JP4066132B2 - Lubricant and lubricating composition - Google Patents
Lubricant and lubricating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4066132B2 JP4066132B2 JP2001316588A JP2001316588A JP4066132B2 JP 4066132 B2 JP4066132 B2 JP 4066132B2 JP 2001316588 A JP2001316588 A JP 2001316588A JP 2001316588 A JP2001316588 A JP 2001316588A JP 4066132 B2 JP4066132 B2 JP 4066132B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mono
- acid
- oil
- molybdenum
- polysulfide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- -1 molybdenum amine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 183
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical group O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 76
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 76
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 76
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 41
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 25
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 9
- LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylamine Chemical group CCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCC LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono-methylamine Natural products NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- PZFYOFFTIYJCEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tridecyltridecan-1-amine Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCC PZFYOFFTIYJCEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-butylamine Natural products CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005425 toluyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N trans,trans-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 JFLKFZNIIQFQBS-FNCQTZNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKELPEGGKIQKND-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(nonoxy)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOP(=S)(OCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCC YKELPEGGKIQKND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPEZWDDRWXDXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCOP(=S)(OCCCC)OCCCC PPEZWDDRWXDXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GAJQCIFYLSXSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L tridecyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])([O-])=O GAJQCIFYLSXSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- ILLOBGFGKYTZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(OCC(CC)CCCC)OCC(CC)CCCC ILLOBGFGKYTZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTAXICGCDMYKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CP(CC(CC)CCCC)CC(CC)CCCC UTAXICGCDMYKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGJRRNVABRDBGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethylhexylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CSP(SCC(CC)CCCC)SCC(CC)CCCC ZGJRRNVABRDBGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLAPGAOQRZTCBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(butylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCSP(SCCCC)SCCCC KLAPGAOQRZTCBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZNDMMGBXUYFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(dodecylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSP(SCCCCCCCCCCCC)SCCCCCCCCCCCC JZNDMMGBXUYFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAMGUKCWPLBUPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(nonylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSP(SCCCCCCCCC)SCCCCCCCCC BAMGUKCWPLBUPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRQLRZQLPODMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(phenylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SP(SC=1C=CC=CC=1)SC1=CC=CC=C1 MRQLRZQLPODMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVETUDAIEHYIKZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N tris[(z)-octadec-9-enyl] phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC SVETUDAIEHYIKZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、潤滑剤及び潤滑性組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、自動車を取り巻く状況は、燃費規制、排ガス規制等厳しくなる一方である。この背景には地球温暖化、大気汚染、酸性雨等の環境問題と、有限である石油エネルギーの枯渇に対する懸念からの資源保護がある。これらの対策としては、現在のところ燃費の向上が最も有効である。
【0003】
自動車の省燃費化を進める上で、自動車本体の軽量化、エンジンの改良等、自動車自体の改良と共にエンジンでの摩擦ロスを防ぐためのエンジン油の低粘度化、良好な摩擦調整剤の添加等、エンジン油の改善も重要な要素となっている。エンジン油はピストン・ライナ間での潤滑剤として作用するが、この部分では流体潤滑が多いため、エンジン油を低粘度化することにより摩擦ロスを低減することができることから、近年ではエンジン油の低粘度化が進んでいる。又、エンジン油は動弁系、ベアリング等の潤滑においても重要な役割を果たしているが、この部分では混合潤滑、境界潤滑が多いため、エンジン油の低粘度化は摩耗の増大を引き起こす原因になっている。そこで、エンジン油の低粘度化に伴う摩擦損失の低減や摩耗防止の目的で摩擦調整剤、極圧剤等が添加されている。
【0004】
有機モリブデン化合物は優れた摩擦低減作用を有しているため、種々の潤滑油に添加されている。有機モリブデン化合物の中でも、6価のモリブデン原子を含有する化合物とアミンを反応させて得られるモリブデンアミン化合物は、分子内にリン原子や硫黄原子を含まないため、リン原子による自動車排気浄化触媒の被毒の問題や、硫黄原子やリン原子による金属の腐食の問題がないという利点があり、潤滑性も良好である。このようなモリブデンアミン化合物の製造方法は、特開平13−164281号公報、特開平9−59662号公報、特開昭61−285293号公報等に記載されている。また、従来知られていたモリブデンアミン化合物は、モリブデン1原子に対して1〜4モルのアミンを反応させたものであった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来知られていたモリブデンアミン化合物は、シール材適合性が不充分であり、エンジンオイル等に配合した場合には、オイルシールを劣化させてオイルの漏れを引き起こす場合があった。
【0006】
従って、本発明の目的は、潤滑性、溶解性及びシール材適合性に優れたモリブデンアミン化合物からなる潤滑剤及びそれを用いた潤滑性組成物を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、優れた摩擦低減作用を有し、シール材適合性に優れた潤滑剤について、鋭意検討し、6価のモリブデン原子を含有する化合物とアミンとを、特定の割合で反応させて得られるモリブデンアミン化合物が、優れた摩擦低減作用を有し、シール材適合性にも優れていることを見出し本発明に至った。
【0008】
即ち、本発明は、6価のモリブデン原子を含有する化合物と、下記一般式(1)
【化3】
(式中、R1は、炭化水素基を表わし、X及びYは、水素原子又は炭化水素基を表わす。)
で表わされるアミンとを、モリブデン1原子に対してアミンのモル数が0.2〜0.8となるように反応させて得られるモリブデンアミン化合物からなる潤滑剤に係るものである。
【0009】
更に、本発明は、潤滑性基材に、上記潤滑剤を含有する潤滑性組成物に係るものである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の潤滑剤は、6価のモリブデン原子を含有する化合物と一般式(1)で表わされるアミンとを、モリブデン1原子に対するアミンのモル数(以下、モリブデンとアミンの反応比という)が0.2〜0.8となるように反応させて得られるモリブデンアミン化合物からなる潤滑剤である。
【0011】
本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物に用いられる6価のモリブデン原子を含有する化合物としては、例えば、三酸化モリブデン又はその水和物(MoO3・nH2O)、モリブデン酸(H2MoO4)、モリブデン酸アルカリ金属塩(M2MoO4)、モリブデン酸アンモニウム[(NH4)2MoO4又は(NH4)6(Mo7O24)・4H2O]、MoOCl4、MoO2Cl2、MoO2Br2、Mo2O3Cl6等が挙げられるが、工業的に入手しやすい三酸化モリブデン又はその水和物、モリブデン酸、モリブデン酸アルカリ金属塩、モリブデン酸アンモニウム等が好ましい。なかでも、三酸化モリブデン又はその水和物、及びモリブデン酸は、アミンと反応させた場合に、副生塩等の副生成物が発生せず、特別な精製が不要であることから、さらに好ましい。
【0012】
又、一般式(1)において、R1は、炭化水素基を表わす。炭化水素基としては、例えば、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基等が挙げられる。
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、2級ブチル、ターシャリブチル、ペンチル、イソペンチル、2級ペンチル、ネオペンチル、ターシャリペンチル、ヘキシル、2級ヘキシル、ヘプチル、2級ヘプチル、イソヘプチル、オクチル、2−エチルヘキシル、2級オクチル、イソオクチル、ノニル、2級ノニル、イソノニル、デシル、イソデシル、2級デシル、ウンデシル、2級ウンデシル、イソウンデシル、ドデシル、2級ドデシル、トリデシル、イソトリデシル、2級トリデシル、テトラデシル、2級テトラデシル、ヘシサデシル、2級ヘキサデシル、ステアリル、イソステアリル、イコシル、ドコシル、テトラコシル、ヘキサコシル、オクタコシル、トリアコンチル、2−ブチルオクチル、2−ブチルデシル、2−ヘキシルオクチル、2−ヘキシルデシル、2−オクチルデシル、2−ヘキシルドデシル、2−オクチルドデシル、2−デシルテトラデシル、2−ドデシルヘキサデシル、2−ヘキサデシルオクタデシル、2−テトラデシルオクタデシル、モノメチル分枝−イソステアリル、牛脂由来アルキル、大豆油由来アルキル、ヤシ油由来アルキル等が挙げられる。
アルケニル基としては例えば、ビニル、アリル、プロペニル、イソプロペニル、ブテニル、イソブテニル、ペンテニル、イソペンテニル、ヘキセニル、ヘプテニル、オクテニル、ノネニル、デセニル、ウンデセニル、ドデセニル、テトラデセニル、オレイル等が挙げられる。
アリール基としては例えば、フェニル、トルイル、キシリル、クメニル、メシチル、ベンジル、フェネチル、スチリル、シンナミル、ベンズヒドリル、トリチル、エチルフェニル、プロピルフェニル、ブチルフェニル、ペンチルフェニル、ヘキシルフェニル、ヘプチルフェニル、オクチルフェニル、ノニルフェニル、デシルフェニル、ウンデシルフェニル、ドデシルフェニル、スチレン化フェニル、p−クミルフェニル、フェニルフェニル、ベンジルフェニル、α−ナフチル、β−ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
シクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基としては例えば、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、メチルシクロペンチル、メチルシクロヘキシル、メチルシクロヘプチル、シクロペンテニル、シクロヘキセニル、シクロヘプテニル、メチルシクロペンテニル、メチルシクロヘキセニル、メチルシクロヘプテニル基等が挙げられる。
【0013】
こうした炭化水素基のなかでも、炭素数6〜24のアルキル基又はアルケニル基の場合に潤滑性が良好となることから好ましく、炭素数7〜18のアルキル基又はアルケニル基がさらに好ましく、炭素数8〜13のアルキル基が最も好ましい。
【0014】
一般式(1)において、X及びYは、水素原子又は炭化水素基を表わす。X又はYが、炭化水素基である場合の炭化水素基としては、R1で挙げた炭化水素基を挙げることができる。
【0016】
X及びYは、同一でもよいし異なっていてもよい。また、X及び/又はYが炭化水素基である場合、R1、X及びYのうち、2つ又は3つが同一でもよいし、それぞれ異なっていてもよい。X及びYとしては、どちらか一方が水素原子であり、他の一方が炭化水素基であることが好ましい。この場合に、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物が良好な収率で得られ、種々の潤滑性基油への溶解性も良好となるからである。
【0017】
一般式(1)で表されるアミンとして好ましいアミンとしては、N−ヘキシルメチルアミン、N−2級ヘキシルメチルアミン、N−シクロヘキシルメチルアミン、N−2級ヘプチルメチルアミン、N−ヘプチルメチルアミン、N−2−エチルヘキシルメチルアミン、N−2級オクチルメチルアミン、N−ノニルメチルアミン、N−2級ノニルメチルアミン、N−デシルメチルアミン、N−2級デシルメチルアミン、N−ウンデシルメチルアミン、N−2級ウンデシルメチルアミン、N−ドテシルメチルアミン、N−2級ドデシルメチルアミン、N−トリデシルメチルアミン、N−イソトリデシルメチルアミン、N−2級トリデシルメチルアミン、N−テトラデシルメチルアミン、N−ペンタデシルメチルアミン、N−ヘキサデシルメチルアミン、N−ステアリルメチルアミン、N−オレイルメチルアミン、N−ドコシルメチルアミン、N−牛脂由来アルキルメチルアミン、N−硬化牛脂由来アルキルメチルアミン、N−大豆油由来アルキルメチルアミン、ジブチルアミン、ジ2級ブチルアミン、ジターシャリブチルアミン、ジペンチルアミン、ジイソペンチルアミン、ジ2級ペンチルアミン、ジネオペンチルアミン、ジターシャリペンチルアミン、ジヘキシルアミン、ジ2級ヘキシルアミン、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、ジヘプチルアミン、ジ2級ヘプチルアミン、ジベンジルアミン、ジオクチルアミン、ビス(2−エチルヘキシル)アミン、ジ2級オクチルアミン、ジノニルアミン、ジ2級ノニルアミン、ジデシルアミン、ジ2級デシルアミン、ジウンデシルアミン、ジ2級ウンデシルアミン、ジドデシルアミン、ジ2級ドデシルアミン、ビス(トリデシル)アミン、ジイソトリデシルアミン、ジ2級トリデシルアミン、ジテトラデシルアミン、ジペンタデシルアミン、ジヘキサデシルアミン、ジステアリルアミン、ジオレイルアミン、ジドコシルアミン、ビス(2−ヘキサデシル)アミン、ビス(2−オクチルドデシル)アミン、ビス(2−デシルテトラデシル)アミン、ジ牛脂由来アルキルアミン、ジ硬化牛脂由来アルキルアミン、ジ大豆油由来アルキルアミン等の2級アミンが挙げられる。
【0018】
従来のモリブデンアミン化合物では、モリブデンとアミンの反応比が1.0〜4.0であったのに対し、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物は、モリブデンとアミンの反応比が0.2〜0.8であるところに特徴がある。一般に、金属化合物とアミンとの反応物においては、金属原子1原子に対して、アミンは1〜6分子が反応するが、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物においては、モリブデン1原子に対して、アミンは0.8モル以下であるにもかかわらず反応物が得られている。本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物の構造は未だ明らかではないが、6価の無機モリブデン化合物がアミンにより分散されたものではないことは、IR分析(赤外分光分析)等の、機器分析により確認することができる。すなわち、分散物であれば、原料として用いたモリブデン化合物に由来する、IRの吸収が検出されるはずであるが、例えば、三酸化モリブデンと一般式(1)で表わされるアミンとを反応させて得られた本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物のIRには、原料の三酸化モリブデンに由来する990cm−1付近の吸収が消失しており、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物の生成を確認できる。
【0019】
本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物において、モリブデンとアミンの反応比は、0.2〜0.8が好ましく、0.25〜0.7がさらに好ましく、0.3〜0.6が最も好ましい。反応比が0.2未満の場合は潤滑油への溶解性が不充分であり、低温においてモリブデンアミン化合物が、分離・析出する場合があり、反応比が0.8を超える場合は、シール材適合性が不充分となる。
【0020】
ここで、一般にシール材として使用できるゴムの材質としては、例えば、アクリルゴム、エチレンアクリルゴム、ブタジエンゴム、ニトリルブタジエンゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴム、アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴム、カルボキシ化アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴム、水素化ニトリルゴム、イソプレンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、ブチルゴム、エチレンプロピレンゴム及びターポリマー、エチレンプロピレンジエンゴム、エピクロロヒドリンゴム、シリコンゴム、メチルシリコーンゴム、フッ化メチルシリコーンゴム、フッ素ゴム、四フッ化エチレン・プロピレンゴム、四フッ化エチレン・プロピレン・フッ化ビニリデンゴム、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレンゴム、ノルボルネンゴム、多硫化ゴム、熱可塑性エストラマー、天然ゴム、ポリウレタンゴム等が挙げられる。これらのゴムの材質のなかで、エンジン等のオイルシールの材質として一般的に使用されるものとしては、アクリルゴム、シリコンゴム、フッ素ゴム、ニトリルゴムが挙げられ、グリースでは、前記4材質に加え、クロロプレンゴム、ポリウレタンゴム等が使用されている。従来のモリブデンアミン化合物は、これらのオイルシールに用いられるゴムの材質の中でも、特にアクリルゴム及びニトリルゴムを硬化劣化させたが、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物よりなる潤滑剤は、シアクリルゴム及びニトリルゴムを含め、オイルシールに用いられる多くのゴム材質に対して悪影響が少なく、シール材適合性に優れている。
【0021】
本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物の製造方法は、特に限定はされないが、三酸化モリブデン等の6価のモリブデン原子を含有する化合物を水に溶解または分散させてから、一般式(1)で表されるアミンを反応させた場合には、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物を収率良く得ることができることから好ましい。6価のモリブデン化合物とアミン化合物の反応は、室温から100℃の間で行われる。反応の時間は特に限定されないが、0.5〜3時間程度、通常1時間前後で行われる。
【0022】
なお、6価のモリブデン原子を含有する化合物としてモリブデン酸のアルカリ塩を使用した場合は、アミンと反応させた後に、モリブデン酸のアルカリ塩のアルカリに相当する量の鉱酸で中和し、生成した塩を水洗にて除去すると、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物の収率が上がることから好ましい。
【0023】
次に、本発明の潤滑性組成物について説明する。本発明の潤滑性組成物は、潤滑性基材に、本発明の上記潤滑剤を配合してなるものである。本発明の上記潤滑剤を潤滑性基材に添加する場合、添加量は特に制限されないが、添加量があまりに少ないと摩擦低減効果や摩耗防止効果が十分でなく、添加量があまりに多いとスラッジや腐蝕の原因になる傾向がある。なお、一般的にモリブデン系潤滑剤は、比較的添加量の少ない場合は耐摩耗効果、比較的添加量の多い場合は摩擦低減効果が顕著に表われるといわれている。従って、本発明の上記潤滑剤の添加量は、潤滑性基材が基油である場合は、基油に対して好ましくは0.01〜10質量%、より好ましくは0.05〜5質量%、更に好ましくは0.1〜2質量%である。潤滑性基材が基グリースである場合は、添加量は、基グリースに対して好ましくは0.1〜20質量%、より好ましくは0.5〜15質量%、更に好ましくは1〜10質量%である。
【0024】
ここで、本発明の潤滑性組成物に使用することができる潤滑性基材は、鉱油、合成油又はこれらの混合物からなる基油、又は、このような基油に増稠剤を配合した基グリースの他、水性潤滑油として使用する場合は基材として水を使用することもできる。
【0025】
本発明の潤滑性組成物を潤滑油として使用する場合、基油の動粘度は特に限定されないが、好ましくは100℃で1〜50mm2/秒、40℃で10〜1,000mm2/秒程度、粘度指数(VI)は好ましくは100以上、より好ましくは120以上、最も好ましくは135以上である。
【0026】
