JP4171740B2 - 摩擦ディスク - Google Patents
摩擦ディスク Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4171740B2 JP4171740B2 JP2005312778A JP2005312778A JP4171740B2 JP 4171740 B2 JP4171740 B2 JP 4171740B2 JP 2005312778 A JP2005312778 A JP 2005312778A JP 2005312778 A JP2005312778 A JP 2005312778A JP 4171740 B2 JP4171740 B2 JP 4171740B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- porous structure
- porous
- densified
- boundary portion
- friction disk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Description
を参照のこと。
反応炉の容積447は加熱炉の容積446の内部に含有される。加熱炉への供給ライン408は反応器容積447と流体連通の関係にある。減圧装置448は排気筒450を介して加熱炉の容積446と反応器容積447と流体連通の関係にある。減圧装置448は加熱炉の容積446中の圧力を減圧(大気圧以下まで下げ)、適切なフィルターおよび消費された反応剤ガスからの望ましくない副生成物を除去するスクラバーを有する減圧ポンプまたは蒸気減圧システムのような如何なる適切な装置からなっていてもよい。加熱炉への供給ライン408からの反応剤ガスは対応する予熱装置458に導入される。第1予熱装置458は反応器容積447の内部に配置され、導入口460と排気口461を有する。第1予熱装置458は、対応する加熱炉への供給ライン408から導入口460へと導入される実質的にすべてのガスが加熱され、且つそのガスが加熱炉の内部に配置されている少なくとも一つの多孔質構造物を浸透する対応する排気口461を通じて予熱装置から排気されるように封止されている。用語「実質的にすべてのガス」とは少量の漏れは考慮されることを意図されている。第1予熱装置458は、対応する加熱炉への供給ライン408からの反応剤ガスの温度よりも高い予熱装置の温度まで加熱される。多孔質構造物も加熱される。この実施例において、多孔質構造物は反応器容積447の内部に配置されている第1多孔質壁452からなっている。第1多孔質壁452は好ましくは環状であり、第1多孔質壁452の上方の開口端を封止する第1天板454からなり、それによって第1の囲まれた空洞456が規定される。第1多孔質壁452のもう一方の端は第1予熱装置458に対して封止され、第1予熱装置の排気口461は第1の囲まれた空洞456と流体連通の関係にある。
第2温度センサー492は第2予熱装置の排気口481に近接して備えられる。
もし反応剤ガスの第1流が第1多孔質壁452よりも高い温度であったならば、この逆も適応される。第1多孔質壁温度センサー498は、望ましい第1多孔質壁温度を得るために必要であるような第1ガスの流量の自動または手動での制御を可能とする第1多孔質壁温度センサーライン502を介して制御装置414と伝達する。第2多孔質壁温度は第2多孔質壁温度センサー500によって同様に検知されてもよい。第2多孔質壁温度センサー500は、第2ガスの流量を増加または減少させることによって望ましい第2多孔質壁温度を得るために必要であるような第2ガスの流量の自動または手動での制御を可能とする第1多孔質壁温度センサーライン504を介して制御装置414と伝達する。第3および付加的多孔質壁の温度は同様な手段で検知および制御される。加熱炉供給ライン408からの個々のガスの流動は反応ガス供給装置402によってCVI/CVD析出法に影響するために独立して制御される。多孔質壁温度センサーはまた、温度センサー506によって示されるように、多孔質壁に直接挿入されてもよい。もし多孔質壁が多孔質構造物の積み重ねから形成されるのであれば、熱電対が隣接する一対の環状多孔質構造物の間に配置される。多孔質壁の温度はまた、隣接する一対の多孔質壁452と472の間に配置される光学標的544上の窓546を通じて集束される光学的ピロメーター548によって検知されてもよい。
ID環状スペーサー284は、好ましくは多孔質構造物内径610よりも僅かに大きい外径286および多孔質構造物内径610と一般に同一である内径288を有している。
圧力勾配CVI/CVD固定具中で隣接する多孔質構造物の対の間の付加物支持ブロックは、熱処理法中たわみを防止するため必要である。
慣用のCVI/CVD法のためのベースラインが次のようにして確立された。
約1.5インチ厚の繊維質テキスタイル構造物が一軸のポリアクリロニトリル繊維の320Kトウから出発して、米国特許第4,790,052号の図1〜4に従って製造された。次いで、外径約7.5インチ、内径約2.5インチを持つ環状多孔質構造物が、このテキスタイル構造物から切り取られた。
この環状多孔質構造物は、繊維を炭素に変換するため次いで熱分解された。嵩密度0.49g/ccを持つ熱分解された多孔質構造物が次いで図14の炉11に類似する炉内に置かれた。
この方法の最後において、緻密化された多孔質構造物内に析出した炭素マトリックスは、多孔質構造物の表面に円滑な積層ミクロ構造の最小限の析出しか伴わず、ほとんど全て粗い積層ミクロ構造からなっていた。
1.6インチ厚、外径6.2インチおよび内径1.4インチを持つ環状多孔質構造物が繊維質テキスタイル構造物から切り取られ、そして慣用のCVI/CVD法によって実施例1に従って加工された。この実施例の試験条件とデータは表2に示されている。
繊維質テキスタイル構造物から製造され、そして実施例1に記載したと同じ大きさを持つ2つの環状多孔質構造物(ディスクAとB)が、図1の炉10に類似する炉、ID/ODスペーサーを持つ図2の固定具2に類似する固定具および実施例1の反応剤ガス混合物を用いて、圧力勾配CVI/CVD法によって緻密化された。この実施例の試験条件およびデータは表3示されている。
炉圧は10トルであった。ガス流の温度は、図1の温度センサー74のような温度センサーによって測定したとき1740°Fであると予測された。ガスは4000sccmの流速で、図2に関して前述したように、多孔質構造物を通して流された。
