JP4327462B2 - エレクトロクロミック表示装置および該装置を作るのに有用な組成物 - Google Patents
エレクトロクロミック表示装置および該装置を作るのに有用な組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4327462B2 JP4327462B2 JP2002573987A JP2002573987A JP4327462B2 JP 4327462 B2 JP4327462 B2 JP 4327462B2 JP 2002573987 A JP2002573987 A JP 2002573987A JP 2002573987 A JP2002573987 A JP 2002573987A JP 4327462 B2 JP4327462 B2 JP 4327462B2
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Images
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1503—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by oxidation-reduction reactions in organic liquid solutions, e.g. viologen solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
- G02F1/176—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 using acid- based indicators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F2001/164—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect the electrolyte is made of polymers
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
好ましくは、第二の二次競争結合剤も加えて混合することができる。次に、エレクトロクロミックインクと二次競争結合剤の混合物に、室温でエレクトロクロミックインクに溶解しないゲル形成重合体(gel-forming polymer)を加え混合する。その後、その混合物をゲル化させるのに十分な温度に加熱された基板上に、スクリーン印刷またはステンシル印刷(stencil printing)によってその混合物を塗布する。
E=E0−(RT/zF)ln(a(RED)/a(OX))
ここで、Rは普遍気体定数であり、Tは絶対温度であり、zは電極表面における反応の電荷数であり、そしてFはファラデー定数である。表記a(RED)は陰極表面におけるすべての還元種の化学活性を表わし、一方、a(OX)は陽極表面におけるすべての酸化種の化学活性を表わす。成分(b)が印加電圧条件下で対向電極において酸化還元反応に関与しない(すなわちE(種)<E(印加))ならば、二次半電池反応として役に立つ二次酸化還元偶(成分(f))が、成分(a)を補完するために加えられてもよい。成分(b)が不可逆または擬可逆的ならば、成分(b)が半電池反応に関与するのを防ぐために成分(f)を加えてもよい。したがって、成分(f)と成分(b)の電極電位が同符号であると仮定すると、成分(f)の電極電位が成分(b)の電極電位よりも0に近いことが好ましい。成分(b)が成分(a)と同符号ならば、種成分(a)の電極電位が成分(b)の電極電位よりも0に近いことが好ましい。
ミノルタ・ルミネセンス・メーター(コントラスト比と明るさ)
BK4017型10MZ掃引関数発生器(BK Model 4017, 10MZ sweep function generator)
HP6209B直流電源
フォトダイオード・プローブ付き455Bオシロスコープ(応答時間と電力)
プレテック(Pretek)マイクロメーター(膜厚)
コントラスト比 EC−8:1〜10:1(電圧と時間に依存する)
色対比 濃い青みを帯びた紫色/黄色
黄色の反射率 白色の紙に対して70パーセント(ITOガラス下)
駆動電圧 >0.7V
電力 1.5ボルトで4mW/インチ2
応答時間 1.5ボルトで0.5秒
開路寿命* 5〜100秒(典型的には15秒)
隙間厚さ 約500ミクロン
* 50パーセントのコントラストを失う時間と定義される。
組成物Bでは、電解質をギ酸ナトリウムにした。両方の材料をITOを被覆したPETの間で約500ミクロンの厚さに押圧した。プラスチック上のITOはガラス上のITOよりも酸および塩基の分解を受けやすいので、プラスチックを用いた。両方の材料を0.1ヘルツのサイクル時間で±4ボルト正負間振幅値で周期変化させた。約2時間後、組成物Aはもはや機能しなかったが、一方、組成物Bでは10時間後さえ機能(色対比または速度)の損失は見られなかった。しかしながら、酸性条件下では、組成物Bは山吹色として変わらなかった(did not turn as bright yellow)ことは注目され、このことは緩衝剤が事実上系のpHを制限していることを示す。
Claims (27)
- 1つは陽極で他の1つは陰極である少なくとも2つの電極、ならびに目に見えるような方法でそれらの2つの電極間に位置し、(a)可逆的な電子移動反応を受け、続いてプロトン性状態が変化し、装置内にpH勾配を生じる化合物、(b)少なくとも1つの指示薬色素、および(c)電荷輸送材料を含む組成物からなる表示装置であって、成分(a)、(b)および(c)はお互いに異なり、成分(a)が電極表面で優先的に電子移動反応を受ける表示装置。
- 成分(a)が非水成分である請求項1に記載の装置。
- 成分(a)の電極電位が半電池反応中の同一符号の他の成分の電極電位よりも小さい請求項1に記載の装置。
- 成分(a)が0.01〜15質量パーセントの量で存在し、成分(b)が0.01〜15質量パーセントの量で存在し、成分(c)が5〜99.98質量パーセントの量で存在し、さらに0〜90質量パーセントの量で存在するマトリックス材料成分(d)、0〜40質量パーセントの量で存在する乳白剤成分(e)および0〜15質量パーセントの量で存在する二次酸化還元材料成分(f)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 成分(a)の標準還元電位が他の成分の標準還元電位よりも小さい請求項1に記載の装置。
- 成分(a)がヨウ素酸塩、臭素酸塩、硫酸塩、金属水酸化物、リン酸塩、ケトン、アルデヒド、キノン、キノリン、硫黄化合物、ヒドロキシベンゼン、カルボン酸およびアミンからなる群から選ばれる請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 成分(b)がフェニルタレイン、ブロモクレゾールパープル、フェノールレッド、エチルレッド、キナルジンレッド、チモールタレイン、チモールブルー、マラカイトグリーン、クリスタルバイオレット、メチルバイオレット2B、キシレノールブルー、クレゾールレッド、フィルオキシンB、コンゴーレッド、メチルオレンジ、ブロモクロロフェノールブルー、アリザリンレッド、クロロフェノールレッド、4−ニトロフェノール、ナイルブルーA、アニリンブルー、インジゴカルミン、およびブロモチモールブルーからなる群から選ばれた1つ以上の指示薬色素またはそれらの誘導体を含む請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 成分(c)が塩およびプロピレンカルボナート、ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルピロリジノン、アセトニトリル、ジメチルスルホキシド、アルコール、ピリジンおよび1,4−ジオキサン、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールおよびポリエチレングリコールからなる群から選ばれた溶媒を含む請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 