、ミトキサントロン、ソルフィマーソディウムホトフィリンII(sorfimer sodiumphotofrin II)、テモゾロマイド(temozolmide)、トポテカン、トリメトレキサート(trimetreate)、グルクロナート、オーリスタチンE(auristatin E)、ビンクリスチン及びドキソルビシンが含まれる;
・ペプチド細胞毒素、すなわち、哺乳動物細胞を殺傷する能力を有するタンパク質又はそのフラグメント。例には、リシン、ジフテリア毒素、シュードモナス細菌外毒素A、DNAアーゼ及びRNAアーゼが含まれる;
・放射性核種、すなわち、1以上のα若しくはβ粒子又はγ線の同時放射を伴って崩壊する元素の不安定同位体。例には、ヨウ素131、レニウム186、インジウム111、イットリウム90、ビスマス210及び213、アクチニウム225及びアスタチン213が含まれる;
・プロドラッグ、例えば抗体を指向する酵素プロドラッグ;
・免疫増強剤(immuno-stimulant)、すなわち、免疫応答を刺激する部分。例には、サイトカイン(例えばIL-2)、ケモカイン(例えばIL-8)、血小板第4因子、メラノーマ増殖刺激タンパク質など、抗体又はそのフラグメント、補体活性化剤、異種タンパク質ドメイン、同種タンパク質ドメイン、ウイルス性/細菌性タンパク質ドメイン及びウイルス性/細菌性ペプチドが含まれる。
本発明のscTCRは、TCR媒介細胞免疫系の調節物質(modulator)(阻害剤を含む)を同定するために設計されたスクリーニング法で利用可能である。
当業者に公知であるように、この型のタンパク質−タンパク質相互作用スクリーニングのための適切な基礎を提供する多くのアッセイ形式が存在する。
図1a及び1bは、それぞれ、システインコドンを導入するように変異された、可溶性A6 TCRのα及びβ鎖の核酸配列を示す。影は導入したシステインコドンを示す。
図2aは、新規なジスルフィド鎖間結合を形成させるために使用したT48→C変異(下線)を含む、A6 TCRα鎖細胞外アミノ酸配列を示す。図2bは、新規なジスルフィド鎖間結合を形成させるために使用したS57→C変異(下線)を含む、A6 TCRβ鎖細胞外アミノ酸配列を示す。
図3は、Gly/Serリンカー(30マー)のDNA及びアミノ酸配列を示す。
図4は、scDiS A6 TCRを作成するために使用したクローニング戦略をまとめる。
図5aは、scDiS A6 TCRのDNA配列を示す。
図5bは、scDiS A6 TCRのアミノ酸配列を示す。
図6は、直線で示されるような0〜500mM NaCl勾配を使用するPOROS 50HQイオン交換カラムからのscDiS A6 TCRタンパク質の溶出を説明する。
図7は、図6で説明したカラムラン(column run)からの画分A15、B10、B9及びB3の還元SDS-PAGEゲル(クーマシー染色)及び非還元SDS-PAGE(クーマシー染色)ゲルの両方の結果を示す。画分B9及びB10は、明らかに、予想したサイズのscDiS A6 TCRに対応するタンパク質を含む。
図8は、図6に示したイオン交換カラムランからの画分B10〜B7のSuperdex 200ゲル濾過カラムからのscDiS A6 TCR溶出の溶出を説明する。
図9は、図8で説明したゲル濾過カラムランからの画分B8、B7、B3及びB2の還元SDS-PAGEゲル(クーマシー染色)及び非還元SDS-PAGE(クーマシー染色)ゲルの両方の結果を示す。画分B7は、明らかに、予想したサイズのscDiS A6 TCRに対応するタンパク質を含む。
図10は、図8に示したゲル濾過ランの濃縮画分B9〜B6のBIAcore緩衝液中への最後のゲル濾過ランである。scDiS A6 TCRは単一の主要ピークとして溶出する。
図11は、HLA-A2 TAXへのscDiS A6 TCRの結合についてのBIAcoreデータである。
TRAC*01中のエキソン1のA6 Taxスレオニン48をシステインに変異させるために、以下のプライマーを設計した(変異を小文字で示す):
5'-C ACA GAC AAA tgT GTG CTA GAC AT
5'-AT GTC TAG CAC Aca TTT GTC TGT G
TRBC1*01及びTRBC2*01の両方でエキソン1のA6 Taxセリン57をシステインに変異させるために、以下のプライマーを設計した(変異を小文字で示す):
5'-C AGT GGG GTC tGC ACA GAC CC
5'-GG GTC TGT GCa GAC CCC ACT G