上記基油として使用可能な鉱油は、天然の原油から分離されるものであり、これを適当に蒸留、精製等を行って製造される。鉱油の主成分は炭化水素(多くはパラフィン類である)であり、その他1環ナフテン分、2環ナフテン分、芳香族分等を含有している。これらを水素化精製、溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出、溶剤脱ろう、水添脱ろう、接触脱ろう、水素化分解、アルカリ蒸留、硫酸洗浄、白土処理等の精製を行った基油も好ましく使用することができる。これらの精製手段は、適宜に組み合わせて行われ、同一処理を複数段に分けて繰り返し行っても有効である。
【0027】
例えば、(A)留出油を溶剤抽出処理するか、又は溶剤抽出処理した後に水素化処理し、次いで硫酸洗浄する方法、(B)留出油を水素化処理した後に脱ろう処理する方法、(C)留出油を溶剤抽出処理した後に水素化処理する方法、(D)留出油を溶剤抽出処理した後に白土処理する方法、(E)留出油を二段或いは三段以上の水素化処理を行う、又はその後にアルカリ蒸留又は硫酸洗浄処理する方法、(F)留出油を水素化処理するか、又は水素化処理した後に、アルカリ蒸留又は硫酸洗浄処理する方法、或いはこれらの処理油を混合する方法等が有効である。
【0028】
これらの処理を行うと、未精製鉱油中の芳香族成分、硫黄分、窒素分等を除去することが可能である。現在の技術では、これらの不純分は痕跡量以下に除去することが可能であるが、芳香族成分は潤滑油添加剤を溶解しやすくさせる効果があるため、3〜5質量%程度残存させる場合もある。例えば、現在使用されている高度精製鉱油中の硫黄分や窒素分は0.01質量%以下であり、場合によっては0.005質量%以下である。一方、芳香族成分は1質量%以下、場合によっては0.05質量%以下のものもあれば3質量%程度残存しているものもある。
【0029】
又、上記基油として使用可能な合成油とは、化学的に合成された潤滑油であって、例えば、ポリ−α−オレフィン、ポリイソブチレン(ポリブテン)、ジエステル、ポリオールエステル、芳香族多価カルボン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、ケイ酸エステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリフェニルエーテル、シリコーン、フッ素化化合物、アルキルベンゼン等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、ポリ−α−オレフィン、ポリイソブチレン(ポリブテン)、ジエステル、ポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール等は汎用的に使用することができ、内燃機関油や加工油等に好ましく使用することができる。
【0030】
ポリ−α−オレフィンとしては、例えば、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、1−ノネン、1−デセン、1−ドデセン、1−テトラデセン等をポリマー化又はオリゴマー化したもの或いはこれらを水素化したもの等が挙げられる。ジエステルとしては、例えば、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸等の2塩基酸と、2−エチルヘキサノール、オクタノール、デカノール、ドデカノール、トリデカノール等のアルコールのジエステル等が挙げられる。ポリオールエステルとしては、例えば、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、トリペンタエリスリトール、或いはこれらのアルキレンオキサイド付加物等のポリオールと、酪酸、イソ酪酸、吉草酸、イソ吉草酸、ピバル酸、カプリン酸、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸等の脂肪酸とのエステル等が挙げられる。ポリアルキレングリコールとしては、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレンオキサイド/プロピレンオキサイドのブロック又はランダム共重合体のモノ又はジメチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
【0031】
これらの合成油は、各々化学的に合成されるため、単一物質か同族体の混合物である。従って、例えば、ポリ−α−オレフィン、ポリイソブチレン(ポリブテン)、ジエステル、ポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール等の合成油は、不純物として鉱油に含まれるようなベンゼンや多環縮合型の芳香族成分、チオフェン等の硫黄分、インドール、カルバゾール等の窒素分等は含まれていない。
【0032】
又、基グリースは、上記の基油に増稠剤を配合してなる。増稠剤としては、例えば、石鹸系又はコンプレックス石鹸系増稠剤、有機非石鹸系増稠剤、無機非石鹸系増稠剤等が挙げられる。石鹸系増稠剤としては、例えば、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、ゾーマリン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、リシノレイン酸等の高級脂肪酸とアルミニウム、バリウム、カルシウム、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム等の塩基を反応させた石鹸や、上記脂肪酸と塩基に更に酢酸、安息香酸、セバシン酸、アゼライン酸、リン酸、ホウ酸等を反応させたコンプレックス石鹸増稠剤等が挙げられる。
【0033】
有機非石鹸系増稠剤としては、例えば、テレフタレメート系増稠剤、ウレア系増稠剤、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、フルオロ化エチレン−プロピレン共重合体等のフッ素系等が挙げられるが、ウレア系増稠剤が好ましい。
ウレア系増稠剤としては、例えば、モノイソシアネートとモノアミンを反応させたモノウレア系化合物、ジイソシアネートとモノアミンを反応させたジウレア系化合物、ジイソシアネートとモノアミンとモノオールを反応させたウレアウレタン系化合物、ジイソシアネートとジアミンとモノイソシアネートを反応させたテトラウレア系化合物等が挙げられる。
【0034】
モノイソシアネートとしては、例えば、メチルイソシアネート、エチルイソシアネート、ブチルイソシアネート、プロピルイソシアネート、ヘキシルイソシアネート、オクチルイソシアネート、ラウリルイソシアネート、オクタデシルイソシアネート、シクロヘキシルイソシアネートフェニルイソシアネート、トリレンイソシアネート等が挙げられる。ジイソシアネートとしては、例えば、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネート、2,6−トリレンジイソシアネート、キシリレンジイソシアネート、ジフェニルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート、2,2’−ジメチルジフェニルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート、ビフェニルジイソシアネート、3,3’−ジメチルビフェニルジイソシアネート等が挙げられる。
【0035】
モノアミンとしては、例えば、オクチルアミン、ノニルアミン、デシルアミン、ラウリルアミン、トリデシルアミン、ミリスチルアミン、パルミチルアミン、ステアリルアミン、オレイルアミン、フェニルアミン、トルイルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン等が挙げられる。ジアミンとしては、エチレンジアミン、プロピレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、オクタメチレンジアミン、フェニレンジアミン、ジアミノジフェニルメタン等が挙げられる。
【0036】
モノオールとしては、例えば、ブタノール、ヘキサノール、2−エチルヘキサノール、オクタノール、デカノール、ラウリルアルコール、トリデカノール、ミリスチルアルコール、パルミチルアルコール、ステアリルアルコール、オレイルアルコール、フェノール、クレゾール、シクロヘキサノール等が挙げられる。
【0037】
無機非石鹸系増稠剤としては、例えば、モンモリロナイト、ベントナイト、シリカエアロゲル、窒化ホウ素等が挙げられる。
これらの増稠剤は単独で用いてもよく、又、2種以上を組み合わせてもよい。増稠剤の量は特に限定されるものではないが、基油と増稠剤からなる基グリースに対して通常好ましくは3〜40質量%、より好ましくは5〜20質量%である。上記基油と増稠剤からなる基グリースの稠度は特に限定されないが、通常100〜500程度である。
【0038】
本発明の潤滑剤を含有してなる本発明の潤滑性組成物は、優れた潤滑性を有するが、硫黄を含有する化合物を併用することにより、潤滑性が更に向上する。硫黄を含有する化合物としては、例えば(A1)リン原子及び硫黄原子を含有し、金属原子を含有しない化合物;(A2)硫黄原子を含有し、金属原子を含有しない化合物;(A3)硫黄原子を含有する有機金属化合物が挙げられる。
【0039】
(A1)リン原子及び硫黄原子を含有し、金属原子を含有しない化合物としては、例えば、トリチオホスファイト、チオホスフェート等が挙げられる。これらの化合物は、主に潤滑性、耐摩耗性等を向上させるが、酸化防止剤としても作用する場合がある。
(RS)3Pで表わされる有機トリチオホスファイトとしては、例えば、モノ/ジ/トリブチルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリヘキシルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリオクチルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)トリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリノニルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリデシルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリラウリルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリミリスチルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリパルミチルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリステアリルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリオレイルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリフェニルトリチオホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリクレジルトリチオホスファイト等が挙げられる。
【0040】
(RO)3P=Sで表わされる有機チオホスフェートとしては、例えば、モノ/ジ/トリブチルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリヘキシルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリオクチルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)チオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリノニルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリデシルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリラウリルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリミリスチルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリパルミチルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリステアリルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリオレイルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリフェニルチオホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリクレジルチオホスフェート等が挙げられる。
又、ジチオリン酸2量体も使用することができる。
【0041】
(A2)硫黄原子を含有し、金属原子を含有しない化合物としては、例えば、硫化ラード、硫化魚油、硫化鯨油、硫化大豆油、硫化ピネン油、硫化まっこう油、硫化脂肪酸等の油脂由来化合物の二重結合を硫化したものの他、単体硫黄、有機モノ又はポリサルファイド、イソブチレン等のポリオレフィンの硫化物、1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体、チウラムジスルフィド、ジチオカルバミン酸エステル等が挙げられる。
【0042】
下記の一般式(A2−1)
R−Sx−R (A2−1)
で表わされる有機モノ又はポリサルファイドとしては、例えば、ジメチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジエチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジプロピルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジイソプロピルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジブチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジイソブチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジターシャリブチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジペンチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジイソペンチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジネオペンチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジターシャリペンチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジヘキシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジヘプチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジオクチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ2−エチルヘキシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジノニルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジターシャリノニルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジデシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジウンデシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジドデシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジトリデシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジイソトリデシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジテトラデシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジヘキサデシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジステアリルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジイソステアリルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジオレイルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジイコシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジドコシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジテトラコシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジトリアコンチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジフェニルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジトルイルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジキシリルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジクメニルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジメシチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジベンジルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジフェネチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジスチリルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジシンナミルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジベンズヒドリルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジトリチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(エチルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(プロピルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ブチルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ペンチルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ヘキシルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ヘプチルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(オクチルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ノニルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(デシルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ウンデシルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ドデシルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(フェニルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ベンジルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(スチレン化フェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(p―クミルフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジシクロペンチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジシクロヘキシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジシクロヘプチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジメチルシクロペンチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジメチルシクロヘキシルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジメチルシクロヘプチルモノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド等のジヒドロカルビルサルファイド;ジ(エチルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(プロピルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ブチルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ペンチルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ヘキシルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ヘプチルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(オクチルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ノニルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(デシルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ウンデシルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド、ジ(ドデシルヒドロキシフェニル)モノ/ジ/ポリサルファイド等のジヒドロカルビルフェノールサルファイド等が挙げられる。
【0043】
1,3,4−チアジアゾール誘導体は、下記の一般式(A2−2)
【化4】
(式中、Rは、炭化水素基又は硫黄原子を含有する炭化水素基を表わす。)
で表わされる。
一般式(A2−2)において、硫黄を含有する炭化水素基としては、例えば、5−チアノニル、2,5−ジチアノニル、3,4−ジチアヘキシル、4,5−ジチアヘキシル、3,4,5−トリチアヘプチル、3,4,5,6−テトラチアオクチル、5−チア−2−ヘプテニル、4−チアシクロヘキシル、1,4−ジチアナフチル、5−(メチルチオ)オクチル、4−(エチルチオ)−2−ペンテニル、4−(メチルチオ)シクロヘキシル、4−メルカプトフェニル、4−(メチルチオ)フェニル、4−(ヘキシルチオ)ベンジル、ステアリルジチオ、ラウリルジチオ、オクチルジチオ、ステアリルチオ、ラウリルチオ、オクチルチオ、N,N−ジアルキルジチオカルバモイル等が挙げられるが、なかでも2〜4個の硫黄原子が連続して結合した基が特に好ましい。
【0044】
チウラムジスルフィドは、下記の一般式(A2−3)
【化5】
(Rは、炭化水素基を表わし、R’は、硫黄原子、2価の炭化水素基又は硫黄原子を含有する2価の炭化水素基を表わす。)で表わされる。
一般式(A2−3)において、R’としては、−S(−S)n−(但し、nは0又は1以上の数。)で表わされる基、メチレン基、−S(−S)n(−CH2)n−S(−S)n−(但し、nは同一又は異なる0又は1以上の数。)で表わされる基等が挙げられる。Rは、炭素数4以上の鎖状炭化水素基が好ましい。
【0045】
ジチオカルバミン酸エステルは、下記の一般式(A2−4)
【化6】
(Rは、炭化水素基を表わし、R’は、水素原子、炭化水素基又はCOOR”で表わされる基を表わし、R”は、炭化水素基を表わす。)
で表わされる。
【0046】
(A3)硫黄原子を含有する有機金属化合物としては、ジチオリン酸金属塩、ジチオカルバミン酸金属塩、メルカプトベンゾチアゾール金属塩、メルカプトベンズイミダゾール金属塩、ベンズアミドチオフェノール金属塩等が挙げられる。金属原子は、例えばリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、バリウム、チタン、亜鉛、鉛、スズ、鉄、カドミウム、コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン、ストロンチウム、チタン、バナジウム、銅、アンチモン、ビスマス、モリブデン、タングステンが挙げられる。
【0047】
硫黄原子を含有する化合物のなかでも、(A3)硫黄原子を含有する有機金属化合物は、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物の潤滑性の向上効果に優れていることから好ましく、特に、一般式(A3−1)で表わされるモリブデンジチオカルバメート化合物、一般式(A3−2)で表わされるモリブデンジチオホスフェート化合物及び一般式(3)で表わされる亜鉛ジチオホスフェート化合物が好ましく、一般式(3)で表わされる亜鉛ジチオホスフェート化合物は、それ自身も摩擦低減効果及び酸化防止効果を発揮することから、最も好ましい。