ディスクA内に析出された炭素マトリックスは、全て粗い積層ミクロ構造からなっていた。ディスクBのミクロ構造は、評価されなかった。ディスクAは、小さなサンプルに切断され、そしてこれらのサンプルの嵩密度値がアルキメデス法を用いて決定され、そして図8に類似する密度プロファイルが得られた。
3つの環状多孔質構造物(ディスクA、BおよびC)が製造され、そして多孔質構造物が一層均一な最終密度分布を得るために、この方法中軽く払われて一部が除かれたこと以外、実施例3に従って圧力勾配CVI/CVD法によって独立に緻密化された。ガス流の温度は図1の温度センサー74のような温度センサーによって測定したとき約1740°Fであった。この実施例の試験条件およびデータは表4に示されている。ディスクAとC内に析出された炭素マトリックスは、軽く払う前は全て粗い積層であり、そして軽く払った後は本質的に円滑な積層であった。ディスクBのミクロ構造は決定されなかった。最終的な緻密化多孔質構造体は図9に類似の密度プロファイルを有していた。
繊維質テキスタイル構造物から製造され、そして実施例1に記載したと同じ大きさを持つ2つの多孔質構造物が、全て“ID”スペーサーを持つ図4の固定具6に類似する固定具と実施例1の反応剤ガス混合物を用いて、圧力勾配CVI/CVD法によって、同時に緻密化された。ガス流の温度は図1の温度センサー74の如き温度センサーによって測定したとき1745℃と予測された。この実施例の試験条件とデータは表5に示されている。表5の密度増加は2つのディスクの平均値である。この方法の最後における、緻密化された多孔質構造物内に析出した炭素マトリックスは全て粗い積層ミクロ構造からなっていた。ディスクの計算されたトマグラフィー走査は、図10に類似する密度プロファイルを示した。
繊維質テキスタイル構造物から製造され、そして実施例1に記載したと同じ大きさを持つ4つの環状多孔質構造物が、全て“OD”スペーサーを持つ図5の固定具8と同様の固定具および実施例1の反応剤ガス混合物を用いて、圧力勾配CVI/CVD法によって緻密化された。2つのディスクが同時に緻密化され(ディスク対AとB)、そして反応剤ガス流速がディスク当りの流速を4000sccmに維持するために2倍にされた。ガス流の温度は図1の温度センサー74の如き温度センサーによって測定したとき約1750°Fであった。この実施例の試験条件とデータは表6に示されている。表6の密度増加は各ディスク対の平均値である。この方法の最後における、緻密化された多孔質構造体内に析出された炭素マトリックスは、全て粗い積層ミクロ構造からなっていた。ディスク対Bの計算されたトマグラフィー走査は図11に類似する密度プロファイルを示した。
環状多孔質構造体が繊維質テキスタイル構造物から製造され、実施例2に記載されたと同じ大きさを有し、そして逆流法で、全て“ID”シールを持つ図7の固定具7に類似する固定具および実施例1の反応剤ガス混合物を用いて、圧力勾配CVI/CVD法によって緻密化された。ガス流の温度は図1の温度センサー74の如き温度センサーによって測定したとき1730℃と予測された。反応剤ガスは図7に関して、前に記載したとおりの多孔質構造を通して3000sccmの流速で(ディスクが実施例3〜6で用いられたディスクよりも小さかったので、流速は低かった)流された。この実施例の試験条件およびデータは表7に示されている。
この方法の最後において、緻密化された多孔質構造内に析出された炭素マトリックスはほとんど円滑な積層ミクロ構造からなっていた。
このように、本発明の範囲内に残りながら幾分かの漏れは起こり得る。
さて、図25を参照すると、緻密化速度対標準化流れを表す曲線が示されている。標準化流れは、F*として示されており、そしてディスクの単位体積当りの流量を表している(例えばディスク体積1000cc当り4000sccm=4min−1)。付加的試験は、反応剤ガスの流速が1つの試験から次の試験へ変化されたことを除き、実施例6および7に従った試験であった。流れを変えて実施例6に従って行われた試験のデータが表8に示されており、そして流速を変えて実施例7に従って行われた試験のデータは表9に示されている。曲線526は慣用CVI/CVDを表している。表8のデータは全て“OD”スペーサー(図5)を用いた圧力勾配CVI/CVDを表す曲線528として表されている。表9のデータは全て“ID”スペーサー(図7)を用いた逆流圧力勾配CVI/CVDを表す曲線530として表されている。
請求範囲によって規定される本発明の範囲を逸脱することなしに、多くの変形が可能であることは明らかである。
Claims (17)
- 環状多孔質構造内に堆積された第1炭素マトリックスと、該環状多孔質構造内に該第1炭素マトリックスに上掛けして堆積された第2炭素マトリックスとを持つ緻密化された環状多孔質構造からなる摩擦ディスクであって、該緻密化された環状多孔質構造は、内部円周面および該内部円周面から間隔を置いて離れ且つ該内部円周面を取り巻いている外部円周面と境界を接している2つの平行な平坦面、該内部円周面に隣接する第1境界部分および該外部円周面に隣接する第2境界部分を有し、ここで該第1および第2境界部分は該2つの平行な平坦面と境界を接しており、該第2境界部分は該第1境界部分に比較して単位体積当り該第1炭素マトリックスを少なくとも10%少なく含有し、該第1炭素マトリックスと該第2炭素マトリックスは粗い積層ミクロ構造を有し、そして該第1炭素マトリックスは該第2炭素マトリックスよりも黒鉛化が進んでいる、ことを特徴とする摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1炭素マトリックスと該第2炭素マトリックスの、少なくとも90%は、粗い積層ミクロ構造からなる、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1境界部分は、該2つの平行な平坦面に垂直な方向に、該第2境界部分よりも大きい熱伝導性を持つ、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1境界部分は、該内部および外部円周面に垂直な方向に、該第2境界部分よりも大きい熱伝導性を持つ、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1境界部分からの破砕試料は該第2境界部分からの破砕試料よりも大きい見掛密度を持つ、