A6 Tax TCRα又はβ鎖の遺伝子を含む発現プラスミドを、それぞれα鎖プライマー又はβ鎖プライマーを使用して、以下のように変異させた。100ngのプラスミドを5μlの10mM dNTP、25μlの10×Pfu緩衝液(Stratagene)、10単位のPfuポリメラーゼ(Stratagene)と混合し、最終容量をH2Oで240μlに調整した。48μlのこの混合物に、50μlの最終反応溶液中で0.2μMの最終濃度が得られるように希釈したプライマーを補充した。95℃にて30秒間の最初の変性工程の後、反応混合物を、Hybaid PCR express PCR装置において、15回の変性(95℃、30秒)、アニーリング(55℃、60秒)及び伸長(73℃、8分)に付した。次いで、産物を10単位のDpnI制限酵素(New England Biolabs)で37℃にて5時間消化した。10μlの消化反応物を、コンピテントXL1-Blue細菌に形質転換し、37℃にて18時間増殖させた。一つのコロニーを採取し、5mlのTYP+アンピシリン(16g/l細菌トリプトン、16g/l酵母抽出物、5g/l NaCl、2.5g/l K2HPO4、100mg/lアンピシリン)中で一晩増殖させた。プラスミドDNAを、製造業者の指示に従ってQiagenミニプレップカラムで精製し、配列を、オックスフォード大学生化学部の配列決定設備で自動配列決定により検証した。それぞれの変異した核酸及びアミノ酸配列を、α鎖については図1a及び2aに、β鎖については図1b及び2bに示す。
α鎖配列の末端部から停止コドン(TAA)を除去した以外は、実施例1で製造し、図1a及び1bに示したような新規ジスルフィドの形成に必要な追加のシステイン残基を組み込んだ変異A6 TCRα及びβ鎖のDNA配列を含む発現ベクターを、以下のように、単鎖A6 TCRの作成の基礎として使用した。
α5'プライマー:ccaaggccatatgcagaaggaagtggagcagaactct
α3'プライマー:ttgggcccgccggatccgcccccgggggaactttctgggctgggg
β5'プライマー:tcccccgggggcggatccggcgggcccaacgctggtgtcactcag
β3'プライマー:gggaagcttagtctgctctaccccaggcctcg
を使用するPCRにより増幅させた。
5'-CC GGG GGT GGC TCT GGC GGT GGC GGT TCA GGC GGT GGC G -3'
3'- C CCA CCG AGA CCG CCA CCG CCA AGT CCG CCA CCG CCT AG-5'。
5'- GC GGA TCC GGC GGT GGC GGT TCG GGT GGC GGT GGC TC-3'
3'- CCA AGC CCA CCG CCA CCG AGT CCG CCA CCG CCC GGG TG -5'。
scDis A6 TCRの完全なDNA及びアミノ酸配列を、それぞれ、図5a及び5bに示す。
単鎖ジスルフィド連結A6 TCRを含む発現プラスミドを、E.coliのBL21pLysS株に形質転換し、1つのアンピシリン耐性コロニーを37℃にてTYP(アンピシリン100μg/ml)培地中でOD600が0.4になるまで増殖させた後、0.5mM IPTGでタンパク質発現を誘導した。誘導の3時間後に、Beckman J-6B中での4000rpmにて30分間の遠心分離によって細胞を採集した。細胞ペレットを、50mM Tris-HCI、25%(w/v)スクロース、1mM NaEDTA、0.1%(w/v)アジ化Na、10mM DTT(pH8.0)を含む緩衝液に再懸濁した。一晩の凍結−解凍工程の後、再懸濁した細胞を、Milsonix XL2020超音波処理器中で標準の12mm径プローブを使用して1分間のバーストで合計約10分間超音波処理した。封入体ペレットを、Beckman J2-21遠心分離器で13000rpmにて30分間の遠心分離により回収した。次いで、3回の界面活性剤洗浄を行なって細胞残渣及び膜成分を除去した。各回で、封入体ペレットをTriton緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCI、0.5%Triton-X100、200mM NaCI、10mM NaEDTA、0.1%(w/v)アジ化Na、2mM DTT(pH8.0))中でホモジナイズした後、Beckman J2-21中で13000rpmにて15分間の遠心分離によりペレット化した。次いで、界面活性剤及び塩を、以下の緩衝液中での同様な洗浄により除去した:50mM Tris-HCl、1mM NaEDTA、0.1%(w/v)アジ化Na、2mM DTT(pH8.0)。最後に、封入体を30mgのアリコートに分け、−70℃で凍結させた。封入体タンパク質の収率を、6Mグアニジン−HClでの可溶化及びBradford顔料結合アッセイ(PerBio)での測定により定量化した。
表面プラズモン共鳴バイオセンサ(BIAcore 3000(商標))を使用して、A6 scTCRとそのペプチド−MHCリガンド(HLA-A2 Tax)との結合を分析した。これは、半配向様式でストレプトアビジン被覆結合表面に固定した単一pMHC複合体(下記に説明)を作成し、同時に4つまでの異なるpMHC(別々のフローセルに固定された)に対する可溶性T細胞レセプターの結合の効率的な試験を可能にすることによって促進させた。HLA複合体の手動での注入により、固定したクラスI分子を正確なレベルで容易に操作することが可能になった。