【0048】
【化7】
(式中、R及びR’は、炭化水素基を表わし、Xは、それぞれ独立して硫黄原子又は酸素原子を表わす。)
【化8】
(式中、Rは、炭化水素基を表わし、Xは、それぞれ独立して硫黄原子又は酸素原子を表わす。)
【化9】
(式中、R3及びR4は、炭化水素基を表わし、aは0〜1/3の数を表わす。)
【0049】
一般式(2)において、R3及びR4は炭化水素基であり、例えば、一般式(1)のR1で挙げた炭化水素基を挙げることができる。これらの中でも、炭素数3〜14のアルキル基が好ましい。又、R3及びR4の異なる2種以上の亜鉛ジチオホスフェート化合物を併用してもよい。aは0〜1/3であり、a=0の場合、中性ジンクジチオホスフェートと呼ばれ、a=1/3の場合、塩基性ジンクジチオホスフェートと呼ばれる。
【0050】
本発明の潤滑性組成物において、硫黄を含有する化合物を潤滑性基材に添加する場合、添加量は特に制限されないが、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物の潤滑性を向上させるためにはある程度の量を配合したほうが好ましく、一方、あまり大量に配合すると金属の腐食の問題が発生する場合もあるため、潤滑性基材に対して0.1〜15質量%程度である。
【0051】
又、本発明の潤滑性組成物には、使用目的に応じて、(B1)金属清浄剤;(B2)無灰分散剤;(B3)リン原子を含有し、硫黄を含有しない化合物;(B4)酸化防止剤;(B5)金属原子、リン原子及び硫黄原子を含有しない油性向上剤;(B6)防錆剤、(B7)粘度指数向上剤;(B8)金属不活性化剤;(B9)消泡剤;(B10)固体潤滑剤;(B11)硫黄原子を含有しない有機金属化合物等を併用することができる。
【0052】
(B1)金属清浄剤としては、例えば、金属スルホネート、金属フェネート、金属サリシレート、金属ホスホネート等が挙げられる。金属スルホネートとしては、例えば、(モノ又はジ)アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸金属塩、(モノ又はジ)アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸金属塩、石油スルホン酸金属塩等が挙げられる。金属フェネートとしては、例えば、(モノ又はジ)アルキルフェノール金属塩、チオビス{(モノ又はジ)アルキルフェノール}金属塩、メチレンビス{(モノ又はジ)アルキルフェノール}金属塩等が挙げられる。金属サリシレートとしては、例えば、(モノ又はジ)アルキルサリチル酸金属塩、チオビス{(モノ又はジ)アルキルサリチル酸}金属塩、メチレンビス{(モノ又はジ)アルキルサリチル酸}金属塩等が挙げられる。
金属原子としては、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属が好ましく、カルシウム、マグネシウム、バリウムがより好ましい。
又、上記の化合物は、一般に中性塩であるが、金属清浄剤としては、これらの中性塩に、二酸化炭素を吹き込みながら金属酸化物又は金属水酸化物等で塩基化処理した塩基性又は過塩基性のものが好ましく使用される。過塩基化生成物は、通常炭酸塩の形で含有されている。これらの塩基性又は過塩基性の金属清浄剤の全塩基価(TBN)は、一般に100〜500mgKOH/g程度である。
これらの金属清浄剤の中でも最も好ましいものは、中性、塩基性又は過塩基性の、カルシウムサリシレート若しくはカルシウムスルホネートである。
(B1)成分である金属清浄剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.5〜15質量%程度である。
【0053】
(B2)無灰分散剤としては、例えば、コハク酸イミド、ベンジルアミン、コハク酸エステル又はこれらのホウ素変性物等が挙げられる。コハク酸イミドとしては、例えば、下記の一般式(B2−1)、一般式(B2−2)等が挙げられる。
【化10】
(式中、Rは、ポリブテニル基等のポリアルケニル基を表わし、nは、1〜10程度の数を表わす。)又は下記の一般式(B2−2)
【化11】
(式中、Rは、ポリブテニル基等のポリアルケニル基を表わし、nは、1〜10程度の数を表わす。)
一般式(B2−1)及び一般式(B2−2)において、ポリアルケニル基の分子量は、通常300〜4,000程度である。又、nは好ましくは2〜5である。
【0054】
ベンジルアミン(マンニッヒ反応物)としては、例えば、下記の一般式(B2−3)等が挙げられる。
【化12】
(式中、Rは、ポリブテニル基等のポリアルケニル基を表わし、nは、1〜10程度の数を表わす。)
一般式(B2−3)において、ポリアルケニル基の分子量は、通常300〜4,000程度である。又、nは好ましくは2〜5である。
【0055】
コハク酸エステルとしては、例えば、下記の一般式(B2−4)又は一般式(B2−5)等が挙げられる。
【化13】
(式中、Rは、ポリブテニル基等のポリアルケニル基を表わし、R’は、モノオール又はポリオールから1つの水酸基を除いた残基を表わす。)又は下記の一般式(B2−5)
【化14】
(式中、Rは、ポリブテニル基等のポリアルケニル基を表わし、R’は、ポリオールから2つの水酸基を除いた残基を表わす。)
一般式(B2−4)及び一般式(B2−5)において、ポリアルケニル基の分子量は、通常300〜4,000程度である。
【0056】
又、上記化合物のホウ素変性物としては、例えば、上記の一般式の矢印部分に下記の置換基(B2−6)又は一般式(B2−7)等が配位したもの等が挙げられる。
【化15】
【化16】
これらの無灰分散剤のうちで、好ましいものは、コハク酸イミド又はそのホウ素変性物であり、特に、一般式(B2−1)で表わされるモノコハク酸イミドが好ましい。
(B2)成分の無灰分散剤の添加量は特に制限されないが、添加量があまりに少ないと使用初期の摩擦低減効果が十分でなく、添加量があまりに多いと、摩擦低減効果が阻害されるする場合がある。従って、(B2)成分の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.5〜10質量%程度である。
【0057】
(B3)リン原子を含有し、硫黄原子を含有しない化合物としては、例えば、ホスフィン、ホスフィンオキシド、ホスフィナイト、ホスフォナイト、ホスフィネート、ホスファイト、ホスフォネート、ホスフェート、ホスフォロアミデート等の有機リン化合物が挙げられる。これらの化合物は、主に潤滑性、耐摩耗性等を向上させるが、酸化防止剤としても作用する場合がある。
(R)3Pで表わされる有機ホスフィンとしては、例えば、トリブチルホスフィン、トリヘキシルホスフィン、トリオクチルホスフィン、トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)ホスフィン、トリノニルホスフィン、トリデシルホスフィン、トリラウリルホスフィン、トリミリスチルホスフィン、トリパルミチルホスフィン、トリステアリルホスフィン、トリオレイルホスフィン、トリフェニルホスフィン、トリクレジルホスフィン等が挙げられる。(R)2P−(CH2)n−P(R)2で表わされるアルキリデンビスホスフィンとしては、例えば、メチレンビス(ジブチルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジヘキシルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジオクチルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジ2−エチルヘキシルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジノニルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジデシルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジラウリルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジミリスチルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジパルミチルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジステアリルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジオレイルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジフェニルホスフィン)、メチレンビス(ジクレジルホスフィン)等が挙げられる。
【0058】
(R)3P=Oで表わされる有機ホスフィンオキシドとしては、例えば、トリブチルホスフィンオキシド、トリヘキシルホスフィンオキシド、トリオクチルホスフィンオキシド、トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)ホスフィンオキシド、トリノニルホスフィンオキシド、トリデシルホスフィンオキシド、トリラウリルホスフィンオキシド、トリミリスチルホスフィンオキシド、トリパルミチルホスフィンオキシド、トリステアリルホスフィンオキシド、トリオレイルホスフィンオキシド、トリフェニルホスフィンオキシド、トリクレジルホスフィンオキシド等が挙げられる。
【0059】
(RO)3Pで表わされる有機ホスファイトとしては、例えば、モノ、ジ、又はトリ(以下、モノ、ジ、又はトリを、モノ/ジ/トリと略記する。)ブチルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリヘキシルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリオクチルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)ホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリノニルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリデシルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリラウリルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリミリスチルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリパルミチルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリステアリルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリオレイルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリフェニルホスファイト、モノ/ジ/トリクレジルホスファイト等が挙げられる。又、他のホスファイトとしては、例えば、ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、ペンタエリスリトールテトラホスファイト、アルキリデンビスホスファイト等が挙げられる。
【0060】
(RO)3P=Oで表わされる有機ホスフェートとしては、例えば、モノ/ジ/トリブチルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリヘキシルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリオクチルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリ(2−エチルヘキシル)ホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリノニルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリデシルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリラウリルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリミリスチルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリパルミチルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリステアリルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリオレイルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリフェニルホスフェート、モノ/ジ/トリクレジルホスフェート等が挙げられる。又、ポリオキシアルキレン基を有するホスフェート、例えば、ラウリルアルコールエチレンオキサイド及び/又はプロピレンオキサイド付加物のホスフェート等も挙げられる。
【0061】
これらのホスフェートのうち、モノ又はジホスフェートは酸性リン酸エステルと呼ばれ、アルカリ又はアミン等の塩基で中和して使用してもよい。アルカリとしては、例えば、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウム等の金属水酸化物等が挙げられる。アミンとしては、例えば、アンモニア;メチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、エチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、(イソ)プロピルアミン、ジ(イソ)プロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、ヘキシルアミン、オクチルアミン、デシルアミン、ドデシルアミン、トリデシルアミン、セチルアミン、ヤシアルキルアミン、大豆油由来アルキルアミン、牛脂由来アルキルアミン、オレイルアミン、ステアリルアミン等のアルキルアミン類;モノエタノールアミン、N−メチルモノエタノールアミン、N−エチルモノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、N−メチルジエタノールアミン、N−エチルジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、2−アミノ−2−メチル−1−プロパノール、2−アミノ−2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、アミノエチルエタノールアミン、N,N,N’,N’−テトラキス(ヒドロキシエチル)エチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’−テトラキス(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)エチレンジアミン等のアルカノールアミン類又はこれらのアルキレンオキサイド付加物;N−ブチルジエタノールアミン、N−ヘキシルジエタノールアミン、N−オクチルジエタノールアミン、N−デシルジエタノールアミン、N−ヤシアルキルジエタノールアミン、N−大豆油由来アルキルジエタノールアミン、N−牛脂由来アルキルジエタノールアミン、N−オレイルジエタノールアミン、N−ステアリルジエタノールアミン、N,N−ジブチルモノエタノールアミン、N、N−ジヘキシルモノエタノールアミン、N,N−ジオクチルモノエタノールアミン、N,N−ジデシルモノエタノールアミン、N,N−ビス(ヤシアルキル)モノエタノールアミン、N,N−ビス(大豆油由来アルキル)モノエタノールアミン、N,N−ビス(牛脂由来アルキル)モノエタノールアミン、N−ジオレイルモノエタノールアミン、N−ジステアリルモノエタノールアミン等のN−長鎖アルキルアルカノールアミン類又はこれらのアルキレンオキサイド付加物等が挙げられる。ホスフォロアミデートとしては、上記ホスフェートと、上記アミンとを縮合反応させたもの等が挙げられる。
(B3)成分であるのリン原子を含有し、硫黄原子を含有しない化合物の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.1〜10質量%程度である。
【0062】
(B4)酸化防止剤としては、例えば、フェノール系酸化防止剤、アミン系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
フェノール系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、2,6−ジ−tert.−ブチルフェノール(以下、tert.−ブチルをt−ブチルと略記する。)、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−エチルフェノール、2,4−ジメチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール、4,4’−メチレンビス(2,6−ジ−t−ブチルフェノール)、4,4’−ビス(2,6−ジ−t−ブチルフェノール)、4,4’−ビス(2−メチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール)、2,2’−メチレンビス(4−メチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール)、2,2’−メチレンビス(4−エチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール)、4,4’−ブチリデンビス(3−メチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール)、4,4’−イソプロピリデンビス(2,6−ジ−t−ブチルフェノール)、2,2’−メチレンビス(4−メチル−6−シクロヘキシルフェノール)、2,2’−メチレンビス(4−メチル−6−ノニルフェノール)、2,2’−イソブチリデンビス(4,6−ジメチルフェノール)、2,6−ビス(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’−t−ブチル−5’−メチルベンジル)−4−メチルフェノール、3−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシアニソール、2−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシアニソール、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸ステアリル、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸オレイル、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸ドデシル、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸デシル、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸オクチル、テトラキス{3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオニルオキシメチル}メタン、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸グリセリンモノエステル、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸とグリセリンモノオレイルエーテルとのエステル、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸ブチレングリコールエステル、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルフェニル)プロピオン酸チオジグリコールエステル、4,4’−チオビス(3−メチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール)、4,4’−チオビス(2−メチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール)、2,2’−チオビス(4−メチル−6−t−ブチルフェノール)、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−α−ジメチルアミノ−p−クレゾール、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−4−(N,N’−ジメチルアミノメチルフェノール)、ビス(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジル)サルファイド、トリス{(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオニル−オキシエチル}イソシアヌレート、トリス(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)イソシアヌレート、1,3,5−トリス(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジル)イソシアヌレート、ビス{2−メチル−4−(3−n−アルキルチオプロピオニルオキシ)−5−t−ブチルフェニル}サルファイド、1,3,5−トリス(4−t−ブチル−3−ヒドロキシ−2,6−ジメチルベンジル)イソシアヌレート、テトラフタロイル−ジ(2,6−ジメチル−4−t−ブチル−3−ヒドロキシベンジルサルファイド)、6−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジ−t−ブチルアニリノ)−2,4−ビス(オクチルチオ)−1,3,5−トリアジン、2,2−チオ−{ジエチル−ビス−3−(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)}プロピオネート、N,N’−ヘキサメチレンビス(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシ−ヒドロシナミド)、3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシ−ベンジル−リン酸ジエステル、ビス(3−メチル−4−ヒドロキシ−5−t−ブチルベンジル)サルファイド、3,9−ビス〔1,1−ジメチル−2−{β−(3−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシ−5−メチルフェニル)プロピオニルオキシ}エチル〕−2,4,8,10−テトラオキサスピロ[5,5]ウンデカン、1,1,3−トリス(2−メチル−4−ヒドロキシ−5−t−ブチルフェニル)ブタン、1,3,5−トリメチル−2,4,6−トリス(3,5−ジ−t−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジル)ベンゼン、ビス{3,3’−ビス−(4’−ヒドロキシ−3’−t−ブチルフェニル)ブチリックアシッド}グリコールエステル等が挙げられる。
【0063】
アミン系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、1−ナフチルアミン、フェニル−1−ナフチルアミン、p−オクチルフェニル−1−ナフチルアミン、p−ノニルフェニル−1−ナフチルアミン、p−ドデシルフェニル−1−ナフチルアミン、フェニル−2−ナフチルアミン等のナフチルアミン系酸化防止剤;N,N’−ジイソプロピル−p−フェニレンジアミン、N,N’−ジイソブチル−p−フェニレンジアミン、N,N’−ジフェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン、N,N’−ジ−β−ナフチル−p−フェニレンジアミン、N−フェニル−N’−イソプロピル−p−フェニレンジアミン、N−シクロヘキシル−N’−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン、N−1,3−ジメチルブチル−N’−フェニル−p−フェニレンジアミン、ジオクチル−p−フェニレンジアミン、フェニルヘキシル−p−フェニレンジアミン、フェニルオクチル−p−フェニレンジアミン等のフェニレンジアミン系酸化防止剤;ジピリジルアミン、ジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジ−n−ブチルジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジ−t−ブチルジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジ−t−ペンチルジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジオクチルジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジノニルジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジデシルジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジドデシルジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジスチリルジフェニルアミン、p,p’−ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、4,4’−ビス(4−α,α−ジメチルベンゾイル)ジフェニルアミン、p−イソプロポキシジフェニルアミン、ジピリジルアミン等のジフェニルアミン系酸化防止剤;フェノチアジン、N−メチルフェノチアジン、N−エチルフェノチアジン、3,7−ジオクチルフェノチアジン、フェノチアジンカルボン酸エステル、フェノセレナジン等のフェノチアジン系酸化防止剤が挙げられる。
