JP4238983B2 - Flocculant injection control method and control apparatus therefor - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、上水汚泥、下水汚泥及び産業排水汚泥等の凝集状態を撮影して、凝集剤注入率を調整する凝集剤注入制御方法とその制御装置の改良に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、懸濁物質を含有する原液は、凝集剤を添加して懸濁物質のフロックを形成させ、脱水汚泥の含水率の低減を図っている。この原液中の懸濁物質の凝集状態の制御装置としては、凝集混和槽中の懸濁物質の凝集状態を撮影し、あるいは、原液と凝集剤の一部を小型の試験槽に供給し、懸濁物質を凝集させたフロックを撮影して２値化処理し、フロックの数で懸濁物質の凝集状態を解析する汚泥凝集処理装置は、例えば、特許文献１に記載してあるように公知である。また、２値化画像により凝集塊群の平均粒径を求める制御装置も、特許文献２に記載してあるように公知である。
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特許第３１３６５５４号公報（段落番号００１２乃至段落番号００１６，図１）
【特許文献２】
特公平６−６１４１０号公報（請求項１，図１）
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来の汚泥凝集処理装置は、フロックの影響を受けることがなく、凝集状態の評価をオンラインにて自動計測が可能であり、添加量を自動調整できる利点がある。しかしながら、懸濁物質の凝集状態をフロックの数で評価するものは、濃度が変われば、同率の凝集剤添加でもフロック数が変わる。粒径を測定する手段は、フロックの形状がいびつであり、粒径の評価が困難である。そして、凝集混和槽や試験槽には槽の奥行きによるフロックの重なりがあり、正確な撮影ができない。撹拌機が回転しているため、フロックの動きが早く、撮影できない欠点がある。この発明は、原液の配管ラインにテレビカメラを配設し、フロックの重なりが少なく、脈動のない適度な流速に下がる配管中でフロックの大きさを撮影する凝集剤注入制御方法並びにその制御装置を提供する。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明に係る凝集剤注入制御方法の請求項１に記載の発明は、原液中に凝集剤を添加して密閉状の凝集混和槽の下部に供給し、懸濁物質のフロックを形成させ、その原液を凝集混和槽の上部から一定の原液量を脱水機に圧入供給する汚泥処理装置において、脱水機に定量の原液を供給する原液供給管中のフロックの大きさを撮影し、輝度信号を電気信号に変換させ、電気信号からフロックの大きさを２値化させ、数回分のフロックの２値画像から計算した平均面積とあらかじめ設定したフロックの基準面積と比較して、平均解析面積が基準面積より大きければ、凝集剤注入率を減少させ、平均解析面積が基準面積より小さければ、凝集剤注入率を増加させると共に、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲内に達した時には凝集剤注入率を維持し、凝集剤注入率が設定した上限値又は下限値に達しても、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲外の時には、凝集剤注入率を維持しながら異常信号を発信するもので、調整不可能となる状態が異常信号により察知でき、凝集剤注入制御装置の自動化が行える。原液供給管の原液は、適度に流速が下がり、フロック間の重なりが少なくなって正確な撮影が可能となり、測定誤差が解除されて安定したフロックの状態で 解析面積を測定できる。
【０００６】
凝集剤注入制御方法の請求項２に記載の発明は、上記凝集混和槽（５）に回転数を制御する撹拌機（１１）を併設し、フロック１個当たりの平均解析面積が比較した基準面積より大きければ、凝集剤注入率を減少し、同時に凝集混和槽の懸濁物質の撹拌数を増加させ、フロックの平均解析面積が基準面積より小さければ、凝集剤注入率を増加し、同時に懸濁物質の撹拌数を減少させると共に、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲内に達した時には凝集剤注入率と撹拌数を維持し、凝集剤注入率又は懸濁物質の撹拌数が設定した上限値又は下限値に達しても、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲外の時には、凝集剤注入率と懸濁物質の撹拌数を維持しながら異常信号を発信するもので、結合力の弱い過大なフロックは凝集剤の添加率を少なくし、同時に撹拌機の回転数を早くすれば最適フロックとすることができる。また、結合力が強くても小さ過ぎるフロックは、凝集剤の添加率を増やし、同時に撹拌機の回転数を少なくすれば、最適フロックとすることができる。
【０００７】
制御方法を実施するための凝集剤注入制御装置の請求項３に記載の発明は、原液中に凝集剤を添加して密閉状の凝集混和槽の下部に供給し、懸濁物質のフロックを形成させ、その原液を凝集混和槽の上部から脱水機に一定の原液量を圧入供給する汚泥処理装置において、脱水機に定量の原液を供給する原液供給管に設けた検視窓に、懸濁物質のフロックの大きさを撮影するテレビカメラを配設し、フロック画像を２値化してフロック１個当たりの平均解析面積を積算する演算装置と、フロックの形成状況に基づき指令信号を発信するシーケンサー比例制御と、指令信号に基づき回転数を制御する凝集剤注入ポンプと、シーケンサー比例制御に異常信号装置を併設すると共に、フロックの平均解析面積とあらかじめ設定した基準面積を比較して、平均解析面積が基準面積より大きければ、凝集剤注入ポンプの回転数を減少させ、平均解析面積が基準面積より小さければ、凝集剤注入ポンプの回転数を増加させ、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲内に達した時には凝集剤注入ポンプの回転数を維持し、凝集剤注入ポンプの回転数が設定した上限値又は下限値に達しても、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲外の時には、凝集剤注入ポンプの回転数を維持しながら異常信号装置を作動させるもので、フロックを基準面積の許容範囲の上限値と下限値の間で管理して、異常信号により調整不可能となる状態が察知でき、技術者の原因の調査が可能となる。
【０００８】
凝集剤注入制御装置の請求項４に記載の発明は、上記凝集混和槽にシーケンサー比例制御の指令信号に基づき回転数を制御する撹拌機を設け、フロック１個当たりの平均解析面積が比較した基準面積より大きければ、凝集剤注入ポンプの回転数を減少し、同時に撹拌機の回転数を増加させ、フロックの平均解析面積が基準面積より小さければ、凝集剤注入ポンプの回転数を増加し、同時に撹拌機の回転数を減少させると共に、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲内に達した時には凝集剤注入ポンプの回転数と撹拌機の回転数を維持し、凝集剤注入ポンプ又は撹拌機の回転数が設定した上限値又は下限値に達しても、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲外の時には、凝集剤注入ポンプと撹拌機の回転数を維持しながら異常信号装置を作動させるもので、凝集剤注入ポンプと撹拌機の回転数を操作して、大きくても結合力の弱いフロックを強くし、小さすぎるフロックを大きくして高分子の減量と撹拌強化が行える。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明に係る凝集剤注入制御方法並びにその制御装置は上記のように構成してあり、濃度の変動に対する凝集剤の注入率の比例値を設定し、凝集混和槽からタンク圧で抜出して、脱水機（１２）に定量の原液を供給する原液供給管の原液中のフロックを撮像し、懸濁物質のフロックの平均面積を算出し、基準面積としてコンピュータに予め入力しておく。そして、凝集混和槽から脱水機に供給される原液を配管ラインに設けた検視管から撮像し、１５〜３０秒間に１回フロックの大きさを撮影し、輝度信号を電気信号に変換する。このフロック画像を演算装置で２値化し、２値化データの４回分（１〜２分間データ）を平均し、コンピュータで高分子増減の評価を行う。フロックの１ヶ当たりの平均解析面積と基準面積を比較して、平均解析面積に応じて凝集剤注入率を変動させる。凝集剤供給量を変更した直後は、２〜３分待ってから撮影をスタートさせる。このようにして算出したフロックの１ヶ当たりの平均解析面積と基準面積を比較して、平均解析面積に応じて凝集剤注入率を変動させて、原液中のフロックに対する凝集剤注入率の比例制御を行う。
