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JP3650976B2 - Acid / aldehyde absorbent material and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Acid / aldehyde absorbent material and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3650976B2
JP3650976B2 JP22705995A JP22705995A JP3650976B2 JP 3650976 B2 JP3650976 B2 JP 3650976B2 JP 22705995 A JP22705995 A JP 22705995A JP 22705995 A JP22705995 A JP 22705995A JP 3650976 B2 JP3650976 B2 JP 3650976B2
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Prior art keywords
acid
aldehyde
hydrazine
polymer
fiber
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JP22705995A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH0952913A (en
Inventor
葉子 山本
秀雄 中
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Japan Exlan Co Ltd
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Japan Exlan Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、酸・アルデヒド吸収及びその製造方法に関する。より詳しくは、アクリル系重合体のニトリル基とヒドラジンを反応させるヒドラジン処理(以下、単にヒドラジン処理という)によりアミノ基を導入した酸・アルデヒド吸収とその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、生活様式の変化、居住環境の高密度化や機密性の高まり等により、悪臭や異臭など臭いに関するニーズが高まっている。その中でも、最近嫌煙権等で何かと問題視されるタバコ臭の主成分に含まれる酢酸やアセトアルデヒドを吸収するものを望む声は高い。しかし、アンモニア等の塩基性物質、或いは硫化水素等の硫黄化合物に対して消臭性能を示すものは多くあっても、酸や特にアルデヒドに対して消臭性能を示すものは数少ないのが実状である。
【0003】
これらの酸やアルデヒドを吸収する消臭材は、他の多くの消臭材と同じように、化学的消臭性物質を担体表面に付着固定させたものや、活性炭等物理的吸着を利用したものが知られている。しかし、前者は耐久性などに問題があり、後者は再生に高温を要する、或いは化学再生の場合は薬品を必要とするという欠点を有している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、取り扱いが容易で且つ各種形態に容易に加工し得る、酸・アルデヒド吸収及びその製造方法を提供することである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述した本発明の目的は、アクリル系重合体にヒドラジン処理を行って得られる酸・アルデヒド吸収、好ましくはヒドラジン処理による窒素含有量の増加が1.0重量%以上である該、更に好ましくは該が繊維であるもの、及び特許請求の範囲第2、第4請求項記載の製造方法により達成される。
【0006】
本発明はヒドラジン処理を施したアクリル系重合体であるが、その出発アクリル系重合体としてはアクリロニトリル(以下、ANという)を40重量%以上、好ましくは50重量%以上含有するものが用いられる。また、本発明の内、繊維状であるアクリル系重合体としては、その出発原料としてANを40重量%以上、好ましくは50重量%以上含有するAN系重合体により形成されたアクリル系繊維が好ましく、繊維としては短繊維、トウ、糸、編織物、不織布等いずれの形態のものでも良く、また、製造工程中途品、廃繊維などでも構わない。AN系重合体としては、AN単独重合、ANと他のモノマーとの共重合体のいずれでも良く、他のモノマーとしては、ハロゲン化ビニル及びハロゲン化ビニリデン;(メタ)アクリル酸エステル(なお(メタ)の表記は、該メタの語の付いたもの及び付かないものの両方を表す);メタリルスルホン酸、p-スチレンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸含有モノマー及びその塩;(メタ)アクリル酸、イタコン酸等のカルボン酸含有モノマー及びその塩;アクリルアミド、スチレン、酢酸ビニル等のその他のモノマーが挙げられる。出発アクリル系重合体および出発アクリル系繊維の製造手段に限定はなく、適宜公知の手段が用いられる。