【0064】
硫黄系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、ジオクチルチオジプロピオネート、ジデシルチオジプロピオネート、ジラウリルチオジプロピオネート、ジミリスチルチオジプロピオネート、ジステアリルチオジプロピオネート、ラウリルステアリルチオジプロピオネート、ジミリスチルチオジプロピオネート、ジステアリル−β,β’−チオジブチレート、(3−オクチルチオプロピオン酸)ペンタエリスリトールテトラエステル、(3−デシルチオプロピオン酸)ペンタエリスリトールテトラエステル、(3−ラウリルチオプロピオン酸)ペンタエリスリトールテトラエステル、(3−ステアリルチオプロピオン酸)ペンタエリスリトールテトラエステル、(3−オレイルチオプロピオン酸)ペンタエリスリトールテトラエステル、(3−ラウリルチオプロピオン酸)−4,4’−チオジ(3−メチル−5−t−ブチル−4−フェノール)エステル、2−メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、2−メルカプトメチルベンズイミダゾール、2−ベンズイミダゾールジスルフィド、ジラウリルサルファイド、アミルチオグリコレート等が挙げられる。
(B4)成分である酸化防止剤の配合量は、潤滑性基材が潤滑性基油である場合は、潤滑性基油に対して好ましくは0.05〜10質量%、より好ましくは0.1〜5質量%、最も好ましくは0.1〜2質量%である。潤滑性基材が基グリースである場合は、添加量は、基グリースに対して好ましくは0.1〜15質量%、より好ましくは0.1〜10質量%、最も好ましくは0.5〜5質量%である。
【0065】
(B5)成分は、金属原子、リン原子及び硫黄原子を含有しない油性向上剤である。例えば、ヘキサン酸、オクタン酸、ペラルゴン酸、デカン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、ベヘニン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸等の脂肪酸;アマニ油、エノ油、オイチシカ油、オリーブ油、カカオ脂、カポック油、白カラシ油、ゴマ油、コメヌカ油、サフラワー油、シアナット油、シナキリ油、大豆油、茶実油、ツバキ油、コーン油、ナタネ油、パーム油、パーム核油、ひまし油、ひまわり油、綿実油、ヤシ油、木ロウ、落花生油、馬脂、牛脂、牛脚脂、牛酪脂、豚脂、山羊脂、羊脂、乳脂、魚油、鯨油等の油脂或いはこれらの水素化物又は部分ケン化物;エポキシ化大豆油、エポキシ化アマニ油等のエポキシ化油脂;エポキシステアリン酸ブチル、エポキシステアリン酸オクチル等のエポキシ化エステル;グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸、ダイマー酸等の二塩基酸;リシノール酸(ヒマシ油脂肪酸)、12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸等のヒドロキシステアリン酸の重縮合物又は該重縮合物と脂肪酸とのエステル;ラウリルアルコール、ミリスチルアルコール、パルミチルアルコール、ステアリルアルコール、オレイルアルコール、ベヘニルアルコール等の高級アルコール;ラウリルアミン、ミリスチルアミン、パルミチルアミン、ステアリルアミン、オレイルアミン、ベヘニルアミン等の高級アミン;ラウリルアミド、ミリスチルアミド、パルミチルアミド、ステアリルアミド、オレイルアミド、ベヘニルアミド等の高級アミド;ラウリルジエタノールアミド、ミリスチルジエタノールアミド、パルミチルジエタノールアミド、ステアリルジエタノールアミド、オレイルジエタノールアミド、ベヘニルジエタノールアミド等のジエタノールアミド;ヘキサン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド、オクタン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド、デカン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド、ラウリン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド、ミリスチン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド、パルミチン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド、ステアリン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド、オレイン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド、ベヘニン酸モノ/ジ/トリグリセリド等のグリセリド;ヘキサン酸ポリグリセリンエステル、オクタン酸ポリグリセリンエステル、デカン酸ポリグリセリンエステル、ラウリン酸ポリグリセリンエステル、ミリスチン酸ポリグリセリンエステル、パルミチン酸ポリグリセリンエステル、ステアリン酸ポリグリセリンエステル、オレイン酸ポリグリセリンエステル、ベヘニン酸ポリグリセリンエステル等のポリグリセリンエステル;ヘキサン酸ソルビタンエステル、オクタン酸ソルビタンエステル、デカン酸ソルビタンエステル、ラウリン酸ソルビタンエステル、ミリスチン酸ソルビタンエステル、パルミチン酸ソルビタンエステル、ステアリン酸ソルビタンエステル、オレイン酸ソルビタンエステル、ベヘニン酸ソルビタンエステル等のソルビタンエステル;(ポリ)グリセリンモノオクチルエーテル、(ポリ)グリセリンモノデシルエーテル、(ポリ)グリセリンモノラウリルエーテル、(ポリ)グリセリンモノオレイルエーテル、(ポリ)グリセリンモノステアリルエーテル等の(ポリ)グリセリンエーテル;上記の化合物にエチレンオキサイド、プロピレンオキサイド、ドデカン−1,2−オキサイド等のα−オレフィンオキサイドを付加したもの等が挙げられる。(B5)成分である金属原子、リン原子及び硫黄原子を含有しない油性向上剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.05〜15質量%程度である。
【0066】
(B6)成分は、防錆剤である。例えば、前記金属清浄剤で例示したスルホネート、亜硝酸ナトリウム、酸化パラフィンワックスカルシウム塩、酸化パラフィンワックスマグネシウム塩、牛脂脂肪酸アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩又はアミン塩、アルケニルコハク酸又はアルケニルコハク酸ハーフエステル(アルケニル基の分子量は100〜300程度)、ソルビタンモノエステル、ペンタエリスリトールモノエステル、グリセリンモノエステル、ノニルフェノールエトキシレート、ラノリン脂肪酸エステル、ラノリン脂肪酸カルシウム塩等が挙げられる。(B6)成分である防錆剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.1〜15質量%程度である。
【0067】
(B7)成分は粘度指数向上剤である。例えば、ポリ(C1〜18)アルキルメタクリレート、(C1〜18)アルキルアクリレート/(C1〜18)アルキルメタクリレート共重合体、ジエチルアミノエチルメタクリレート/(C1〜18)アルキルメタクリレート共重合体、エチレン/(C1〜18)アルキルメタクリレート共重合体、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアルキルスチレン、エチレン/プロピレン共重合体、スチレン/マレイン酸エステル共重合体、スチレン/マレイン酸アミド共重合体、スチレン/ブタジエン水素化共重合体、スチレン/イソプレン水素化共重合体等が挙げられる。平均分子量は10,000〜1,500,000程度である。(B7)成分である粘度指数向上剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.1〜20質量%程度である。
【0068】
(B8)成分は、金属不活性化剤である。例えば、N,N’−サリチリデン−1,2−プロパンジアミン、アリザリン、テトラアルキルチウラムジサルファイド、ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾイミダゾール、2−アルキルジチオベンゾイミダゾール、2−アルキルジチオベンゾチアゾール、2−(N,N−ジアルキルジチオカルバモイル)ベンゾチアゾール、2,5−ビス(アルキルジチオ)−1,3,4−チアジアゾール、2,5−ビス(N,N−ジアルキルジチオカルバモイル)−1,3,4−チアジアゾール等が挙げられる。(B8)成分である金属不活性化剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.01〜5質量%程度である。
【0069】
(B9)成分は、消泡剤である。例えば、ポリジメチルシリコーン、トリフルオロプロピルメチルシリコーン、コロイダルシリカ、ポリアルキルアクリレート、ポリアルキルメタクリレート、アルコールエトキシ/プロポキシレート、脂肪酸エトキシ/プロポキシレート、ソルビタン部分脂肪酸エステル等が挙げられる。(B9)成分である消泡剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.001〜1質量%程度である。
【0070】
(B10)成分は、固体潤滑剤である。例えば、グラファイト、二硫化モリブデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、脂肪酸アルカリ土類金属塩、雲母、二塩化カドミウム、二ヨウ化カドミウム、フッ化カルシウム、ヨウ化鉛、酸化鉛、チタンカーバイド、窒化チタン、珪酸アルミニウム、酸化アンチモン、フッ化セリウム、ポリエチレン、ダイアモンド粉末、窒化ケイ素、窒化ホウ素フッ化炭素、メラミンイソシアヌレート等が挙げられる。(B10)成分である固体潤滑剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.005〜2質量%程度である。
【0071】
(B11)硫黄原子及びリン原子を含有しない有機金属化合物は、耐摩耗性及び酸化防止性を向上させるものである。具体的には、例えば、ヘキサン酸、オクタン酸、ペラルゴン酸、デカン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、ベヘニン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸等の脂肪酸又はナフテン酸のリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、バリウム、チタン、亜鉛、鉛、スズ、鉄、カドミウム、コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン、ストロンチウム、チタン、バナジウム、銅、アンチモン、ビスマス、モリブデン、タングステン塩等が挙げられる。脂肪酸としては炭素数12〜18程度が好ましい。(B11)硫黄原子及びリン原子を含有しない有機金属化合物の好ましい配合量は、潤滑性基材に対して0.01〜5質量%程度である。
【0072】
以上の(B1)〜(B11)の各成分は、1種又は2種以上を適宜配合することができる。本発明の潤滑性組成物を内燃機関用潤滑油として使用する場合は、少なくとも(B1)金属清浄剤を配合することが好ましい。
【0073】
又、本発明の潤滑性組成物中のアルカリ金属含量は、潤滑性組成物中に含有されるアルカリ金属分総量で0.02質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.01質量%以下であることがより好ましい。潤滑性組成物中にアルカリ金属が混入する場合とは、一般に基油の分離、精製、合成工程において触媒、原料等としてアルカリ金属を用いた場合にこれらの除去が完全に行われていなかった場合が挙げられる。その他、潤滑油添加剤の合成工程においても、原料、触媒としてアルカリ金属又はその塩が用いられる場合が多く、それらが完全に除去されていない場合が挙げられる。モリブデン酸アミンは、その製造工程中にアルカリ金属を含有する無機物を使用することが多い。更に、防錆剤として亜硝酸ナトリウムやナトリウムスルホネートを用いたり、清浄分散剤としてアルカリ金属化合物を添加する場合等も挙げられる。
【0074】
本発明の潤滑性組成物は、あらゆる用途の潤滑に使用することができる。例えば、工業用潤滑油、タービン油、マシン油、軸受油、圧縮機油、油圧油、作動油、内燃機関油、冷凍機油、ギヤ油、自動変速機用油(ATF)、連続可変無段変速機用油(CVTF)、トランスアクスル流体、金属加工油等が挙げられる。又、すべり軸受、転がり軸受、歯車、ユニバーサルジョイント、トルクリミッタ、自動車用等速ジョイント(CVJ)、ボールジョイント、ホイールベアリング、等速ギヤ、変速ギヤ等の各種グリースに添加して使用することができる。
【0075】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明する。尚、以下の実施例中、%は特に記載が無い限り質量基準である。
なお、試験に使用した各成分は以下のとおりである。
<モリブデンアミン(MoAm)化合物>
モリブデンアミン化合物として以下のMoAm1〜7を使用した。なお、MoAm1〜4は本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物、MoAm5〜7は比較のモリブデンアミン化合物である。なお、反応の結果を表1に示す。
(MoAm1)
撹拌機、滴下ロート、温度計及び窒素導入管を備えたガラス製反応容器に、三酸化モリブデン1モル及び水540gを仕込み、窒素気流下で撹拌して三酸化モリブデンを分散させた。この後、窒素気流下で、50〜60℃に保ちつつ0.8モルの、ジ−n−オクチルアミンを1時間かけて滴下し、更に1時間同温度で熟成した後、撹拌を停止して静置し目視したところ、水中に分散していた三酸化モリブデン粉末は消失しており、反応液は水層と油層からなる2層に分離していた。この後、水層を分離し、油層を100℃で1.4kPa以下に減圧して水分を除去して、淡青色オイル状のMoAm1を得た。また、MoAm1のIR分析(図1)では、三酸化モリブデン由来の990cm−1付近の吸収が消失していることから、原料の三酸化モリブデンが完全に反応していることを確認した。
(MoAm2)
0.8モルの、ジ−n−オクチルアミンに代えて、0.6モルのトリ−n−オクチルアミンを使用した以外はMoAm1と同様にしてMoAm2を得た。MoAm2をIR分析することにより、原料の三酸化モリブデンが完全に反応していることを確認した。
(MoAm3)
0.8モルの、ジ−n−オクチルアミンに代えて、0.4モルのジトリデシルアミンを使用した以外はMoAm1と同様にしてMoAm3を得た。MoAm3をIR分析することにより、原料の三酸化モリブデンが完全に反応していることを確認した。
(MoAm4)
0.8モルの、ジ−n−オクチルアミンに代えて、0.2モルのモノ牛脂由来アルキルアミンを使用した以外はMoAm1と同様にしてMoAm4を得た。MoAm4をIR分析することにより、原料の三酸化モリブデンが完全に反応していることを確認した。
(MoAm5:比較例)
0.8モルの、ジ−n−オクチルアミンに代えて、1モルのジトリデシルアミンを使用した以外はMoAm1と同様にしてMoAm5を得た。MoAm5のIRを分析することにより、原料の三酸化モリブデンが完全に反応していることを確認した。
(MoAm6:比較例)
0.8モルの、ジ−n−オクチルアミンに代えて、2モルのジ−n−オクチルアミンを使用した以外はMoAm1と同様にしてMoAm6を得た。MoAm6をIR分析することにより、原料の三酸化モリブデンが完全に反応していることを確認した。
(MoAm7:比較例)
0.8モルの、ジ−n−オクチルアミンに代えて、0.1モルのジトリデシルアミンを使用した以外はMoAm1と同様にしてMoAm7を得た。MoAm7をIR分析することにより、原料の三酸化モリブデンが完全に反応していることを確認した。
【0076】
【表1】
【0077】
<硫黄を含有する化合物>
(S化合物1)
一般式(2)において、R3=R4=2−エチルヘキシル基、中性塩/塩基性塩=95/5である亜鉛ジチオフェスフェート。
(S化合物2)
一般式(2)において、R3=R4=ドデシル基、中性塩/塩基性塩=95/5である亜鉛ジチオフェスフェート。
(S化合物3)
2,5−ジオクチル−1,3,4−チアジアゾール
【0078】
<基油>
鉱油系高VI油。動粘度5.6mm2/秒(100℃)、33.0mm2/秒(40℃)、粘度指数(VI)=109。
<基グリース>
100℃における動粘度が6mm2/秒である精製鉱油に脂肪族アミン系ウレア化合物を均一に分散させた、25℃における稠度が300である基グリース。
【0079】
<シール材適合性試験>
本発明品MoAm1〜4及び比較品MoAm5〜7について、シール材適合性を調べるために、各モリブデンアミン化合物を、基油に1質量%溶解したものを試験油とし、自動車規格JASO F401−95(オイルシール)に準拠して、以下の方法でゴム材料の浸漬試験を行った。結果を表2及び表3に示す。なお、参考として、JASO F401−95に規定された合格基準を表に記載した。
試験片:ニトリルゴム、アクリルゴム、シリコンゴム及びフッ素ゴムの4種のゴムにつ いて、20×50×2.00mmの長方形、及びダンベル型3号に加工した試 験片を用いた。
浸漬条件:試験油に試験片を浸漬し、ニトリルゴムでは120℃で200時間、他のゴ ム材料では150℃で200時間保存した。なお、試験時間はJASO F 401−95 では70時間であるが、本試験では時間を延長して行った。
評価方法
体積変化:長方形の試験片の幅、長さ及び厚さを測定することにより、試験片の体積 を求め、浸漬試験前後の試験片体積から体積変化率を求めた。
伸び変化:ダンベル状3号形試験片の切断に至るまでの最大荷重を測定し、浸漬試験 前後の最大荷重の変化率を伸び変化率とした。
硬さ変化:A形スプリング式硬さ試験機を用いて、浸漬前後の長方形の試験片の硬さ を測定し、硬さの差を硬さ変化とした。
【0080】
【表2】
【0081】
【表3】
【0082】
モリブデンとアミンの反応比が0.9以下のもの(MoAm1〜4及びMoAm7)は、反応比が1.0異常のものに較べ、試験前と試験後とのゴム材料に対する影響が少ない。これは、モリブデンとアミンの反応比が0.9以下のものが、潤滑性組成物として、良好なシール材適合性を有していることを示している。
【0083】
<溶解性試験>
ゴム材料試験に用いた試験油を100mLの蓋付きガラス瓶に入れ、−5℃の恒温槽に30日間保存した後、目視により以下の基準で溶解性を評価した。結果を表4に示す。
○:沈殿がみられず、溶解性に優れる。
△:ガラス瓶の底部に僅かに沈殿がみられ、溶解性にやや劣る。
×:明らかに沈殿がみられ、溶解性が劣る。
【0084】
【表4】
【0085】
モリブデンとアミンの反応比が0.1のもの(MoAm7)は、溶解性が不充分であるが、他は良好な溶解性を示した。
【0086】
<潤滑性試験1>
下記の表5に示す組成で各成分を基油に配合して、実施例1〜14及び比較例1〜7の潤滑性組成物を調整した。これらの潤滑性組成物について、シェル式高速四球試験機にて、荷重30kg、室温、回転数1,500rpm、時間10分間の条件で、平均摩擦係数及びボールの磨耗痕径を測定した。結果を表5に示す。なお、これらの潤滑性組成物について、アルカリ金属含量を原子吸光分析によって求めたところ、いずれも0.01質量%以下であった。
【0087】
【表5】
【0088】
モリブデンアミン化合物を配合していない潤滑性組成物(比較例7)と比較し、モリブデンアミン化合物を配合した潤滑性組成物(実施例1〜14及び比較例1〜6)は、何れも磨耗痕径が小さく、良好な耐磨耗性を示している。摩擦係数についてみると、モリブデンアミン化合物を配合した潤滑性組成物は、何れも摩擦係数が下がっているが、この中では、モリブデンとアミンの反応比が1以上であるMoAm5若しくはMoAm6を0.1質量%配合した比較例1及び比較例4では、摩擦係数がやや高い。これは、本発明のモリブデンアミン化合物が、従来のモリブデンアミン化合物に較べて、比較的少量の添加でも大きな摩擦低減効果を発揮することができることを示している。
【0089】
<潤滑性試験2>
下記の表6に示す組成で各成分を基グリースに配合して、実施例15〜28及び比較例8〜11のグリース組成物を調整し、これらのグリース組成物について、SRV試験機を用いて、ボールオンプレートの点接触状態で摩擦係数を測定した。即ち、上部ボール(φ10mm)をプレート(φ24×6.85mm)上にセットし、往復振動させ摩擦係数を測定した。尚、ボール及びプレートの材質は両者共SUJ−2であった。詳細な条件は以下のとおりである。結果を表6に示す。なお、これらの潤滑性組成物について、アルカリ金属含量を原子吸光分析によって求めたところ、いずれも0.01質量%以下であった。
<条件>
荷重:200N
温度:90℃
測定時間:2時間
振幅:1mm
サイクル:50Hz
【0090】
【表6】
【0091】
モリブデンアミン化合物を配合したグリース組成物は何れも、良好な潤滑性を示した。
【0092】
【発明の効果】
本発明の効果は、潤滑性、溶解性及びシール材適合性に優れたモリブデンアミン化合物からなる潤滑剤を提供したことにある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例で得られたMoAm1のIRチャートである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricant and a lubricating composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, the situation surrounding automobiles is becoming stricter, such as fuel efficiency regulations and exhaust gas regulations. This is due to environmental issues such as global warming, air pollution, and acid rain, and the protection of resources from concerns about the limited exhaustion of petroleum energy. At present, improvement of fuel efficiency is the most effective as these measures.
[0003]
In order to reduce the fuel consumption of automobiles, reduce the viscosity of the engine oil to prevent friction loss in the engine as well as improving the automobile itself, such as reducing the weight of the automobile body and improving the engine, etc., adding a good friction modifier, etc. Improvement of engine oil is also an important factor. Engine oil acts as a lubricant between the piston and liner, but since there is much fluid lubrication in this part, the friction loss can be reduced by reducing the viscosity of the engine oil. Viscosity is progressing. Engine oil also plays an important role in the lubrication of valve trains and bearings, but since there are many mixed lubrication and boundary lubrication in this part, lowering the viscosity of engine oil causes an increase in wear. ing. Therefore, friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents, and the like are added for the purpose of reducing friction loss accompanying wear reduction of engine oil and preventing wear.
[0004]