【００１０】
一定の原液量を脱水機（１２）に供給する原液供給管（１３）中のフロックの大きさを撮影し、フロックの１ヶ当たりの平均解析面積と基準面積を比較して、平均解析面積に応じて凝集剤注入率を変動させる。濃度が変われば同率の凝集剤添加でもフロックの数が変わるため、懸濁物質の凝集状態をフロックの面積で評価する。フロックの大きさで解析すれば、より正確に配管中に含まれるフロックの大きさを２値化させることができる。また、凝集剤比例注入および撹拌機回転によるコントロール方法は、凝集剤注入比率を規定量増減させ、所定の速度で撹拌する撹拌機の回転数を変動させる。凝集剤注入率と撹拌機の回転数が、上限値あるいは下限値に達した時には、異常信号を出し、技術者が状況を調査する。
【００１１】
【実施例】
この発明に係る凝集剤注入制御装置を図面に基づき詳述すると、図１は凝集剤注入制御装置に用いる機器類の構成図であって、懸濁物質を含有する原液が撹拌機１を配設した原液貯留槽２に貯留してあり、原液供給ポンプ３で圧入管４から密閉状の凝集混和槽５の槽底に一定量の原液を圧入する。凝集剤が撹拌機６を配設した高分子凝集剤溶解槽７に貯留してあり、可変容量の凝集剤注入ポンプ９で圧入管４の原液に０．３〜１．０％の範囲で添加して、凝集混和槽５の槽底に供給する。凝集剤注入ポンプ９は凝集剤の添加率を段階的に０．１％増減できるようにしてある。なお、凝集剤は凝集混和槽５に直接供給してもよいものである。凝集混和槽５には可変速駆動機１０に連結した撹拌機１１が配設してあり、原液と高分子凝集剤を通常４０ｒｐｍの速度で撹拌し、段階的に３〜５ｒｐｍの増速と減速を可能としてある。
【００１２】
図１に示すように、凝集混和槽５の上部には、フロックを形成した原液を脱水機のスクリュープレス１２に供給させる原液供給管１３が連結してある。原液供給ポンプ３の凝集混和槽５への圧入圧を利用して、凝集混和槽５のタンク圧で原液をスクリュープレス１２に圧入し、凝集した懸濁物質のフロックが脈作動により壊れないようにしてある。原液供給管１３に凝集した懸濁物質のフロックの状況を撮影する検視窓１４が設けてある。原液供給管１３の検視窓１４から３０〜４０ｃｍ離れた位置にテレビカメラ１５が設置してある。図２は凝集剤注入制御装置の画像解析制御フローであって、原液供給管１３中の懸濁物質のフロックの大きさをテレビカメラ１５で１５〜３０秒間に１回撮影し、その輝度信号をデジタル信号に変換する。電気信号の輝度情報はコントローラ１３に送信され、コントローラ８がフロック画像を演算装置１７に伝送する。テレビカメラ１５から伝送されてくるフロック群の画像輝度情報は、演算装置１７の画像ボード１８で記憶される。この画像情報は２値化回路１９により輝度レベルに応じて２値化される。
【００１３】
２値化されたフロック群の画像情報は平均面積演算回路２０に入力されて、２値化データの４回分（１〜２分間データ）を平均してフロック群面積の平均値を求める。このフロック１ヶ当たりの平均面積を一画面における平均解析面積とする。測定回数の理由は、一回程度の測定ではフロック同士の重なりがあり、測定誤差がある。測定回数が多いほど正確となるが、早い操作をする目的もあり、４回程度が適当である。平均面積演算回路１３の処理結果は、演算装置１７から信号変換機２１に送られ、デジタル信号をアナログ信号に変換し、シーケンサー比例制御２２に送信する。シーケンサー比例制御２２には、あらかじめ凝集混和槽５から抜出した原液中のフロックを撮影して、懸濁物質のフロックの平均面積を算出し、基準面積としてシーケンサー比例制御２２に入力してある。そして、あらかじめ原液中の懸濁物質量の変動と濃度の変動に対する凝集剤の注入率の比例値を設定してある。
【００１４】
図３（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）は、テレビカメラ１５で撮影した懸濁物質のフロックの画像であって、図３（ａ）の画像は小さいフロックであり、凝集剤の添加率を増やし、あるいは、撹拌機の回転数を遅くして、図３（ｂ）の最適フロックとする必要がある。また、凝集剤の添加率を増やしながら、撹拌機の回転数を遅くすることも考えられる。図３（ｃ）の画像は過大なフロックであり、凝集剤の添加率を少なくし、あるいは、撹拌機の回転数を早くして、図３（ｂ）の最適フロックとする必要かある。この場合にも、凝集剤の添加率を少なくしながら、撹拌機の回転数を早くすることも考えられる。
【００１５】
【表１】
【００１６】
表１はシーケンサー比例制御に入力するフロックの基準面積の解析データであって、凝集混和槽５の原液流入量（ｍ3）に対するあらかじめ設定する凝集剤添加率（％）を、原液流入量１０ｍ3に対する凝集剤添加率を０．２％、０．３％、０．４％の３段階に設定した。このデータに基づき、原液中の懸濁物質を凝集させ、フロックを撮影して、凝集汚泥のフロックを大きい順に２０点を平均した。そのフロック画像の面積データは、表１のとおりである。あらかじめ汚泥流入量に対する凝集剤の注入率を設定し、その原液中のフロック１個当たりの平均面積を、フロックの基準面積としてシーケンサー比例制御２２に入力してある。
【００１７】
シーケンサー比例制御２２には凝集剤注入率を増減させる比例設定値があらかじめ入力してあり、フロックの１ヶ当たりの平均解析面積が基準面積より大きい場合は、現状の設定値から凝集剤添加率を０．１％少なくし、平均解析面積が基準面積より小さい場合、現状の設定値から凝集剤添加率を０．１％多くするようしてある。シーケンサー比例制御２２は演算装置１７から送信されるフロックの１ヶ当たりの平均解析面積と、設定した基準面積を比較演算し、凝集剤注入ポンプ１７からの凝集剤の注入率を制御する。凝集剤注入率の上限値と下限値が設定してあり、この発明の実施例では、０．３〜１．０％、好ましくは、０．５〜０．７％としてある。凝集剤注入ポンプ１７の回転数が上限値あるいは下限値に到達した時に、シーケンサー比例制御２２に併設した異常信号装置２３が、異常信号を出すようにしてある。原液の泥の質以外の要素、または全く異なった液の混入などの要素が影響を及ぼし、調整不能となっていることが考えられ、技術者が原因を調査する。なお、異常信号を警報としてもよいものである。
【００１８】
そして、凝集混和槽５に設置した撹拌機１１は、所定の回転数で撹拌するようにしてあり、この発明の実施例では、４０ｒｐｍとしてある。シーケンサー比例制御２２にはフロックの平均解析面積に対応して、凝集混和槽５に設置した撹拌機１１の可変速駆動機１０の回転数を切替える規定値（３〜５ｒｐｍ）が設定してある。シーケンサー比例制御２２は凝集剤注入ポンプ１７からの凝集剤の注入率を制御すると共に、平均解析面積と基準面積を比較して、撹拌機１１の回転数を制御する。この実施例では、解析面積が基準面積より大きい場合は、撹拌機１１の回転数を３〜５ｒｐｍ規定値より増速させる。解析面積が基準面積より小さい場合は、撹拌機１１の回転数を３〜５ｒｐｍ規定値より減速させる。