【0007】
該アクリル系重合体(形態が繊維状であるものも含む)をヒドラジンで処理する方法としては、ヒドラジン濃度3〜80重量%の水溶液、温度50〜140℃で1〜15時間処理する手段が工業的に好ましい。なお、酸・アルデヒド吸収能力は、ヒドラジン処理による窒素含有量の増加が大きくなるほど高くなる。ここで、窒素含有量の増加とは原料アクリル系重合体の窒素含有量とヒドラジン処理アクリル系重合体の窒素含有量との差をいう。希望の窒素含有量の増加を得る為の反応条件は、反応の温度、濃度、時間等の反応因子と窒素含有量の増加の関係を実験で明らかにすることにより、容易に決定出来る。ここに使用するヒドラジンとしては、水加ヒドラジン、硫酸ヒドラジン、塩酸ヒドラジン、臭素酸ヒドラジン等が例示される。
【0008】
該ヒドラジン処理では、原料ポリマーのニトリル基とヒドラジンのアミンとの反応によりアミノ基等の窒素を含有する架橋構造と、ヒドラジンの一方のアミンが未反応で残ることによりアミノ基が導入されると思われる。また、ニトリル基の加水分解によりカルボキシル基も生じていると思われる。
【0009】
この後、ヒドラジン処理時にニトリル基の加水分解により生じたカルボン酸とイオン結合している疑いのあるヒドラジンが問題となる場合には、これを除去するための酸処理を行う(ヒドラジンはがん原性を有するおそれのある物質であり、衣料用途等では問題が生ずる可能性がある。酸・アルデヒド吸収能力の点からは酸処理を行う必要はない。)。その方法としては、上述したヒドラジン処理重合体を下記に例示する各種の酸性水溶液に浸漬し、しかる後に乾燥する方法が好適に用いられる。ただし、酸処理を行うとアミノ基がイオン化し酸・アルデヒド吸収能力は低下する。酸性水溶液としては、塩酸、酢酸、硝酸、硫酸等の水溶液を挙げることが出来る。
【0010】
この後、酸処理により低下した酸・アルデヒド吸収能力を復活させるために、pH調整を行いイオン化したアミノ基を中性にすることが望ましい。この場合には、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アンモニア等の塩基性水溶液中に該重合体を浸漬した状態で所望のpH(例えば、pH9では酢酸吸収能力は後述する測定法で100ppmが4ppmに、アセトアルデヒド吸収能力は100ppmが2ppmになる。)に調整し、しかる後に乾燥する手段が挙げられる。
【0011】
この様にして酸・アルデヒドの吸収能力に優れる重合体を提供することが出来る。係るアクリル系重合体の製造手段に限定はなく、適宜公知の手段を用いることが出来るが、繊維の場合は全延伸倍率を6倍以上、好ましくは8倍以上とし、かつ工程収縮率を30%以下、好ましくは20%以下とする手段の採用により工業的有利に所望のアクリル系繊維を作製することが出来る。
【0012】
更に、繊維状の酸・アルデヒド吸収性アクリル系重合体を作製する場合、出発アクリル系繊維として、延伸後であって熱処理前の繊維(AN系重合体の紡糸原液を常法に従って紡糸し、延伸配向されてはいるが、乾燥緻密化、湿熱緩和処理等の熱処理の施されていない繊維、中でも湿式又は乾/湿式紡糸、延伸後の水膨潤ゲル状繊維:水膨潤度 30〜150%)を使用することにより、反応液中への繊維の分散性、繊維中への反応液の浸透性などが改善され、以てアミノ基の導入等が均一且つ速やかに行われるので望ましい。言うまでもないが、水膨潤度とは乾燥繊維重量基準で表した含有又は付着水分量の百分率である。
【0013】
【作用】
本発明に係る酸・アルデヒド吸収性アクリル系重合体または繊維に、並びに該製造方法により酸・アルデヒド吸収能力が付与される理由は、充分に解明するに至っていないが、概ね次のように考えられる。
【0014】
即ち、本発明に係る重合体は、出発アクリル系重合体に比べニトリル基が減少していることから、ポリマー鎖に結合している側鎖には、ニトリル基とヒドラジンとの反応により生成したアミノ基等の窒素を含有する架橋構造と、ヒドラジンの一方のアミンが未反応で残存するアミノ基があると考えられる。当該重合体が酸・アルデヒドを吸収するのは、アミノ基と酸・アルデヒドが酸・塩基反応或いは縮合反応により結合するためであろう。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。実施例中の百分率は、断りのない限り重量基準で示す。
【0016】
なお、酸・アルデヒド吸収能力は以下の方法により測定した。乾燥した検体2.0gを20℃、相対湿度65%で調温・調湿する。この後、テドラーバッグに検体と1Lの20℃、相対湿度65%の気体を入れ、酢酸、或いはアセトアルデヒドを濃度100ppmとなるよう注入する。前記温度・湿度で2時間放置した後、ガス検知管によってテドラーバッグ内のガス濃度を測定した。
【0017】
実施例 1
常法に従って、水系懸濁重合によりAN90%、メチルアクリレート10%のAN系重合体(原料重合体I)を得た。原料重合体Iを、ヒドラジン濃度35%、温度103℃で3時間処理し、水洗、乾燥して重合体No.1を得た。得られた重合体は窒素増加量4.8%で、吸収能力測定2時間後の濃度は酢酸3ppm、アセトアルデヒド12ppmであり、酸・アルデヒド吸収能力を有するものであった。