Organic molybdenum compounds have an excellent friction reducing action and are therefore added to various lubricating oils. Among the organic molybdenum compounds, the molybdenum amine compound obtained by reacting a compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom with an amine does not contain a phosphorus atom or a sulfur atom in the molecule. There is an advantage that there is no problem of poisoning or corrosion of metals due to sulfur atoms or phosphorus atoms, and lubricity is also good. A method for producing such a molybdenum amine compound is described in JP-A No. 13-164281, JP-A No. 9-59662, JP-A No. 61-285293, and the like. Moreover, the conventionally known molybdenum amine compound is obtained by reacting 1 to 4 moles of amine with 1 atom of molybdenum.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, conventionally known molybdenum amine compounds have insufficient seal material compatibility, and when blended with engine oil or the like, the oil seal may be deteriorated to cause oil leakage.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant comprising a molybdenum amine compound having excellent lubricity, solubility and compatibility with a sealing material, and a lubricating composition using the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have intensively studied a lubricant having an excellent friction reducing action and excellent sealing material compatibility, and reacting a compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom with an amine at a specific ratio. The molybdenum amine compound obtained in this way has an excellent friction reducing action and has been found to be excellent in sealing material compatibility, leading to the present invention.
[0008]
That is, the present invention relates to a compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom and the following general formula (1):
[Chemical Formula 3]
(Wherein R1Represents a hydrocarbon group, and X and Y represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group. )
The number of moles of amine is 0.2-0.8The present invention relates to a lubricant composed of a molybdenum amine compound obtained by a reaction so that
[0009]
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a lubricating composition containing the above lubricant in a lubricating base material.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the lubricant of the present invention, a compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom and an amine represented by the general formula (1) have a molar number of amines per molybdenum atom (hereinafter referred to as a reaction ratio of molybdenum to amine) of 0. .2-0.8It is the lubricant which consists of a molybdenum amine compound obtained by making it react so that.
[0011]
Examples of the compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom used in the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention include molybdenum trioxide or a hydrate thereof (MoO).3・ NH2O), molybdic acid (H2MoO4), Alkali metal molybdate (M2MoO4), Ammonium molybdate [(NH4)2MoO4Or (NH4)6(Mo7O244H2O], MoOCl4, MoO2Cl2, MoO2Br2, Mo2O3Cl6Molybdenum trioxide or its hydrates, molybdic acid, alkali metal molybdate, ammonium molybdate, etc. that are easily available industriallyPreferMaNew. Among these, molybdenum trioxide or its hydrate and molybdic acid are more preferable because they do not generate by-products such as by-product salts when reacted with amines and do not require special purification. .
[0012]
In the general formula (1), R1Represents a hydrocarbon group. Examples of the hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, and a cycloalkenyl group.
Examples of the alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, secondary pentyl, neopentyl, tertiary pentyl, hexyl, secondary hexyl, heptyl, 2 Secondary heptyl, isoheptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, secondary octyl, isooctyl, nonyl, secondary nonyl, isononyl, decyl, isodecyl, secondary decyl, undecyl, secondary undecyl, isoundecyl, dodecyl, secondary dodecyl, tridecyl, isotridecyl Secondary tridecyl, tetradecyl, secondary tetradecyl, hesisadecyl, secondary hexadecyl, stearyl, isostearyl, icosyl, docosyl, tetracosyl, hexacosyl, octacosyl, triacontyl, 2-butyl Octyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, 2-decyltetradecyl, 2-dodecylhexadecyl, 2-hexadecyloctadecyl, 2 -Tetradecyl octadecyl, monomethyl branched-isostearyl, beef tallow-derived alkyl, soybean oil-derived alkyl, coconut oil-derived alkyl, and the like.
Examples of the alkenyl group include vinyl, allyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl, isopentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tetradecenyl, oleyl and the like.
Examples of the aryl group include phenyl, toluyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, benzyl, phenethyl, styryl, cinnamyl, benzhydryl, trityl, ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, butylphenyl, pentylphenyl, hexylphenyl, heptylphenyl, octylphenyl, nonyl Examples include phenyl, decylphenyl, undecylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, styrenated phenyl, p-cumylphenyl, phenylphenyl, benzylphenyl, α-naphthyl, and β-naphthyl groups.
Examples of the cycloalkyl group and cycloalkenyl group include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, methylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, methylcycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, methylcyclopentenyl, methylcyclohexenyl, methylcycloheptenyl group, and the like. Is mentioned.
[0013]
Among these hydrocarbon groups, in the case of an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, lubricity is preferable, and an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms is more preferable, and the number of carbon atoms is 8 Most preferred is an alkyl group of ˜13.
[0014]
In the general formula (1), X and Y are hydrogen atomsOrhydrocarbonGroupRepresent. As the hydrocarbon group when X or Y is a hydrocarbon group, R1And the hydrocarbon groups mentioned above.
[0016]
X and Y may be the same or different. When X and / or Y is a hydrocarbon group, R1, X and Y, two or three may be the same or different. As X and Y, either one is a hydrogen atom and the other is a hydrocarbonOn the basisPreferably there is. In this case, the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention is obtained in a good yield, and the solubility in various lubricating base oils is also good.
[0017]
Preferred amines represented by the general formula (1) include N-hexylmethylamine, N-2 secondary hexylmethylamine, N-cyclohexylmethylamine, N-2 secondary heptylmethylamine, N-heptylmethylamine, N-2-ethylhexylmethylamine, N-2 secondary octylmethylamine, N-nonylmethylamine, N-2 secondary nonylmethylamine, N-decylmethylamine, N-2 secondary decylmethylamine, N-undecylmethylamine N-2 secondary undecylmethylamine, N-dodecylmethylamine, N-2 secondary dodecylmethylamine, N-tridecylmethylamine, N-isotridecylmethylamine, N-2 secondary tridecylmethylamine, N -Tetradecylmethylamine, N-pentadecylmethylamine, N-hexadecylmethylamine , N- stearyl methyl amine, N- oleyl methylamine, N- docosyl methyl amine, N- tallow-derived alkyl methyl amine, N- hardened tallow-derived alkyl methyl amine, N- soybean oil-derived alkyl methylamine, dibutylamineTheSecondary butylamine, ditertiarybutylamine, dipentylamine, diisopentylamine, disecondary pentylamine, dineopentylamine, ditertiarypentylamine, dihexylamine, disecondary hexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, diheptylamine, di-2 Secondary heptylamine, dibenzylamine, dioctylamine, bis (2-ethylhexyl) amine, disecondary octylamine, dinonylamine, disecondary nonylamine, didecylamine, disecondary decylamine, diundecylamine, disecondary undecylamine, Didodecylamine, disecondary dodecylamine, bis (tridecyl) amine, diisotridecylamine, disecondary tridecylamine, ditetradecylamine, dipentadecylamine, dihexadecylamine, distearylamine Dioleylamine, didocosylamine, bis (2-hexadecyl) amine, bis (2-octyldodecyl) amine, bis (2-decyltetradecyl) amine, di-tallow-derived alkylamine, di-cured tallow-derived alkylamine, di-soybean oil-derived alkyl Secondary amines such as aminesIsI can get lost.
[0018]
In the conventional molybdenum amine compound, the reaction ratio of molybdenum to amine was 1.0 to 4.0, while in the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention, the reaction ratio of molybdenum to amine was 0.2 to 0.00.8There is a feature in that. In general, in a reaction product of a metal compound and an amine, 1 to 6 molecules of amine react with 1 atom of metal atom. In the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention, an amine with respect to 1 atom of molybdenum.0.8 mol or lessNevertheless, a reaction product is obtained. Although the structure of the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention is not yet clear, it is confirmed by instrumental analysis such as IR analysis (infrared spectroscopic analysis) that the hexavalent inorganic molybdenum compound is not dispersed by amine. Can do. That is, in the case of a dispersion, IR absorption derived from the molybdenum compound used as a raw material should be detected. For example, molybdenum trioxide is reacted with an amine represented by the general formula (1). IR of the obtained molybdenum amine compound of the present invention is 990 cm derived from the raw material molybdenum trioxide.-1Absorption in the vicinity has disappeared, and the production of the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention can be confirmed.
[0019]
In the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention, the reaction ratio of molybdenum to amine is, 0. 2 to 0.8 are preferred, 0.25 to 0.7 are more preferred, and 0.3 to 0.6 are most preferred. When the reaction ratio is less than 0.2, the solubility in the lubricating oil is insufficient, and the molybdenum amine compound may be separated and precipitated at a low temperature.8If it exceeds 1, the compatibility with the sealing material will be insufficient.
[0020]
Here, as a rubber material that can be generally used as a sealing material, for example, acrylic rubber, ethylene acrylic rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, Isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber and terpolymer, ethylene propylene diene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, silicone rubber, methyl silicone rubber, methyl fluoride silicone rubber, fluoro rubber, tetrafluoroethylene / propylene rubber, four Fluorinated ethylene / propylene / vinylidene fluoride rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, norbornene rubber, polysulfide rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, natural rubber, polyurethane Tangomu, and the like. Among these rubber materials, acrylic rubber, silicon rubber, fluorine rubber, and nitrile rubber are commonly used as materials for oil seals for engines and the like. In addition to the above four materials, grease is used. Chloroprene rubber, polyurethane rubber and the like are used. Among the rubber materials used in these oil seals, the conventional molybdenum amine compound has deteriorated by curing especially acrylic rubber and nitrile rubber. However, the lubricant made of the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention is made of ciacryl rubber and nitrile. There are few adverse effects on many rubber materials used in oil seals, including rubber, and it is excellent in sealing material compatibility.
[0021]
Although the manufacturing method of the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, the compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom such as molybdenum trioxide is dissolved or dispersed in water and then represented by the general formula (1). When an amine is reacted, the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention can be obtained in good yield, which is preferable. The reaction between the hexavalent molybdenum compound and the amine compound is carried out between room temperature and 100 ° C. The reaction time is not particularly limited, but is about 0.5 to 3 hours, usually about 1 hour.