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1境界部分からの破砕試料は該第2境界部分からの破砕試料よりも0.2%大きい見掛密度を持つ、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1炭素マトリックスは該第2炭素マトリックスよりも大きい熱伝導性を持つ、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1炭素マトリックスは該第2炭素マトリックスよりも大きい見掛け密度を持つ、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該環状多孔質構造は炭素繊維からなる、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該緻密化された環状多孔質構造は環状の繊維質構造からなる、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該緻密化された環状多孔質構造は炭素繊維を持つ環状の繊維質構造からなる、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1境界部分は、該2つの平行な平坦面に垂直な方向に、該第2境界部分よりも大きい熱伝導性を持つ、請求項11の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1境界部分は、該内部および外部円周面に垂直な方向に、該第2境界部分よりも大きい熱伝導性を持つ、請求項11の摩擦ディスク。
- 該第1境界部分からの破砕試料は該第2境界部分からの破砕試料よりも大きい見掛密度を持つ、請求項11の摩擦ディスク。
- 該緻密化された環状多孔質構造は、炭素繊維のみを持つ環状の繊維質構造からなる、請求項1の摩擦ディスク。
- 該2つの平行な平坦面に垂直方向の熱伝導性および該緻密化された環状多孔質構造の破砕試料の見掛密度は、該内部円周面から該外部円周面へ半径方向に減少している、請求項1〜15のいずれかによる摩擦ディスク。
- 該緻密化された環状多孔質構造は、炭素繊維からなる、請求項16の摩擦ディスク。
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FR2733254B1 (fr) * | 1995-04-18 | 1997-07-18 | Europ Propulsion | Procede d'infiltration chimique en phase vapeur pour la densification de substrats poreux disposes en piles annulaires |
US5908792A (en) | 1995-10-04 | 1999-06-01 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Brake disk having a functional gradient Z-fiber distribution |
US6062851A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-16 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Combination CVI/CVD and heat treat susceptor lid |
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EP0832863A2 (en) | 1998-04-01 |
ATE215518T1 (de) | 2002-04-15 |
CA2205087A1 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
DE69505694D1 (de) | 1998-12-03 |
EP0832863A3 (en) | 1998-04-29 |
ATE172753T1 (de) | 1998-11-15 |
US6057022A (en) | 2000-05-02 |
KR970707316A (ko) | 1997-12-01 |
US20010019752A1 (en) | 2001-09-06 |
EP0792384A1 (en) | 1997-09-03 |
DK0792384T3 (da) | 1999-07-05 |
DE69526259D1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
EP0832863B1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
US6780462B2 (en) | 2004-08-24 |
AU4240196A (en) | 1996-06-06 |
DE69526259T2 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
JP2006118716A (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
KR100389502B1 (ko) | 2003-10-22 |
US5853485A (en) | 1998-12-29 |
ES2125058T3 (es) | 1999-02-16 |
JPH10508906A (ja) | 1998-09-02 |
DE69505694T2 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
WO1996015285A1 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
EP0792384B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
JP3754450B2 (ja) | 2006-03-15 |
CN1171137A (zh) | 1998-01-21 |
US5900297A (en) | 1999-05-04 |
JP2007146298A (ja) | 2007-06-14 |
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