【００１９】
撹拌機１１の回転数は上限値と下限値が設定してあり、撹拌機１１の回転数が規定値の上限値に上昇あるいは下限値に降下した時には、ケンサー比例制御２２に併設した異常信号装置２３が異常信号を発するようにしてある。撹拌機１１の回転数の上限値と下限値の設定は、凝集混和槽５の大きさ、原液流量、及び濃度により異なるものであり、適宜設定すればよいものである。演算装置１７のフロックの平均面積の演算値に基づき、シーケンサー比例制御２２はフロックの平均面積が規定値になるように、凝集剤注入ポンプ９からの注入率と撹拌機１１の回転数を制御する。凝集剤注入率を変化させた場合、フロックの粒径が変化するまでの数分間の時間を考慮する。この発明の実施例では、２〜３分後に再びテレビカメラ１５で撮像するが、凝集混和槽５の容量により待機時間が変わるものである。
【００２０】
この発明に係る凝集剤注入制御装置は上記のように構成してあり、その制御装置による凝集剤注入制御方法について説明すると、
先ず、原液中の懸濁物質量の変動に対する凝集剤注入率の比例制御によるコントロール方法は、フロックの１ヶ当たりの解析面積（平均面積）が基準面積より大きい場合、凝集剤注入率の比例設定値を変更させ、凝集剤注入率を０．１％少なくし、２〜３分間待ち再測定する。まだ、解析面積が基準面積より大きい場合、上記操作を繰り返す。凝集剤注入率が下限値の０．３％に達した時、現状を維持しながら、異常信号を出す。逆に、フロックの１ヶ当たりの平均解析面積が基準面積より小さい場合は、凝集剤の注入率０．１％を増加させ、２〜３分間待ち再測定する。凝集剤の注入率が上限値の１．０％になった時は、現状維持しながら異常信号を出す。異常信号が表示され、或いは警報があった時には、技術者が原因を調査する。平均解析面積が基準面積の範囲内（０．３〜１．０％）にある時には、現時点の凝集剤注入率を維持しながら、テレビカメラ１５で連続撮影してフロックの状態を監視する。
【００２１】
脱水機１２に定量の原液を供給し、フロックの平均解析面積が基準面積より大きくなった時に、凝集剤供給量を現状より設定値０．１％少なくし、２〜３分間待ち再測定する。上記の操作を繰り返し、凝集剤の注入率が下限値０．３％に達しても、まだ解析面積が基準面積より大きい時は、上記操作を繰り返し、凝集剤注入率の下限値０．３％に達した場合は現状維持しながら異常信号を出す。逆に、平均解析面積が基準面積より小さい場合は、凝集剤注入ポンプ１７の回転数を増加させ、凝集剤注入率を０．１％増加させて２〜３分間待ち再測定する。上記の操作を繰り返し、凝集剤の注入率が上限値の１．０％平均に達してもまだ平均解析面積が基準面積より小さい場合は、凝集剤の注入率を維持しながら異常信号を出す。異常信号が表示され、或いは警報があった時には、技術者が原因を調査する。
【００２２】
凝集剤注入率の比例制御と撹拌機によるコントロール方法は、平均解析面積が基準面積より大きい場合には、凝集剤注入比率を規定量の０．１％を減少させ、２〜３分間待ち再測定する。まだ解析面積が基準面積より大きい時には、撹拌機１１の回転数は所定の回転数４０ｒｐｍを維持しながら、凝集剤注入比率を０．１％減少させる。上記の操作を繰り返し、凝集剤の注入率が下限値０．３％に達しても、まだ解析面積が基準面積より大きい場合は、撹拌機１１の回転数を規定値の３〜５ｒｐｍ速める。弱い大きいフロックは、撹拌機１１の回転数を増やして小さくし、凝集剤と撹拌混合してフロックを強くする。撹拌機３の回転数が上限値となった時には、異常信号を出す。逆に解析面積が基準面積より小さい場合には、凝集剤の注入率を設定値の０．１％増加させ、２〜３分間待ち再測定する。凝集剤の注入率が指定上限値１．０％、になった場合、撹拌機１１の回転を規定値の３〜５ｒｐｍ下げる。撹拌機１１の回転数は下限値を設定しておき、下限値に達してもフロックが小さい場合は異常信号を出す。異常信号が表示され、或いは警報があった時には、技術者が原因を調査する。
【００２３】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明の凝集剤注入制御方法並びにその制御装置は、脱水機に定量の原液を供給する原液供給管のフロックを撮像し、凝集剤の添加率を操作してフロックの平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲の上限値と下限値の間で管理できる。そして、シーケンサー比例制御に異常信号装置を併設し、凝集剤注入率の上限値と下限値で発信させる異常信号により調整不可能となる状態が察知でき、技術者の原因の調査が可能となり、凝集剤注入制御装置の自動化が行なえる。また、凝集混和槽に回転数を制御する撹拌機を併設すれば、
大きくても結合力の弱いフロックを強くして、小さすぎるフロックを大きくして高分子の減量と撹拌強化が行える。原液供給管の原液は、適度に流速が下がり、フロック間の重なりが少なくなって正確な撮影が可能となり、測定誤差が解除されて安定したフロックの状態で解析面積を測定できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 この発明に係る凝集剤注入制御装置に用いる機器類の構成図である。
【図２】 この発明に係る凝集剤注入制御装置の画像解析制御フローである。
【図３】 テレビカメラで撮影した懸濁物質のフロックの画像であって、図３（ａ）は小さいフロック、図３（ｂ）は最適フロック、図３（ｃ）は過大なフロックを示す。
【符号の説明】
５ 凝集混和槽
６ 検視窓
９ 凝集剤注入ポンプ
１１ 撹拌機
１２ スクリュープレス
１３ 原液供給管
１４ 検視窓
１５ テレビカメラ
１７ 演算装置
２２ シーケンサー比例制御
２３ 異常信号装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a flocculant injection control method for adjusting the flocculant injection rate by photographing the agglomeration state of clean water sludge, sewage sludge, industrial wastewater sludge, and the like, and an improvement of the control device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a stock solution containing suspended solids has added flocculants to form flocs of suspended solids to reduce the water content of dehydrated sludge. As a control device for the aggregated state of suspended substances in the stock solution, the aggregated state of suspended substances in the coagulation mixing tank is photographed, or a part of the stock solution and the flocculant is supplied to a small test tank. A sludge agglomeration processing apparatus that captures a binarized image of flocs obtained by agglomerating suspended substances and analyzes the agglomerated state of the suspended solids by the number of flocs is known as described in Patent Document 1, for example. is there. Also, a control device that obtains the average particle size of the aggregate group from the binarized image is known as described in Patent Document 2.