[0022]
In addition, when an alkali salt of molybdic acid is used as a compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom, after reacting with an amine, it is neutralized with an amount of mineral acid corresponding to the alkali of the alkali salt of molybdic acid to form It is preferable to remove the salt by washing with water because the yield of the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention is increased.
[0023]
Next, the lubricating composition of the present invention will be described. The lubricating composition of the present invention is obtained by blending the lubricant of the present invention with a lubricating base material. When the lubricant of the present invention is added to the lubricating base material, the addition amount is not particularly limited, but if the addition amount is too small, the friction reduction effect and the wear prevention effect are not sufficient, and if the addition amount is too large, sludge and There is a tendency to cause corrosion. In general, it is said that a molybdenum-based lubricant exhibits a wear resistance effect when the addition amount is relatively small and a friction reduction effect when the addition amount is relatively large. Therefore, the amount of the lubricant added according to the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, based on the base oil, when the lubricating base material is a base oil. More preferably, it is 0.1 to 2% by mass. When the lubricating base material is a base grease, the addition amount is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, and further preferably 1 to 10% by mass with respect to the base grease. It is.
[0024]
Here, the lubricating base material that can be used in the lubricating composition of the present invention is a base oil composed of mineral oil, synthetic oil or a mixture thereof, or a base compounded with a thickener in such a base oil. In addition to grease, water can also be used as a base material when used as an aqueous lubricating oil.
[0025]
When the lubricating composition of the present invention is used as a lubricating oil, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50 mm at 100 ° C.2/ Sec, 10 to 1,000 mm at 40 ° C2The viscosity index (VI) is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 120 or more, and most preferably 135 or more.
[0026]
Mineral oil that can be used as the base oil is separated from natural crude oil, and is produced by appropriately performing distillation, purification, and the like. The main component of mineral oil is hydrocarbon (many are paraffins), and other components such as 1-ring naphthene, 2-ring naphthene, and aromatics. Base oils that have been purified by hydrorefining, solvent dewaxing, solvent extraction, solvent dewaxing, hydrodewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrocracking, alkaline distillation, sulfuric acid washing, clay treatment, etc. are also preferably used. be able to. These purification means are performed in an appropriate combination, and it is effective to repeatedly perform the same process in a plurality of stages.
[0027]
For example, (A) Distilled oil is subjected to solvent extraction treatment, or hydrotreated after solvent extraction treatment and then washed with sulfuric acid, (B) Dewaxed oil is hydrotreated and then dewaxed, (C) Method of hydrotreating distillate oil after solvent extraction treatment, (D) Method of distillate oil being subjected to solvent extraction treatment and then clay treatment, (E) Distillate oil in two or more stages of hydrogen A method of performing an alkali treatment, or an alkali distillation or sulfuric acid washing treatment thereafter, (F) a method of subjecting a distillate to a hydrogenation treatment, or a hydrogenation treatment followed by an alkali distillation or a sulfuric acid washing treatment, or these treatments A method of mixing oil is effective.
[0028]
By performing these treatments, it is possible to remove aromatic components, sulfur content, nitrogen content and the like in the unrefined mineral oil. In the current technology, these impurities can be removed to a trace amount or less, but the aromatic component has the effect of easily dissolving the lubricating oil additive, so that about 3 to 5% by mass remains. There is also. For example, the sulfur content and nitrogen content in highly refined mineral oil currently used are 0.01% by mass or less, and in some cases 0.005% by mass or less. On the other hand, the aromatic component may be 1% by mass or less, in some cases 0.05% by mass or less, and in some cases, about 3% by mass remains.
[0029]
The synthetic oil that can be used as the base oil is a chemically synthesized lubricating oil such as poly-α-olefin, polyisobutylene (polybutene), diester, polyol ester, aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid. Examples include acid esters, phosphate esters, silicate esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyphenyl ethers, silicones, fluorinated compounds, and alkylbenzenes. Among these, poly-α-olefin, polyisobutylene (polybutene), diester, polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol, and the like can be used for general purposes, and can be preferably used for internal combustion engine oil, processing oil, and the like.
[0030]
Examples of the poly-α-olefin include those obtained by polymerizing or oligomerizing 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene or the like, or hydrogenating these. Is mentioned. Examples of the diester include dibasic acids such as dibasic acids such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid, and alcohols such as 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, and tridecanol. Examples of the polyol ester include neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and alkylene oxide adducts thereof, butyric acid, isobutyric acid And esters with fatty acids such as valeric acid, isovaleric acid, pivalic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. Examples of the polyalkylene glycol include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block or random copolymer mono- or dimethyl ether.
[0031]
Each of these synthetic oils is chemically synthesized and therefore is a single substance or a mixture of homologues. Therefore, for example, synthetic oils such as poly-α-olefin, polyisobutylene (polybutene), diester, polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol and the like are benzene and polycyclic condensed aromatic components such as thiophene contained in mineral oil as impurities. Such as sulfur, indole, carbazole and the like.
[0032]
The base grease is obtained by blending a thickener with the above base oil. Examples of the thickener include soap or complex soap thickeners, organic non-soap thickeners, and inorganic non-soap thickeners. Examples of soap thickeners include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, zomarinic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid and the like. Soaps made by reacting higher fatty acids with bases such as aluminum, barium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, etc., and further reacting acetic acid, benzoic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, etc. with the above fatty acids and bases And complex soap thickeners.
[0033]
Examples of organic non-soap thickeners include terephthalate thickeners, urea thickeners, fluorine based polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, and the like. System thickeners are preferred.
Examples of the urea thickener include, for example, a monourea compound obtained by reacting monoisocyanate and monoamine, a diurea compound obtained by reacting diisocyanate and monoamine, a urea urethane compound obtained by reacting diisocyanate, monoamine and monool, and diisocyanate. Examples include tetraurea compounds obtained by reacting diamine and monoisocyanate.
[0034]
Examples of the monoisocyanate include methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate, propyl isocyanate, hexyl isocyanate, octyl isocyanate, lauryl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate phenyl isocyanate, and tolylene isocyanate. Examples of the diisocyanate include hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 2,2′-dimethyldiphenylmethane-4,4. Examples include '-diisocyanate, biphenyl diisocyanate, and 3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate.
[0035]
Examples of the monoamine include octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, laurylamine, tridecylamine, myristylamine, palmitylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, phenylamine, toluylamine, cyclohexylamine and the like. Examples of the diamine include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, phenylenediamine, and diaminodiphenylmethane.
[0036]
Examples of monools include butanol, hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol, tridecanol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, phenol, cresol, and cyclohexanol.
[0037]
Examples of the inorganic non-soap thickener include montmorillonite, bentonite, silica airgel, boron nitride and the like.
These thickeners may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the thickener is not particularly limited, but it is usually preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the base grease composed of the base oil and the thickener. The consistency of the base grease composed of the base oil and the thickener is not particularly limited, but is usually about 100 to 500.
[0038]
The lubricating composition of the present invention comprising the lubricant of the present invention has excellent lubricity, but the lubricity is further improved by using a sulfur-containing compound in combination. Examples of the compound containing sulfur include (A1) a compound containing a phosphorus atom and a sulfur atom and not containing a metal atom; (A2) a compound containing a sulfur atom and not containing a metal atom; (A3) a sulfur atom. The organometallic compound to contain is mentioned.
[0039]
(A1) Examples of the compound containing a phosphorus atom and a sulfur atom and not containing a metal atom include trithiophosphite and thiophosphate. These compounds mainly improve lubricity, wear resistance, etc., but may also act as antioxidants.
(RS)ThreeExamples of the organic trithiophosphite represented by P include mono / di / tributyltrithiophosphite, mono / di / trihexyltrithiophosphite, mono / di / trioctyltrithiophosphite, mono / di / tri (2- Ethylhexyl) trithiophosphite, mono / di / trinonyl trithiophosphite, mono / di / tridecyl trithiophosphite, mono / di / trilauryl trithiophosphite, mono / di / trimyristyltrithiophosphite, mono / di / Tripalmityl trithiophosphite, mono / di / tristearyl trithiophosphite, mono / di / trioleyl trithiophosphite, mono / di / triphenyl trithiophosphite, mono / di / tricresyl trithiophosphite, etc. It is done.
[0040]
(RO)ThreeExamples of the organic thiophosphate represented by P = S include mono / di / tributyl thiophosphate, mono / di / trihexyl thiophosphate, mono / di / trioctyl thiophosphate, and mono / di / tri (2-ethylhexyl). Thiophosphate, mono / di / trinonyl thiophosphate, mono / di / tridecyl thiophosphate, mono / di / trilauryl thiophosphate, mono / di / trimyristyl thiophosphate, mono / di / tripalmityl thiophosphate, mono / Di / tristearyl thiophosphate, mono / di / trioleyl thiophosphate, mono / di / triphenyl thiophosphate, mono / di / tricresyl thiophosphate and the like.
Dithiophosphoric acid dimers can also be used.
[0041]
(A2) Examples of compounds containing sulfur atoms and not containing metal atoms include compounds derived from fats and oils such as sulfided lard, sulfided fish oil, sulfided whale oil, sulfided soybean oil, sulfided pinene oil, sulfided gypsum oil, and sulfurized fatty acid. In addition to those obtained by sulfidizing double bonds, polyolefin sulfides such as elemental sulfur, organic mono- or polysulfide, and isobutylene, 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, thiuram disulfide, dithiocarbamate, and the like can be given.
[0042]
The following general formula (A2-1)
RSx-R (A2-1)
Examples of the organic mono or polysulfide represented by dimethyl mono / di / polysulfide, diethyl mono / di / polysulfide, dipropyl mono / di / polysulfide, diisopropyl mono / di / polysulfide, dibutyl mono / di / polysulfide, diisobutyl mono / di / Polysulfide, ditertiary butyl mono / di / polysulfide, dipentyl mono / di / polysulfide, diisopentyl mono / di / polysulfide, dineopentyl mono / di / polysulfide, ditertiary pentyl mono / di / polysulfide, dihexyl mono / di / Polysulfide, diheptyl mono / di / polysulfide, dioctyl mono / di / polysulfide, di-2-ethylhexyl mono / di / polysulfide, di Nylmono / di / polysulfide, ditertinonylmono / di / polysulfide, didecylmono / di / polysulfide, diundecylmono / di / polysulfide, didodecylmono / di / polysulfide, ditridecylmono / di / polysulfide, diisotridecylmono / di / polysulfide, Ditetradecyl mono / di / polysulfide, dihexadecyl mono / di / polysulfide, distearyl mono / di / polysulfide, diisostearyl mono / di / polysulfide, dioleyl mono / di / polysulfide, diicosyl mono / di / polysulfide, didocosyl mono / di / Polysulfide, ditetracosyl mono / di / polysulfide, ditriacontyl mono / di / polysulfide, diphenyl mono / di / Resulfide, ditoluyl mono / di / polysulfide, dixylyl mono / di / polysulfide, dicumenyl mono / di / polysulfide, dimesityl mono / di / polysulfide, dibenzyl mono / di / polysulfide, diphenethyl mono / di / polysulfide, distyryl mono / di / polysulfide, dicinnamyl mono / Polysulfide, dibenzhydryl mono / di / polysulfide, ditrityl mono / di / polysulfide, di (ethylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (propylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (butylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide , Di (pentylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (hexylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (heptylph) Enyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (octylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (nonylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (decylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (undecylphenyl) mono / di / Polysulfide, di (dodecylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (phenylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (benzylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (styrenated phenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di ( p-cumylphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, dicyclopentyl mono / di / polysulfide, dicyclohexyl mono / di / polysulfide, dicycloheptyl mono / di / polysulfide, dimethylcyclopentyl mono / di / polysulfide Dihydrocarbyl sulfide such as dimethylcyclohexyl mono / di / polysulfide, dimethylcycloheptyl mono / di / polysulfide; di (ethylhydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (propylhydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (butyl Hydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (pentylhydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (hexylhydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (heptylhydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (octylhydroxyphenyl) ) Mono / di / polysulfide, di (nonylhydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di (decylhydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide Di (undecyl hydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide, di dihydrocarbyl phenol sulfide such as (dodecyl hydroxyphenyl) mono / di / polysulfide and the like.
[0043]
The 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative has the following general formula (A2-2)
[Formula 4]
(In the formula, R represents a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group containing a sulfur atom.)
It is represented by
In the general formula (A2-2), examples of the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon group include 5-thianonyl, 2,5-dithianonyl, 3,4-dithiahexyl, 4,5-dithiahexyl, 3,4,5-trimethyl. Thiaheptyl, 3,4,5,6-tetrathiaoctyl, 5-thia-2-heptenyl, 4-thiacyclohexyl, 1,4-dithianaphthyl, 5- (methylthio) octyl, 4- (ethylthio) -2-pentenyl 4- (methylthio) cyclohexyl, 4-mercaptophenyl, 4- (methylthio) phenyl, 4- (hexylthio) benzyl, stearyldithio, lauryldithio, octyldithio, stearylthio, laurylthio, octylthio, N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl Among them, 2-4 sulfur atoms are continuously bonded. Group is particularly preferred.
[0044]
Thiuram disulfide has the following general formula (A2-3)
[Chemical formula 5]
(R represents a hydrocarbon group, and R 'represents a sulfur atom, a divalent hydrocarbon group, or a divalent hydrocarbon group containing a sulfur atom).
In general formula (A2-3), R ′ represents —S (—S).nA group represented by-(where n is 0 or a number of 1 or more), a methylene group, -S (-S);n(-CH2)n-S (-S)n-The group etc. which are represented by-(However, n is the same or different 0 or 1 or more.) Are mentioned. R is preferably a chain hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms.
[0045]
The dithiocarbamic acid ester is represented by the following general formula (A2-4)
[Chemical 6]
(R represents a hydrocarbon group, R ′ represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a group represented by COOR ″, and R ″ represents a hydrocarbon group.)
It is represented by
[0046]
(A3) Examples of organometallic compounds containing sulfur atoms include dithiophosphate metal salts, dithiocarbamic acid metal salts, mercaptobenzothiazole metal salts, mercaptobenzimidazole metal salts, and benzamidothiophenol metal salts. Metal atoms include, for example, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, titanium, zinc, lead, tin, iron, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, strontium, titanium, vanadium, copper, antimony, bismuth, molybdenum, tungsten Is mentioned.
[0047]
Among the compounds containing sulfur atoms, (A3) organometallic compounds containing sulfur atoms are preferred because they are excellent in the lubricity improving effect of the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention. The molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound represented by 1), the molybdenum dithiophosphate compound represented by the general formula (A3-2) and the zinc dithiophosphate compound represented by the general formula (3) are preferred, and the zinc dithio represented by the general formula (3) The phosphate compound is most preferable because it itself exhibits a friction reducing effect and an antioxidant effect.
[0048]
[Chemical 7]
(In the formula, R and R 'each represent a hydrocarbon group, and X each independently represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom.)
[Chemical 8]
(In the formula, R represents a hydrocarbon group, and each X independently represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom.)
[Chemical 9]
(Wherein RThreeAnd RFourRepresents a hydrocarbon group, and a represents a number of 0 to 1/3. )
[0049]
In the general formula (2), RThreeAnd RFourIs a hydrocarbon group, for example, R in the general formula (1)1And the hydrocarbon groups mentioned above. Among these, a C3-C14 alkyl group is preferable. RThreeAnd RFourTwo or more different zinc dithiophosphate compounds may be used in combination. a is 0 to 1/3. When a = 0, it is called neutral zinc dithiophosphate, and when a = 1/3, it is called basic zinc dithiophosphate.