成分(c)が固体電解質である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 陽極および陰極が別々の基板に設けられ、電極基板複合体を形成し、電極基板複合体の少なくとも1つが透明である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 電圧が該組成物を横切って通されたときに画像を形成するように、電極の少なくとも1つまたは該組成物がパターン化されている請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- マトリックス成分(d)が重合体または他の粘度調節剤を含み、マトリックスに該組成物の他の成分が混合されている請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 乳白剤が二酸化チタン、ラテックス、バリウムおよびチタン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- (a)電子移動反応を受け、続いてプロトン性状態が変化する化合物、(b)pHの変化が起こるときに色を変える少なくとも1つの指示薬色素、および(c)イオン伝導性材料を含む組成物であって、成分(a)、(b)および(c)はお互いに異なり、電荷が該組成物に印加されたときに成分(a)が優先的に電子移動反応を受ける組成物。
- さらに(d)マトリックス材料を含み、成分(a)、(b)、(c)および(d)がお互いに異なり、成分(c)が流体である請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 成分(a)の標準還元電位が他の成分の標準還元電位よりも小さい請求項14または15に記載の組成物。
- 組成物の全質量を基準として、成分(a)が0.01〜15質量パーセントの量で存在し、成分(b)が0.01〜15質量パーセントの量で存在し、成分(c)が5〜99.98質量パーセントの量で存在し、成分(d)が0〜90質量パーセントの量で存在し、乳白剤成分(e)が0〜75質量パーセントの量で存在し、二次酸化還元材料成分(f)が0〜15質量パーセントの量で存在することを特徴とする請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 成分(a)がヨウ素酸塩、臭素酸塩、硫酸塩、金属水酸化物、リン酸塩、ケトン、アルデヒド、キノン、キノリン、硫黄化合物、ヒドロキシベンゼン、カルボン酸、およびアミンからなる群から選ばれる請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 成分(b)が、フェニルタレイン、ブロモクレゾールパープル、フェノールレッド、エチルレッド、キナルジンレッド、チモールタレイン、チモールブルー、マラカイトグリーン、クリスタルバイオレット、メチルバイオレット2B、キシレノールブルー、クレゾールレッド、フィルオキシンB、コンゴーレッド、メチルオレンジ、ブロモクロロフェノールブルー、アリザリンレッド、クロロフェノールレッド、4−ニトロフェノール、ナイルブルーA、アニリンブルー、インジゴカルミン、およびブロモチモールブルーからなる群から選択された1つ以上の指示薬色素を含む請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 成分(c)が固体電解質である請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- マトリックス(d)が重合体または他の粘度調節剤を含み、マトリックスに該組成物の他の成分が混合されている請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 乳白剤成分(e)が二酸化チタン、ラテックス、およびチタン酸バリウムからなる群から選ばれる請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 二次酸化還元材料成分(f)が、ヨウ素酸塩、臭素酸塩、硫酸塩、金属水酸化物、リン酸塩、ケトン、アルデヒド、キノン、キノリン、硫黄化合物、ヒドロキシベンゼン、カルボン酸、ポリオキソメタラート、およびアミンからなる群から選ばれる請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 基板の上に配置された請求項14〜16のいずれか1項の組成物からなる薄膜をさらに含む物品。
- 該薄膜の第一の基板とは反対側に第二の基板を含み、基板の少なくとも1つが剥離層である請求項24に記載の物品。
- 該薄膜の厚さが25〜100μmである請求項24に記載の物品。
- 該薄膜の厚さが50μmよりも大きい請求項24に記載の物品。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27703001P | 2001-03-19 | 2001-03-19 | |
| PCT/US2002/008601 WO2002075441A2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | Electrochromic display device and compositions useful in making such devices |
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| JP2004528592A JP2004528592A (ja) | 2004-09-16 |
| JP2004528592A5 JP2004528592A5 (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
| JP4327462B2 true JP4327462B2 (ja) | 2009-09-09 |
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| JP2002573988A Expired - Fee Related JP4554888B2 (ja) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | マトリックスアドレス可能エレクトロクロミック表示装置 |
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| EP (2) | EP1379914A1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP4327462B2 (ja) |
| KR (2) | KR100984999B1 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN1266535C (ja) |
| AU (3) | AU2002250385A1 (ja) |
| BR (2) | BR0208151A (ja) |
| CA (2) | CA2441172A1 (ja) |
| MX (2) | MXPA03008458A (ja) |
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| BR0208128A (pt) | 2004-03-02 |
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| KR20030085022A (ko) | 2003-11-01 |
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| CN1266535C (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
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| JP2004528593A (ja) | 2004-09-16 |
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