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 3136554 (paragraph numbers 0012 to 0016, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-61410 (Claim 1, FIG. 1)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional sludge flocculation treatment apparatus is not affected by flocs, and has an advantage that the flocculation state can be automatically measured online and the addition amount can be automatically adjusted. However, in the case where the aggregation state of the suspended substance is evaluated by the number of flocs, if the concentration is changed, the floc number is changed even when the flocculant is added at the same rate. As for the means for measuring the particle size, the floc shape is irregular and it is difficult to evaluate the particle size. The flocculent mixing tank and the test tank have floc overlap due to the depth of the tank, so that accurate photographing cannot be performed. Since the agitator is rotating, the flock moves quickly, and there is a disadvantage that photography cannot be performed. The present invention provides a flocculant injection control method and a control apparatus for photographing a floc size in a pipe in which a TV camera is disposed in a raw material piping line, and flocs are overlapped and the flow rate is reduced to an appropriate flow rate without pulsation. provide.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the flocculant injection control method of the present invention, the flocculant is added to the stock solution and supplied to the lower part of the sealed flocculent mixing tank to form a floc of the suspended substance. in press-supplying sludge treatment apparatus dehydrator certain stock amount from the top of the stock solution mixing flocculation tank, taking the size of the flocs stock solution supply pipe for supplying the stock solution of quantitative dehydration, electric luminance signal It is converted into a signal, the size of the floc is binarized from the electric signal, and the average area calculated from the binary image of several flocs is compared with the preset reference area of the floc, and the average analysis area is the reference area If the average analysis area is smaller than the reference area, the flocculant injection rate is decreased.If the average analysis area is smaller than the reference area, the flocculant injection rate is increased. Maintenance , Even reached the upper limit or the lower limit coagulant injection rate is set, when the average analysis area is outside the allowable range of the reference area is for transmitting an abnormality signal while maintaining the coagulant injection rate, not adjustable Can be detected by an abnormal signal, and the flocculant injection control device can be automated. The undiluted solution in the undiluted solution supply pipe has a moderately low flow rate and less overlap between flocs, enabling accurate imaging, and measurement error can be eliminated and the analysis area can be measured in a stable floc state .