[0050]
In the lubricating composition of the present invention, when a sulfur-containing compound is added to the lubricating base material, the addition amount is not particularly limited, but it is a certain amount for improving the lubricity of the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention. On the other hand, since a problem of metal corrosion may occur when it is added in a large amount, it is about 0.1 to 15% by mass with respect to the lubricating base material.
[0051]
In addition, the lubricating composition of the present invention contains (B1) a metal detergent; (B2) an ashless dispersant; (B3) a compound containing phosphorus atoms and not containing sulfur; Antioxidant; (B5) Oiliness improver not containing metal atom, phosphorus atom and sulfur atom; (B6) Rust inhibitor, (B7) Viscosity index improver; (B8) Metal deactivator; (B10) Solid lubricant; (B11) An organometallic compound not containing a sulfur atom can be used in combination.
[0052]
Examples of (B1) metal detergents include metal sulfonates, metal phenates, metal salicylates, and metal phosphonates. Examples of the metal sulfonate include (mono or di) alkylbenzene sulfonic acid metal salt, (mono or di) alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid metal salt, petroleum sulfonic acid metal salt, and the like. Examples of the metal phenate include (mono or di) alkylphenol metal salt, thiobis {(mono or di) alkylphenol} metal salt, methylenebis {(mono or di) alkylphenol} metal salt, and the like. Examples of the metal salicylates include (mono or di) alkyl salicylic acid metal salts, thiobis {(mono or di) alkyl salicylic acid} metal salts, methylene bis {(mono or di) alkyl salicylic acid} metal salts, and the like.
As a metal atom, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is preferable, and calcium, magnesium, and barium are more preferable.
The above-mentioned compounds are generally neutral salts, but as a metal detergent, basic or basified with a metal oxide or metal hydroxide while blowing carbon dioxide into these neutral salts or Overbased ones are preferably used. Overbased products are usually contained in the form of carbonates. The total base number (TBN) of these basic or overbased metal detergents is generally about 100 to 500 mg KOH / g.
Most preferred among these metal detergents are neutral, basic or overbased calcium salicylates or calcium sulfonates.
(B1) The preferable compounding quantity of the metal detergent which is a component is about 0.5-15 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0053]
(B2) Examples of the ashless dispersant include succinimide, benzylamine, succinic acid ester, and boron-modified products thereof. Examples of the succinimide include the following general formula (B2-1) and general formula (B2-2).
Embedded image
(Wherein R represents a polyalkenyl group such as a polybutenyl group, and n represents a number of about 1 to 10) or the following general formula (B2-2)
Embedded image
(In the formula, R represents a polyalkenyl group such as a polybutenyl group, and n represents a number of about 1 to 10.)
In General Formula (B2-1) and General Formula (B2-2), the molecular weight of the polyalkenyl group is usually about 300 to 4,000. N is preferably 2 to 5.
[0054]
Examples of benzylamine (Mannich reaction product) include the following general formula (B2-3).
Embedded image
(In the formula, R represents a polyalkenyl group such as a polybutenyl group, and n represents a number of about 1 to 10.)
In the general formula (B2-3), the molecular weight of the polyalkenyl group is usually about 300 to 4,000. N is preferably 2 to 5.
[0055]
Examples of the succinic acid ester include the following general formula (B2-4) or general formula (B2-5).
Embedded image
(Wherein R represents a polyalkenyl group such as a polybutenyl group, and R ′ represents a residue obtained by removing one hydroxyl group from a monool or polyol) or the following general formula (B2-5)
Embedded image
(In the formula, R represents a polyalkenyl group such as a polybutenyl group, and R ′ represents a residue obtained by removing two hydroxyl groups from a polyol.)
In the general formulas (B2-4) and (B2-5), the molecular weight of the polyalkenyl group is usually about 300 to 4,000.
[0056]
Examples of the boron-modified product of the above compound include those in which the following substituent (B2-6) or general formula (B2-7) is coordinated to the arrow portion of the above general formula.
Embedded image
Embedded image
Among these ashless dispersants, preferred is succinimide or a boron-modified product thereof, and monosuccinimide represented by the general formula (B2-1) is particularly preferable.
The amount of the ashless dispersant as the component (B2) is not particularly limited, but if the addition amount is too small, the friction reduction effect at the initial stage of use is not sufficient, and if the addition amount is too large, the friction reduction effect is inhibited. There is. Therefore, the preferable compounding quantity of (B2) component is about 0.5-10 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0057]
(B3) Examples of the compound containing a phosphorus atom and not containing a sulfur atom include organic phosphorus compounds such as phosphine, phosphine oxide, phosphinite, phosphonite, phosphinate, phosphite, phosphonate, phosphate, and phosphoramidate. . These compounds mainly improve lubricity, wear resistance, etc., but may also act as antioxidants.
(R)ThreeExamples of the organic phosphine represented by P include tributylphosphine, trihexylphosphine, trioctylphosphine, tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphine, trinonylphosphine, tridecylphosphine, trilaurylphosphine, trimyristylphosphine, and tripalmitylphosphine. , Tristearylphosphine, trioleylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, tricresylphosphine and the like. (R)2P- (CH2)n-P (R)2Examples of the alkylidene bisphosphine represented by the formula: ), Methylenebis (dilaurylphosphine), methylenebis (dimyristylphosphine), methylenebis (dipalmitylphosphine), methylenebis (distearylphosphine), methylenebis (dioleylphosphine), methylenebis (diphenylphosphine), methylenebis (dicresylphosphine) Etc.
[0058]
(R)ThreeExamples of the organic phosphine oxide represented by P = O include tributylphosphine oxide, trihexylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine oxide, tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphine oxide, trinonylphosphine oxide, tridecylphosphine oxide, trilaurylphosphine. Examples thereof include oxide, trimyristyl phosphine oxide, tripalmityl phosphine oxide, tristearyl phosphine oxide, trioleyl phosphine oxide, triphenyl phosphine oxide, and tricresyl phosphine oxide.
[0059]
(RO)ThreeExamples of the organic phosphite represented by P include mono, di, or tri (hereinafter, mono, di, or tri is abbreviated as mono / di / tri) butyl phosphite, mono / di / trihexyl phosphite. Phyto, mono / di / trioctyl phosphite, mono / di / tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, mono / di / trinonyl phosphite, mono / di / tridecyl phosphite, mono / di / trilauryl phosphite , Mono / di / trimyristyl phosphite, mono / di / tripalmityl phosphite, mono / di / tristearyl phosphite, mono / di / trioleyl phosphite, mono / di / triphenyl phosphite, mono / di / Tricresyl phosphite and the like. Examples of other phosphites include pentaerythritol diphosphite, pentaerythritol tetraphosphite, alkylidene bisphosphite, and the like.
[0060]
(RO)ThreeExamples of the organic phosphate represented by P═O include mono / di / tributyl phosphate, mono / di / trihexyl phosphate, mono / di / trioctyl phosphate, mono / di / tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, Di / trinonyl phosphate, mono / di / tridecyl phosphate, mono / di / trilauryl phosphate, mono / di / trimyristyl phosphate, mono / di / tripalmityl phosphate, mono / di / tristearyl phosphate, mono / di / Trioleyl phosphate, mono / di / triphenyl phosphate, mono / di / tricresyl phosphate and the like. Moreover, the phosphate which has a polyoxyalkylene group, for example, the phosphate of a lauryl alcohol ethylene oxide and / or a propylene oxide adduct, etc. are mentioned.
[0061]
Of these phosphates, mono- or diphosphate is called an acidic phosphate ester, and may be used after neutralization with a base such as an alkali or an amine. Examples of the alkali include metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide. Examples of the amine include ammonia; methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, (iso) propylamine, di (iso) propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, cetylamine, Alkylamines such as coconut alkylamine, soybean oil-derived alkylamine, beef tallow-derived alkylamine, oleylamine, stearylamine; monoethanolamine, N-methylmonoethanolamine, N-ethylmonoethanolamine, diethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, amino ester Alkanolamines such as ruethanolamine, N, N, N ′, N′-tetrakis (hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N, N, N ′, N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine or alkylene oxide addition thereof N-butyldiethanolamine, N-hexyldiethanolamine, N-octyldiethanolamine, N-decyldiethanolamine, N-coconut alkyldiethanolamine, N-soybean oil-derived alkyldiethanolamine, N-beef tallow-derived alkyldiethanolamine, N-oleyldiethanolamine, N- Stearyl diethanolamine, N, N-dibutylmonoethanolamine, N, N-dihexylmonoethanolamine, N, N-dioctylmonoethanolamine, N, N-dideci Monoethanolamine, N, N-bis (coconut alkyl) monoethanolamine, N, N-bis (soybean oil-derived alkyl) monoethanolamine, N, N-bis (beef tallow-derived alkyl) monoethanolamine, N-dioleylmono N-long chain alkyl alkanolamines such as ethanolamine and N-distearyl monoethanolamine, or alkylene oxide adducts thereof may be mentioned. Examples of the phosphoramidate include those obtained by condensation reaction of the above phosphate and the above amine.
(B3) The preferable compounding quantity of the compound which contains the phosphorus atom which is a component, and does not contain a sulfur atom is about 0.1-10 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0062]
Examples of (B4) antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants, amine-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, and the like.
Examples of phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert.-butylphenol (hereinafter, tert.-butyl is abbreviated as t-butyl), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol. 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol, 4,4′-methylenebis ( 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis (2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2 '-Methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) 4,4′-isopropylidenebis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6) -Nonylphenol), 2,2'-isobutylidenebis (4,6-dimethylphenol), 2,6-bis (2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-methylbenzyl) -4-methyl Phenol, 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 2-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, stearyl 3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionate, 3- (4 -Hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) oleyl propionate, dodecyl 3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionate , Decyl 3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionate, octyl 3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionate, tetrakis {3- ( 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionyloxymethyl} methane, 3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionic acid glycerin monoester, 3- (4- Hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionic acid and glycerol monooleyl ether, 3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionic acid butylene glycol ester, 3- (4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) propionic acid thiodiglycol ester, 4,4′-thiobis (3-me 6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-thiobis (2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-thiobis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,6-di -T-butyl-α-dimethylamino-p-cresol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4- (N, N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol), bis (3,5-di-t-butyl- 4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tris {(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl-oxyethyl} isocyanurate, tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) isocyanate Nurate, 1,3,5-tris (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, bis {2-methyl-4- (3-n-alkylthiopro) Pionyloxy) -5-tert-butylphenyl} sulfide, 1,3,5-tris (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, tetraphthaloyl-di (2,6- Dimethyl-4-t-butyl-3-hydroxybenzyl sulfide), 6- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino) -2,4-bis (octylthio) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,2-thio- {diethyl-bis-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)} propionate, N, N'-hexamethylenebis (3,5-di-t-butyl -4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamide), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl-phosphate diester, bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl) Zyl) sulfide, 3,9-bis [1,1-dimethyl-2- {β- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyloxy} ethyl] -2,4,8,10 -Tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecane, 1,1,3-tris (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl) butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6- Tris (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene, bis {3,3′-bis- (4′-hydroxy-3′-t-butylphenyl) butyric acid} glycol ester, etc. Can be mentioned.
[0063]
Examples of amine-based antioxidants include 1-naphthylamine, phenyl-1-naphthylamine, p-octylphenyl-1-naphthylamine, p-nonylphenyl-1-naphthylamine, p-dodecylphenyl-1-naphthylamine, and phenyl-2. -Naphthylamine antioxidants such as naphthylamine; N, N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-diisobutyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N ' -Di-β-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N'-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N '-Phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, dioctyl-p Phenylenediamine antioxidants such as phenylenediamine, phenylhexyl-p-phenylenediamine, phenyloctyl-p-phenylenediamine; dipyridylamine, diphenylamine, p, p'-di-n-butyldiphenylamine, p, p'-di -T-butyldiphenylamine, p, p'-di-t-pentyldiphenylamine, p, p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, p, p'-dinonyldiphenylamine, p, p'-didecyldiphenylamine, p, p'-di Diphenylamines such as dodecyldiphenylamine, p, p'-distyryldiphenylamine, p, p'-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 4,4'-bis (4-α, α-dimethylbenzoyl) diphenylamine, p-isopropoxydiphenylamine, dipyridylamine Antioxidant; phenothiazine, N- methyl phenothiazine, N- ethylphenothiazine, 3,7-dioctylphenothiazine, phenothiazine carboxylate ester, phenothiazine-based antioxidants such as phenol Serena gin and the like.
[0064]
Examples of sulfur-based antioxidants include dioctyl thiodipropionate, didecyl thiodipropionate, dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, lauryl stearyl thiodipropionate. , Dimyristylthiodipropionate, distearyl-β, β′-thiodibutyrate, (3-octylthiopropionic acid) pentaerythritol tetraester, (3-decylthiopropionic acid) pentaerythritol tetraester, (3-lauryl (Thiopropionic acid) pentaerythritol tetraester, (3-stearylthiopropionic acid) pentaerythritol tetraester, (3-oleylthiopropionic acid) pentaerythritol tetraester, (3-lauryl thi Opropionic acid) -4,4′-thiodi (3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-phenol) ester, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptomethylbenzimidazole, 2-benzimidazole disulfide, dilauryl sulfide And amylthioglycolate.
When the lubricating base material is a lubricating base oil, the blending amount of the antioxidant as the component (B4) is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0. It is 1-5 mass%, Most preferably, it is 0.1-2 mass%. When the lubricating base material is a base grease, the addition amount is preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and most preferably 0.5 to 5% with respect to the base grease. % By mass.