Claims (6)
- TCRα鎖定常領域細胞外配列のN末端に融合したTCRα鎖可変領域配列により構成されるαセグメント、
TCRβ鎖定常領域細胞外配列のN末端に融合したTCRβ鎖可変領域により構成されるβセグメント、及び
αセグメントのC末端をβセグメントのN末端に又はその逆に連結するリンカー配列
を含み、
α及びβセグメントの定常領域細胞外配列は天然のαβT細胞レセプター中のものと等価でないジスルフィド結合により連結し、
αセグメントの定常領域細胞外配列がTRAC * 01に対応する配列を含み、βセグメントがTRBC1 * 01又はTRBC2 * 01に対応する配列を含み、天然のαβT細胞レセプター中のものと等価でないジスルフィド結合が
TRAC * 01のエキソン1のThr48及びTRBC1 * 01又はTRBC2 * 01のエキソン1のSer57、又は
TRAC * 01のエキソン1のThr45及びTRBC1 * 01又はTRBC2 * 01のエキソン1のSer77、又は
TRAC * 01のエキソン1のTyr10及びTRBC1 * 01又はTRBC2 * 01のエキソン1のSer17、又は
TRAC * 01のエキソン1のThr45及びTRBC1 * 01又はTRBC2 * 01のエキソン1のAsp59、又は
TRAC * 01のエキソン1のSer15及びTRBC1 * 01又はTRBC2 * 01のエキソン1のGlu15
から置換されたシステイン残基間にあり、
リンカー配列の長さは、α及びβセグメントの可変領域が天然のαβT細胞レセプター中と実質的に同様に相互に配向するような長さである単鎖T細胞レセプター(scTCR)。 - α及びβセグメント中に存在する定常領域細胞外配列が、TCRの天然の鎖間ジスルフィド結合を形成するシステイン残基が除去されるように、C末端で短縮化された天然のTCRのα及びβ鎖の定常領域に対応する請求項1に記載のscTCR。
- α及びβセグメント中に存在する定常領域細胞外配列が、天然の鎖間ジスルフィド結合を形成するシステイン残基が別のアミノ酸残基で置換された天然のTCRのα及びβ鎖の定常領域に対応する請求項1に記載のscTCR。
- 天然のTCRβ鎖中に存在する対合していないシステイン残基が存在しない請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のscTCR。
- 天然のαβT細胞レセプター中のものと等価でないジスルフィド結合がTRAC*01のエキソン1のThr48及びTRBC1*01又はTRBC2*01のエキソン1のSer57から置換されたシステイン残基間にある請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のscTCR。
- 治療物質に共有結合している請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のscTCR。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1549748B1 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
JP2006502741A (ja) | 2006-01-26 |
CA2501870C (en) | 2013-07-02 |
US7569664B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 |
NO20052198D0 (no) | 2005-05-04 |
US20060166875A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
WO2004033685A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
EP1549748A1 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
CA2501870A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
NO20052198L (no) | 2005-05-04 |
AU2003271904B2 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
NZ539225A (en) | 2006-09-29 |
IL167652A (en) | 2011-07-31 |
NO335365B1 (no) | 2014-12-01 |
AU2003271904A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
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