[0006]
The invention according to claim 2 of the flocculant injection control method is provided with a stirrer (11) for controlling the number of rotations in the agglomeration mixing tank (5), and a reference area in which the average analysis area per floc is compared. If it is larger, the flocculant injection rate is decreased, and at the same time, the number of stirring of the suspended solids in the flocculent mixing tank is increased, and if the average analysis area of floc is smaller than the reference area, the flocculant injection rate is increased and suspended simultaneously. While reducing the stirring number of the substance and maintaining the average analysis area within the allowable range of the standard area, maintain the flocculant injection rate and the stirring number, and set the upper limit value set by the flocculant injection rate or the suspension substance stirring number or even reaches the lower limit, when the average analysis area is outside the allowable range of the reference area is for transmitting an abnormality signal while maintaining the agitation rate of suspended solids and coagulant injection rate, weak bonding force excessive Flock reduces the rate of flocculant addition Can be optimized floc if faster the rotational speed of the stirrer at the same time. In addition, flocs that are too small even if the bonding force is strong can be made optimum flocs by increasing the addition rate of the flocculant and simultaneously reducing the rotation speed of the stirrer.
[0007]
The invention according to claim 3 of the flocculant injection control device for carrying out the control method adds flocculant to the stock solution and supplies it to the lower part of the closed flocculent mixing tank to form a floc of suspended substance In the sludge treatment equipment that press-fitted a constant amount of stock solution into the dehydrator from the upper part of the coagulation mixing tank, the suspended substance is introduced into the observation window provided in the stock solution supply pipe that supplies a fixed amount of stock solution to the dehydrator. Arranging a TV camera that captures the size of the flock, binarizing the flock image and accumulating the average analysis area per flock, and sequencer proportional control that sends a command signal based on the flock formation status And an aggregating agent injection pump that controls the number of revolutions based on the command signal and an abnormal signal device in the sequencer proportional control, and compare the average analysis area of the floc with a preset reference area If the average analysis area is larger than the reference area, the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump is decreased, and if the average analysis area is smaller than the reference area, the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump is increased and the average analysis area is within the allowable range of the reference area. When the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump reaches within the range, even if the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump reaches the set upper limit value or lower limit value, when the average analysis area is outside the allowable range of the reference area, The abnormal signal device is operated while maintaining the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump . The floc is managed between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the allowable range of the reference area, and the state in which the adjustment cannot be performed due to the abnormal signal. It can be detected and the cause of the engineer can be investigated.
[0008]
The invention according to claim 4 of the flocculant injection control device is provided with a stirrer for controlling the number of rotations based on a command signal for sequencer proportional control in the agglomeration mixing tank, and a standard in which an average analysis area per floc is compared. If it is larger than the area, decrease the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump and increase the rotation speed of the agitator at the same time.If the average analysis area of floc is smaller than the reference area, increase the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump, Reduce the number of rotations of the stirrer and maintain the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump and the rotation speed of the stirrer when the average analysis area reaches the allowable range of the reference area. even reached the upper limit or the lower limit number is set, when the average analysis area is outside the allowable range of the reference area, actuates the abnormal signal device while maintaining the rotational speed of the stirrer and coagulant injection pump Since, by operating the rotational speed of the stirrer and coagulant injection pump, increase strongly weak flock bonding force is also too small flock increased to perform the stirring and enhanced reduction of the polymer.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The flocculant injection control method and the control apparatus according to the present invention are configured as described above, set the proportional value of the flocculant injection rate with respect to the concentration fluctuation, and withdraw the tank from the flocculent mixing tank at the tank pressure for dehydration. The flocs in the stock solution of the stock solution supply pipe for supplying a fixed amount of stock solution to the machine (12) are imaged, the average area of the suspended material flocs is calculated, and previously input as a reference area into the computer. Then, the stock solution supplied to the dehydrator from the coagulation / mixing tank is imaged from a sight tube provided in the piping line, the size of the floc is photographed once every 15 to 30 seconds, and the luminance signal is converted into an electrical signal. This flock image is binarized by an arithmetic device, averaged four times of binarized data (data for 1 to 2 minutes), and polymer increase / decrease is evaluated by a computer. The average analysis area per floc is compared with the reference area, and the flocculant injection rate is varied according to the average analysis area. Immediately after changing the flocculant supply amount, wait for 2 to 3 minutes before starting to shoot. By comparing the average analysis area per floc calculated in this way with the reference area, the flocculant injection rate is varied according to the average analysis area, and proportional control of the flocculant injection rate with respect to the floc in the stock solution I do.
[0010]
Take a picture of the size of the flock in the stock solution supply pipe (13) that supplies a certain amount of stock solution to the dehydrator (12), compare the average analysis area per floc with the reference area, and calculate the average analysis area. The flocculant injection rate is varied accordingly. If the concentration changes, the number of flocs changes even with the addition of the same rate of flocculant, so the aggregated state of the suspended matter is evaluated by the floc area. If analysis is performed using the size of the floc, the size of the floc contained in the pipe can be binarized more accurately. Further, in the control method using the coagulant proportional injection and the rotation of the stirrer, the flocculant injection ratio is increased or decreased by a specified amount, and the rotation speed of the stirrer stirred at a predetermined speed is changed. When the coagulant injection rate and the rotation speed of the stirrer reach the upper limit value or the lower limit value, an abnormal signal is issued and the technician investigates the situation.