[0065]
The component (B5) is an oiliness improver that does not contain a metal atom, a phosphorus atom, or a sulfur atom. For example, fatty acids such as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, pelargonic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid; flaxseed oil, eno oil, jute oil, Olive oil, cacao butter, kapok oil, white mustard oil, sesame oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, shea nut oil, cinnabar oil, soybean oil, tea seed oil, camellia oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, Castor oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, tree wax, peanut oil, horse fat, beef tallow, beef leg fat, beef tallow, pork fat, goat fat, sheep fat, milk fat, fish oil, whale oil, etc. or their hydrides Or partially saponified products; epoxidized oils and fats such as epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil; epoxies such as butyl epoxy stearate and octyl epoxy stearate Esters; dibasic acids such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and dimer acid; hydroxystearic acid such as ricinoleic acid (castor oil fatty acid) and 12-hydroxystearic acid A polycondensate of the above or an ester of the polycondensate with a fatty acid; a higher alcohol such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol; laurylamine, myristylamine, palmitylamine, stearylamine, Higher amines such as oleylamine and behenylamine; higher amides such as laurylamide, myristylamide, palmitylamide, stearylamide, oleylamide, and behenylamide; lauryl diethanolamide, myris Diethanolamides such as rudiethanolamide, palmityl diethanolamide, stearyl diethanolamide, oleyl diethanolamide, behenyl diethanolamide; hexanoic acid mono / di / triglyceride, octanoic acid mono / di / triglyceride, decanoic acid mono / di / triglyceride, lauric acid Glycerides such as acid mono / di / triglyceride, myristic acid mono / di / triglyceride, palmitic acid mono / di / triglyceride, stearic acid mono / di / triglyceride, oleic acid mono / di / triglyceride, behenic acid mono / di / triglyceride; Hexanoic acid polyglycerin ester, octanoic acid polyglycerin ester, decanoic acid polyglycerin ester, lauric acid polyglycerin ester, myristic acid polyglycerin ester Polyglycerin esters such as tellurium, palmitic acid polyglycerin ester, stearic acid polyglycerin ester, oleic acid polyglycerin ester, behenic acid polyglycerin ester; hexanoic acid sorbitan ester, octanoic acid sorbitan ester, decanoic acid sorbitan ester, lauric acid sorbitan ester Sorbitan esters such as sorbitan ester, myristic acid sorbitan ester, palmitic acid sorbitan ester, stearic acid sorbitan ester, oleic acid sorbitan ester, behenic acid sorbitan ester; (poly) glycerin monooctyl ether, (poly) glycerin monodecyl ether, (poly) glycerin Monolauryl ether, (poly) glycerin monooleyl ether, (poly) glycerin monostearyl ether (Poly) glycerol ether, ethylene oxide to the above compounds, propylene oxide, such as those obtained by adding α- olefin oxide, such as dodecane-1,2-oxide. (B5) The preferable compounding quantity of the oiliness improver which does not contain the metal atom which is a component, a phosphorus atom, and a sulfur atom is about 0.05-15 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0066]
(B6) A component is a rust preventive agent. For example, sulfonate exemplified in the metal detergent, sodium nitrite, oxidized paraffin wax calcium salt, oxidized paraffin wax magnesium salt, beef tallow fatty acid alkali metal salt, alkaline earth metal salt or amine salt, alkenyl succinic acid or alkenyl succinic acid half Examples include esters (the molecular weight of the alkenyl group is about 100 to 300), sorbitan monoesters, pentaerythritol monoesters, glycerol monoesters, nonylphenol ethoxylates, lanolin fatty acid esters, lanolin fatty acid calcium salts, and the like. The preferable compounding quantity of the rust preventive agent which is (B6) component is about 0.1-15 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0067]
Component (B7) is a viscosity index improver. For example, poly (C1-18) alkyl methacrylate, (C1-18) alkyl acrylate / (C1-18) alkyl methacrylate copolymer, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate / (C1-18) alkyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene / (C1- 18) Alkyl methacrylate copolymer, polyisobutylene, polyalkyl styrene, ethylene / propylene copolymer, styrene / maleic ester copolymer, styrene / maleic amide copolymer, styrene / butadiene hydrogenated copolymer, styrene / Isoprene hydrogenated copolymer. The average molecular weight is about 10,000 to 1,500,000. (B7) The preferable compounding quantity of the viscosity index improver which is a component is about 0.1-20 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0068]
The component (B8) is a metal deactivator. For example, N, N′-salicylidene-1,2-propanediamine, alizarin, tetraalkylthiuram disulfide, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazole, 2- (N, N -Dialkyldithiocarbamoyl) benzothiazole, 2,5-bis (alkyldithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis (N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazole Can be mentioned. (B8) The preferable compounding quantity of the metal deactivator which is a component is about 0.01-5 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0069]
(B9) A component is an antifoamer. For example, polydimethyl silicone, trifluoropropylmethyl silicone, colloidal silica, polyalkyl acrylate, polyalkyl methacrylate, alcohol ethoxy / propoxylate, fatty acid ethoxy / propoxylate, sorbitan partial fatty acid ester and the like can be mentioned. (B9) The preferable compounding quantity of the antifoamer which is a component is about 0.001-1 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0070]
The component (B10) is a solid lubricant. For example, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, fatty acid alkaline earth metal salt, mica, cadmium dichloride, cadmium diiodide, calcium fluoride, lead iodide, lead oxide, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, aluminum silicate , Antimony oxide, cerium fluoride, polyethylene, diamond powder, silicon nitride, boron nitride fluorocarbon, melamine isocyanurate and the like. A preferable blending amount of the solid lubricant as the component (B10) is about 0.005 to 2% by mass with respect to the lubricating base material.
[0071]
(B11) The organometallic compound containing no sulfur atom and phosphorus atom improves wear resistance and antioxidant properties. Specifically, for example, fatty acid such as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, pelargonic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or lithium of naphthenic acid Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, titanium, zinc, lead, tin, iron, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, strontium, titanium, vanadium, copper, antimony, bismuth, molybdenum, tungsten salt, and the like. The fatty acid preferably has about 12 to 18 carbon atoms. (B11) The preferable compounding quantity of the organometallic compound which does not contain a sulfur atom and a phosphorus atom is about 0.01-5 mass% with respect to a lubricous base material.
[0072]
Each of the above components (B1) to (B11) can be appropriately combined with one or more. When the lubricating composition of the present invention is used as a lubricating oil for an internal combustion engine, it is preferable to blend at least (B1) a metal detergent.
[0073]
The alkali metal content in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably 0.02% by mass or less, and 0.01% by mass or less in terms of the total amount of alkali metals contained in the lubricating composition. It is more preferable. When the alkali metal is mixed in the lubricating composition, generally, when the alkali metal is used as a catalyst, a raw material, etc. in the separation, refining, and synthesis processes of the base oil, these removals are not completely performed. Is mentioned. In addition, in the synthesis step of the lubricating oil additive, alkali metals or salts thereof are often used as raw materials and catalysts, and there are cases where they are not completely removed. An amine molybdate often uses an inorganic substance containing an alkali metal during its production process. Furthermore, the case where sodium nitrite or sodium sulfonate is used as a rust preventive agent, or an alkali metal compound is added as a detergent-dispersant is also included.
[0074]
The lubricating composition of the present invention can be used for lubrication in any application. For example, industrial lubricating oil, turbine oil, machine oil, bearing oil, compressor oil, hydraulic oil, hydraulic oil, internal combustion engine oil, refrigerating machine oil, gear oil, automatic transmission oil (ATF), continuously variable continuously variable transmission Examples include oil (CVTF), transaxle fluid, and metalworking oil. It can also be used by adding to various greases such as plain bearings, rolling bearings, gears, universal joints, torque limiters, constant velocity joints for automobiles (CVJ), ball joints, wheel bearings, constant speed gears, and transmission gears. .
[0075]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In the following examples,% is based on mass unless otherwise specified.
In addition, each component used for the test is as follows.
<Molybdenum amine (MoAm) compound>
The following MoAm1 to Molybdenum amine compounds7It was used. In addition, MoAm1-4Is the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention, MoAm5~7Is a comparative molybdenum amine compound. The results of the reaction are shown in Table 1.
(MoAm1)
A glass reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a dropping funnel, a thermometer and a nitrogen introduction tube was charged with 1 mol of molybdenum trioxide and 540 g of water, and stirred under a nitrogen stream to disperse the molybdenum trioxide. Thereafter, 0.8 mol of di-n-octylamine was added dropwise over 1 hour while maintaining the temperature at 50 to 60 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, and after aging at the same temperature for 1 hour, stirring was stopped. As a result of standing and visually observing, the molybdenum trioxide powder dispersed in water disappeared, and the reaction solution was separated into two layers consisting of an aqueous layer and an oil layer. Thereafter, the aqueous layer was separated, and the oil layer was depressurized to 100 kPa or less at 1.4 kPa or less to remove moisture, thereby obtaining a light blue oily MoAm1. Further, in the IR analysis of MoAm1 (FIG. 1), 990 cm derived from molybdenum trioxide.-1Since absorption in the vicinity disappeared, it was confirmed that the raw material molybdenum trioxide was completely reacted.
(MoAm2)
MoAm2 was obtained in the same manner as MoAm1 except that 0.6 mol of tri-n-octylamine was used instead of 0.8 mol of di-n-octylamine. By conducting IR analysis of MoAm2, it was confirmed that the starting molybdenum trioxide was completely reacted.
(MoAm3)
MoAm3 was obtained in the same manner as MoAm1 except that 0.4 mol of ditridecylamine was used instead of 0.8 mol of di-n-octylamine. IR analysis of MoAm3 confirmed that the starting molybdenum trioxide was completely reacted.
(MoAm4)
MoAm4 was obtained in the same manner as MoAm1, except that 0.2 mol of mono-tallow derived alkylamine was used instead of 0.8 mol of di-n-octylamine. IR analysis of MoAm4 confirmed that the raw material molybdenum trioxide was completely reacted..
(MoAm5: Comparative example)
MoAm was the same as MoAm1 except that 1 mol of ditridecylamine was used instead of 0.8 mol of di-n-octylamine.5Got. MoAm5From the IR analysis, it was confirmed that the starting molybdenum trioxide was completely reacted.
(MoAm6: Comparative example)
MoAm was the same as MoAm1 except that 0.8 mol of di-n-octylamine was used instead of 2 mol of di-n-octylamine.6Got. MoAm6From the IR analysis, it was confirmed that the starting molybdenum trioxide was completely reacted.
(MoAm7: Comparative example)
In the same manner as MoAm1, except that 0.1 mol of ditridecylamine was used instead of 0.8 mol of di-n-octylamine.7Got. MoAm7From the IR analysis, it was confirmed that the starting molybdenum trioxide was completely reacted.
[0076]
[Table 1]
[0077]
<Compound containing sulfur>
(S compound 1)
In the general formula (2), RThree= RFourZinc dithiophosphate where 2-ethylhexyl group, neutral salt / basic salt = 95/5.
(S compound 2)
In the general formula (2), RThree= RFour= Zinc dithiophosphate with dodecyl group, neutral salt / basic salt = 95/5.
(S compound 3)
2,5-Dioctyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole
[0078]
<Base oil>
Mineral oil based high VI oil. Kinematic viscosity 5.6mm2/ Second (100 ° C.), 33.0 mm2/ Sec (40 ° C.), viscosity index (VI) = 109.
<Base grease>
Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C is 6mm2A base grease having a consistency of 300 at 25 ° C. in which an aliphatic amine-based urea compound is uniformly dispersed in refined mineral oil at a rate of 1 / sec.
[0079]
<Sealant compatibility test>
Invention product MoAm1 ~4And comparative product MoAm5~7In order to examine the compatibility of the sealing material, a test oil prepared by dissolving 1% by mass of each molybdenum amine compound in a base oil is used in accordance with the automotive standard JASO F401-95 (oil seal) by the following method. A rubber material immersion test was conducted. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. For reference, the acceptance criteria specified in JASO F401-95 are listed in the table.
Test specimens: Four kinds of rubbers, nitrile rubber, acrylic rubber, silicon rubber, and fluororubber, were used that were processed into a rectangle of 20 × 50 × 2.00 mm and a dumbbell type No. 3.
Immersion conditions: A test piece was immersed in a test oil and stored at 120 ° C. for 200 hours for nitrile rubber and at 150 ° C. for 200 hours for other rubber materials. In addition, although the test time is 70 hours in JASO F 401-95, this test was performed with the time extended.
Evaluation methods
Volume change: By measuring the width, length, and thickness of the rectangular test piece, the volume of the test piece was obtained, and the volume change rate was obtained from the test piece volume before and after the immersion test.
Elongation change: The maximum load until the dumbbell-shaped No. 3 specimen was cut was measured, and the change rate of the maximum load before and after the immersion test was defined as the elongation change rate.
Change in hardness: The hardness of a rectangular test piece before and after immersion was measured using an A-type spring type hardness tester, and the difference in hardness was taken as the change in hardness.
[0080]
[Table 2]
[0081]
[Table 3]
[0082]
Molybdenum / amine reaction ratio of 0.9 or less (MoAm1-4And MoAm7) Has less influence on the rubber material before and after the test than when the reaction ratio is 1.0 abnormal. This indicates that a molybdenum / amine reaction ratio of 0.9 or less has good sealing material compatibility as a lubricating composition.
[0083]
<Solubility test>
The test oil used for the rubber material test was put into a 100 mL glass bottle with a lid and stored in a thermostatic bath at −5 ° C. for 30 days. Then, the solubility was visually evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 4.
○: No precipitation is observed and the solubility is excellent.
Δ: Slight precipitation is observed at the bottom of the glass bottle, which is slightly inferior in solubility.
X: Precipitation is clearly seen and solubility is inferior.
[0084]
[Table 4]
[0085]
Molybdenum and amine reaction ratio of 0.1 (MoAm7) Was insufficient in solubility, but others showed good solubility.
[0086]
<Lubricity test 1>
Each component is blended with the base oil with the composition shown in Table 5 below.14And the lubricating compositions of Comparative Examples 1-7 were prepared. With respect to these lubricating compositions, the average friction coefficient and the ball wear scar diameter were measured with a shell type high-speed four-ball tester under the conditions of a load of 30 kg, a room temperature, a rotation speed of 1,500 rpm, and a time of 10 minutes. The results are shown in Table 5. In addition, about these lubricating compositions, when the alkali metal content was calculated | required by atomic absorption analysis, all were 0.01 mass% or less.
[0087]
[Table 5]
[0088]
Lubricating compositions containing no molybdenum amine compound (Comparative Example 7) and lubricating compositions containing a molybdenum amine compound (Examples 1 to14And Comparative Examples 1 to 6) all have a small wear scar diameter and exhibit good wear resistance. Looking at the friction coefficient, lubrication with molybdenum amine compoundsexAll the compositions have a reduced coefficient of friction, and in this, MoAm in which the reaction ratio of molybdenum to amine is 1 or more5Or MoAm6In Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 containing 0.1% by mass, the friction coefficient is slightly high. This indicates that the molybdenum amine compound of the present invention can exert a large friction reducing effect even when added in a relatively small amount, as compared with the conventional molybdenum amine compound.
[0089]
<Lubricity test 2>
Each component was blended with the base grease with the composition shown in Table 6 below.15~28And Comparative Examples 8 to11The grease compositions were prepared, and the friction coefficient of these grease compositions was measured in a point contact state of a ball-on-plate using an SRV tester. That is, the upper ball (φ10 mm) was set on a plate (φ24 × 6.85 mm), and the friction coefficient was measured by reciprocating vibration. The material of the ball and plate was SUJ-2. Detailed conditions are as follows. The results are shown in Table 6. In addition, about these lubricating compositions, when the alkali metal content was calculated | required by atomic absorption analysis, all were 0.01 mass% or less.
<Conditions>
Load: 200N
Temperature: 90 ° C
Measurement time: 2 hours
Amplitude: 1 mm
Cycle: 50Hz
[0090]
[Table 6]
[0091]
All the grease compositions containing the molybdenum amine compound showed good lubricity.
[0092]
【The invention's effect】
The effect of the present invention is to provide a lubricant composed of a molybdenum amine compound that is excellent in lubricity, solubility and sealing material compatibility.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an IR chart of MoAm1 obtained in an example.
Claims (6)
で表わされるアミンとを、モリブデン1原子に対してアミンのモル数が0.2〜0.8となるように反応させて得られるモリブデンアミン化合物からなる潤滑剤。A compound containing a hexavalent molybdenum atom and the following general formula (1)
The number of moles of amine is 0.2-0. A lubricant composed of a molybdenum amine compound obtained by reacting to be 8 .
で表わされる亜鉛ジチオフォスフェート化合物である、請求項3又は4記載の潤滑性組成物。The compound containing sulfur is represented by the following general formula (2)
The lubricating composition according to claim 3, which is a zinc dithiophosphate compound represented by the formula:
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JP4955998B2 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2012-06-20 | シェブロンジャパン株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
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JP2007238755A (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-20 | Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd | Grease composition and bearing |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US4357149A (en) * | 1980-09-25 | 1982-11-02 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Hydrocarbon-soluble oxidized, sulfurized polyamine-molbdenum compositions and gasoline containing same |
DE3444553A1 (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1986-06-12 | Optimol-Ölwerke GmbH, 8000 München | LUBRICANT ADDITION |
JPS61285293A (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-16 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Lubricant composition containing molybdenum |
FR2648473B1 (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 1994-04-01 | Elf Aquitaine Ste Nale | SUB-BASED ADDITIVES FOR LUBRICATING OILS CONTAINING A MOLYBDENE COMPLEX, THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAID ADDITIVES |
JP2001164281A (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-06-19 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Lubricants and lubricating compositions |
-
2001
- 2001-10-15 JP JP2001316588A patent/JP4066132B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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