[0011]
【Example】
The flocculant injection control device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of equipment used in the flocculant injection control device, and a stock solution containing suspended substances is provided with an agitator 1. The stock solution is stored in the stock solution storage tank 2, and a fixed amount of the stock solution is press-fitted from the press-fit pipe 4 to the bottom of the sealed coagulation and mixing tank 5 by the stock solution supply pump 3. The flocculant is stored in a polymer flocculant dissolution tank 7 provided with a stirrer 6 and added to the stock solution of the press-fitting pipe 4 by a variable capacity flocculant injection pump 9 in the range of 0.3 to 1.0%. And it supplies to the tank bottom of the aggregation mixing tank 5. FIG. The flocculant injection pump 9 can increase or decrease the addition rate of the flocculant stepwise by 0.1%. The flocculant may be directly supplied to the flocculent mixing tank 5. The agglomeration and mixing tank 5 is provided with a stirrer 11 connected to a variable speed driving machine 10, and the stock solution and the polymer flocculant are usually stirred at a speed of 40 rpm, and the speed is increased and decreased at 3 to 5 rpm stepwise. Is possible.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1, a stock solution supply pipe 13 is connected to the upper part of the agglomeration mixing tank 5 to feed a stock solution in which flocks are formed to a screw press 12 of a dehydrator. Utilizing the press-fitting pressure of the stock solution supply pump 3 into the coagulation mixing tank 5, the stock solution is pressed into the screw press 12 with the tank pressure of the coagulation mixing tank 5 so that the flocs of the aggregated suspended solids are not broken by the pulse operation. It is. An inspection window 14 is provided for photographing the state of flocs of the suspended substance aggregated in the stock solution supply pipe 13. A television camera 15 is installed at a position 30 to 40 cm away from the inspection window 14 of the stock solution supply pipe 13. FIG. 2 is an image analysis control flow of the flocculant injection control device. The size of the floc of the suspended substance in the stock solution supply pipe 13 is photographed once every 15 to 30 seconds by the TV camera 15, and the luminance signal is obtained. Convert to digital signal. The luminance information of the electrical signal is transmitted to the controller 13, and the controller 8 transmits the flock image to the arithmetic device 17. The image brightness information of the flock group transmitted from the TV camera 15 is stored in the image board 18 of the arithmetic unit 17. This image information is binarized by the binarization circuit 19 according to the luminance level.
[0013]
The binarized flock group image information is input to the average area calculation circuit 20, and the binarized data is averaged four times (1-2 minutes data) to obtain the average value of the flock group area. The average area per floc is defined as the average analysis area on one screen. The reason for the number of times of measurement is that there is an overlap between flocs in a single measurement and there is a measurement error. The more the number of measurements, the more accurate it is. However, for the purpose of fast operation, about 4 times is appropriate. The processing result of the average area calculation circuit 13 is sent from the calculation device 17 to the signal converter 21, converts the digital signal into an analog signal, and transmits it to the sequencer proportional control 22. In the sequencer proportional control 22, flocs in the stock solution extracted in advance from the coagulation mixing tank 5 are photographed, and the average area of the suspended flocs is calculated and input to the sequencer proportional control 22 as a reference area. And the proportional value of the injection rate of the flocculant with respect to the fluctuation | variation of the amount of suspended solids in a stock solution and the fluctuation | variation of a density | concentration is preset.
[0014]
3 (a), 3 (b), and 3 (c) are floc images of the suspended matter taken with the television camera 15, and the image in FIG. 3 (a) is a small floc, and the addition rate of the flocculant Or the rotational speed of the stirrer must be slowed down to obtain the optimum floc of FIG. It is also conceivable to reduce the rotational speed of the stirrer while increasing the addition rate of the flocculant. The image in FIG. 3C is an excessive floc, and it is necessary to reduce the addition rate of the flocculant or to increase the rotation speed of the stirrer to obtain the optimum floc in FIG. In this case, it is also conceivable to increase the rotational speed of the stirrer while reducing the addition rate of the flocculant.
[0015]
[Table 1]
[0016]
Table 1 shows the analysis data of the standard area of floc input to the sequencer proportional control. The preset flocculant addition rate (%) with respect to the stock solution inflow amount (m 3 ) of the coagulation mixing tank 5 is 10 ml 3 of stock solution inflow rate. The flocculant addition rate was set to three levels of 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%. Based on this data, suspended substances in the stock solution were agglomerated, flocs were photographed, and the flocs of agglomerated sludge were averaged over 20 points in descending order. The area data of the flock image is as shown in Table 1. The injection rate of the flocculant with respect to the sludge inflow rate is set in advance, and the average area per floc in the stock solution is input to the sequencer proportional control 22 as the floc reference area.
[0017]
In the sequencer proportional control 22, a proportional set value for increasing / decreasing the flocculant injection rate is input in advance, and when the average analysis area per floc is larger than the reference area, the flocculant addition rate is determined from the current set value. When the average analysis area is smaller than the reference area by 0.1%, the flocculant addition rate is increased by 0.1% from the current set value. The sequencer proportional control 22 compares the average analysis area per floc transmitted from the arithmetic unit 17 with the set reference area and controls the injection rate of the flocculant from the flocculant injection pump 17. An upper limit value and a lower limit value of the flocculant injection rate are set, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the upper limit value and the lower limit value are set to 0.3 to 1.0%, preferably 0.5 to 0.7%. When the rotational speed of the coagulant injection pump 17 reaches the upper limit value or the lower limit value, the abnormal signal device 23 provided in the sequencer proportional control 22 outputs an abnormal signal. Factors other than the quality of the mud in the stock solution or factors such as mixing of completely different fluids may have affected and may not be adjustable, and the engineer will investigate the cause. The abnormal signal may be used as an alarm.
[0018]
And the stirrer 11 installed in the coagulation mixing tank 5 is made to stir at predetermined rotation speed, and is 40 rpm in the Example of this invention. The sequencer proportional control 22 is set with a specified value (3 to 5 rpm) for switching the rotation speed of the variable speed drive 10 of the stirrer 11 installed in the coagulation mixing tank 5 corresponding to the average analysis area of flocs. The sequencer proportional control 22 controls the injection rate of the flocculant from the flocculant injection pump 17 and compares the average analysis area with the reference area to control the rotation speed of the stirrer 11. In this embodiment, when the analysis area is larger than the reference area, the rotational speed of the stirrer 11 is increased from a specified value of 3 to 5 rpm. When the analysis area is smaller than the reference area, the rotational speed of the stirrer 11 is decelerated from a specified value of 3 to 5 rpm.
[0019]
An upper limit value and a lower limit value are set for the rotation speed of the stirrer 11, and when the rotation speed of the stirrer 11 rises to the upper limit value of the specified value or falls to the lower limit value, an abnormal signal device attached to the Kenser proportional control 22 23 emits an abnormal signal. The setting of the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the rotation speed of the stirrer 11 varies depending on the size of the agglomeration mixing tank 5, the stock solution flow rate, and the concentration, and may be set as appropriate. The sequencer proportional control 22 controls the injection rate from the coagulant injection pump 9 and the rotation speed of the stirrer 11 so that the average area of the floc becomes a specified value based on the calculated value of the average area of the floc of the arithmetic unit 17. . When the flocculant injection rate is changed, a time of several minutes until the floc particle size changes is taken into consideration. In the embodiment of the present invention, the image is picked up again by the television camera 15 after 2 to 3 minutes, but the waiting time varies depending on the capacity of the agglomeration mixing tank 5.
[0020]
The flocculant injection control device according to the present invention is configured as described above, and the flocculant injection control method by the control device will be described.
First, the control method by proportional control of the flocculant injection rate with respect to fluctuations in the amount of suspended solids in the stock solution is a proportional setting of the flocculant injection rate when the analysis area (average area) per floc is larger than the reference area Change the value, reduce the flocculant injection rate by 0.1%, wait 2 to 3 minutes and re-measure. If the analysis area is still larger than the reference area, the above operation is repeated. When the coagulant injection rate reaches 0.3% of the lower limit, an abnormal signal is issued while maintaining the current state. On the contrary, when the average analysis area per floc is smaller than the reference area, the flocculant injection rate is increased by 0.1% and the measurement is waited for 2 to 3 minutes. When the injection rate of the flocculant reaches 1.0% of the upper limit, an abnormal signal is issued while maintaining the current state. When an abnormal signal is displayed or there is an alarm, an engineer investigates the cause. When the average analysis area is within the range of the reference area (0.3 to 1.0%), the TV camera 15 is continuously photographed to monitor the flock state while maintaining the current flocculant injection rate.
[0021]
A fixed amount of undiluted solution is supplied to the dehydrator 12, and when the average analysis area of the floc becomes larger than the reference area, the flocculant supply amount is reduced by 0.1% from the current state, and the measurement is waited for 2 to 3 minutes. Even if the above operation is repeated and the injection rate of the flocculant reaches the lower limit of 0.3%, when the analysis area is still larger than the reference area, the above operation is repeated and the lower limit of the flocculant injection rate is 0.3%. If it reaches, an abnormal signal is issued while maintaining the current status. On the contrary, when the average analysis area is smaller than the reference area, the rotation speed of the coagulant injection pump 17 is increased, the coagulant injection rate is increased by 0.1%, and the measurement is waited for 2 to 3 minutes. The above operation is repeated, and if the average analysis area is still smaller than the reference area even when the injection rate of the flocculant reaches the upper limit of 1.0%, an abnormal signal is output while maintaining the injection rate of the flocculant. When an abnormal signal is displayed or there is an alarm, an engineer investigates the cause.
[0022]
Proportional control of the flocculant injection rate and the control method using a stirrer, if the average analysis area is larger than the reference area, reduce the flocculant injection ratio by 0.1% of the specified amount and wait for 2 to 3 minutes To do. When the analysis area is still larger than the reference area, the flocculant injection ratio is decreased by 0.1% while maintaining the rotation speed of the stirrer 11 at a predetermined rotation speed of 40 rpm. The above operation is repeated, and even if the injection rate of the flocculant reaches the lower limit value of 0.3%, if the analysis area is still larger than the reference area, the rotation speed of the stirrer 11 is increased by 3 to 5 rpm, which is a specified value. The weak large floc is increased by increasing the number of revolutions of the stirrer 11 and is agitated and mixed with the flocculant to strengthen the floc. When the rotation speed of the agitator 3 reaches the upper limit value, an abnormal signal is output. On the contrary, when the analysis area is smaller than the reference area, the injection rate of the flocculant is increased by 0.1% of the set value, and the measurement is waited again for 2 to 3 minutes. When the injection rate of the flocculant reaches the specified upper limit value of 1.0%, the rotation of the stirrer 11 is lowered by the specified value of 3 to 5 rpm. A lower limit value is set for the rotational speed of the agitator 11, and an abnormal signal is output if the floc is small even if the lower limit value is reached. When an abnormal signal is displayed or there is an alarm, an engineer investigates the cause.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the flocculant injection control method and the control apparatus according to the present invention image the floc of the stock solution supply pipe for supplying a fixed amount of stock solution to the dehydrator, and manipulate the flocculant addition rate to perform an average analysis of the floc. The area can be managed between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the allowable range of the reference area . Then, an abnormal signal device is added to the sequencer proportional control, and it is possible to detect a state where adjustment is not possible due to an abnormal signal transmitted at the upper limit value and lower limit value of the coagulant injection rate. The agent injection control device can be automated. In addition, if an agitator that controls the rotation speed is added to the coagulation mixing tank,
Even if it is large, the flocs with weak binding strength are strengthened, and the flocs that are too small are enlarged to reduce the weight of the polymer and strengthen the stirring. The undiluted solution in the undiluted solution supply pipe has a moderately low flow rate and less overlap between flocs, enabling accurate imaging, and measurement error can be eliminated and the analysis area can be measured in a stable floc state.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of devices used in a flocculant injection control device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an image analysis control flow of the flocculant injection control device according to the present invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are images of suspended flocs taken with a television camera, in which FIG. 3A shows a small floc, FIG. 3B shows an optimal floc, and FIG. 3C shows an excessive floc.
[Explanation of symbols]
5 Coagulation Mixing Tank 6 Inspection Window 9 Coagulant Injection Pump 11 Stirrer 12 Screw Press 13 Stock Solution Supply Pipe 14 Inspection Window 15 Television Camera 17 Computing Device 22 Sequencer Proportional Control 23 Abnormal Signal Device
Claims (4)
脱水機に定量の原液を供給する原液供給管中のフロックの大きさを撮影し、輝度信号を電気信号に変換させ、電気信号からフロックの大きさを２値化させ、数回分のフロックの２値画像から計算した平均面積とあらかじめ設定したフロックの基準面積と比較して、平均解析面積が基準面積より大きければ、凝集剤注入率を減少させ、平均解析面積が基準面積より小さければ、凝集剤注入率を増加させると共に、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲内に達した時には凝集剤注入率を維持し、凝集剤注入率が設定した上限値又は下限値に達しても、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲外の時には、凝集剤注入率を維持しながら異常信号を発信することを特徴とする凝集剤注入制御方法。It is applied to the lower part of the closed-shaped mixing flocculation tank by adding a coagulant in the stock solution (5) to form a floc of suspended solids, a certain stock amount from the top of the stock solution mixing flocculation tank (5) In the sludge treatment equipment that is press-fitted to the dehydrator (12),
Take a picture of the size of the floc in the stock solution supply pipe that supplies a fixed amount of stock solution to the dehydrator, convert the luminance signal into an electrical signal, binarize the size of the floc from the electrical signal, Compared with the average area calculated from the value image and the standard area of floc set in advance , if the average analysis area is larger than the reference area, the flocculant injection rate is decreased, and if the average analysis area is smaller than the reference area, the flocculant While increasing the injection rate, the coagulant injection rate is maintained when the average analysis area reaches the allowable range of the reference area, and even if the coagulant injection rate reaches the set upper limit or lower limit, the average analysis area is A flocculant injection control method characterized by transmitting an abnormal signal while maintaining the flocculant injection rate when outside the allowable range of the reference area .
フロックの平均解析面積が基準面積より小さければ、凝集剤注入率を増加し、同時に懸濁物質の撹拌数を減少させると共に、
平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲内に達した時には凝集剤注入率と撹拌数を維持し、
凝集剤注入率又は懸濁物質の撹拌数が設定した上限値又は下限値に達しても、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲外の時には、凝集剤注入率と懸濁物質の撹拌数を維持しながら異常信号を発信することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の凝集剤注入制御方法。 If the average analysis area per floc is larger than the reference area compared with the stirrer (11) for controlling the number of rotations in the agglomeration mixing tank (5), the flocculant injection rate is reduced and at the same time the agglomeration mixing Increase the number of stirring of suspended matter in the tank (5),
If the average analysis area of the floc is smaller than the reference area, the flocculant injection rate is increased, and at the same time the number of stirring of the suspended substance is decreased,
When the average analysis area reaches the allowable range of the standard area, maintain the flocculant injection rate and the number of stirrings,
Even if the flocculant injection rate or the suspension stirring number reaches the set upper limit or lower limit, if the average analysis area is outside the allowable range of the reference area, the flocculant injection rate and the suspension stirring number are maintained. 2. The flocculant injection control method according to claim 1, wherein an abnormal signal is transmitted while the coagulant is injected.
脱水機（１２）に定量の原液を供給する原液供給管（１３）に設けた検視窓（１４）に、懸濁物質のフロックの大きさを撮影するテレビカメラ（１５）を配設し、フロック画像を２値化してフロック１個当たりの平均解析面積を積算する演算装置（１７）と、フロックの形成状況に基づき指令信号を発信するシーケンサー比例制御（２２）と、指令信号に基づき回転数を制御する凝集剤注入ポンプ（９）と、シーケンサー比例制御（２２）に異常信号装置（２３）を併設すると共に、フロックの平均解析面積とあらかじめ設定した基準面積を比較して、平均解析面積が基準面積より大きければ、凝集剤注入ポンプ（９）の回転数を減少させ、平均解析面積が基準面積より小さければ、凝集剤注入ポンプ（９）の回転数を増加させ、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲内に達した時には凝集剤注入ポンプ（９）の回転数を維持し、凝集剤注入ポンプ（９）の回転数が設定した上限値又は下限値に達しても、平均解析面積が基準面積の許容範囲外の時には、凝集剤注入ポンプ（９）の回転数を維持しながら異常信号装置（２３）を作動させることを特徴とする凝集剤注入制御装置。 A flocculant is added to the stock solution and supplied to the lower part of the closed flocculent mixing tank (5) to form a floc of suspended material, and the stock solution is dehydrated from the upper part of the flocculent mixing tank (5). In sludge treatment equipment that press-fits a certain amount of stock solution into
A TV camera (15) for photographing the size of the flocs of the suspended substance is disposed in the inspection window (14) provided in the stock solution supply pipe (13) for supplying a fixed amount of stock solution to the dehydrator (12). An arithmetic unit (17) that binarizes the image and accumulates the average analysis area per floc, a sequencer proportional control (22) that transmits a command signal based on the flock formation status, and a rotation speed based on the command signal The flocculant injection pump (9) to be controlled and the sequencer proportional control (22) are provided with an abnormal signal device (23), and the average analysis area of the floc is compared with the reference area set in advance, so that the average analysis area is the reference If larger than the area, the rotational speed of the coagulant injection pump (9) is decreased, and if the average analysis area is smaller than the reference area, the rotational speed of the coagulant injection pump (9) is increased and the average analysis surface is increased. Is maintained within the allowable range of the reference area, the rotation speed of the coagulant injection pump (9) is maintained, and even if the rotation speed of the coagulant injection pump (9) reaches the set upper limit value or lower limit value, the average analysis When the area is outside the allowable range of the reference area, the flocculant injection control device operates the abnormal signal device (23) while maintaining the rotation speed of the flocculant injection pump (9) .
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