【0018】
実施例 2
原料重合体Iを濃度45%のロダンソーダ水溶液に溶解し、重合体濃度12%の紡糸原液を作成した。該原液を10%、−3℃のロダンソーダ水溶液中に押し出し、次いで水洗、延伸、熱処理を行い、原料繊維Iを作製した。
【0019】
原料繊維Iを表1に示した条件でヒドラジン処理を行い、脱水、水洗、乾燥し繊維No.1〜5を得た。得られた繊維の酢酸、プロピオン酸、アセトアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒドの吸収能力を表1に示した。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0003650976
【0021】
本発明の繊維No.1〜5は、酸・アルデヒド吸収能力を有するものであることが分かる。ただし、窒素増加量が1.0%未満である繊維No.1は酸吸収能力は優れるもののアルデヒド吸収能力の低いものであった。これらに対して、ヒドラジン処理を行っていない比較例の原料繊維Iは、酸、アルデヒド共に吸収能力を有さないものであることが分かる。
【0022】
実施例 3
実施例2で得られた繊維No.3を塩酸水溶液に浸漬、加熱しpH2に調整した後水洗した。続いて水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬、加熱し表1に示すpHに調整した後水洗、脱水し得られた繊維No.6〜8の酢酸、プロピオン酸、アセトアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒドの吸収能力を表1に示した。
【0023】
酸処理により低下した酸・アルデヒド吸収能力は、繊維の調整処理pHを上げることにより酸処理前と同等、或いはそれ以上になることが分かる。
【0024】
実施例 4
AN90%及び塩化ビニリデン10%からなるAN系重合体を原料重合体IIとし、実施例2の繊維No.3と同様に処理した。
【0025】
得られた重合体は窒素増加量4.7%で、吸収能力測定2時間後の濃度は酢酸4ppm、アセトアルデヒド10ppmであり、酸・アルデヒド吸収能力を示すものであった。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
本発明の出現により、酸・アルデヒド吸収能力を有する重合体並びに該重合体を工業的有利に製造する手段を提供し得た点が本発明の特筆すべき効果である。
【0027】
本発明の酸・アルデヒド吸収は、各種形状を取り得るものであり、例えば粉末状やビーズ状等の形状で添加剤として利用したり、フィルム状、繊維状等の形状で利用することができる。また、繊維状のものは、不織布、織物、編物、紙などに加工したり、フィルター、壁紙、布団の中綿、衣料用等、様々な形態に加工することが可能である。
【0028】
なお、ここで言う酸には酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、吉草酸等の有機酸の他、無機酸等酸性を示す化合物一般が挙げられる。また、アルデヒドにはアセトアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒド等アルデヒド基を有する化合物一般が挙げられるが、該重合体は特に分子量の低いものについて、優れた吸収能力を有するものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, acid-aldehyde-absorbing material and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to an acid / aldehyde absorbing material into which an amino group has been introduced by a hydrazine treatment (hereinafter simply referred to as hydrazine treatment) in which a nitrile group of an acrylic polymer is reacted with hydrazine, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, needs related to odors such as offensive odors and off-flavors have been increasing due to changes in lifestyles, higher density of living environments and increased confidentiality. Among them, there is a high demand for a thing that absorbs acetic acid and acetaldehyde contained in the main component of tobacco odor, which has recently been regarded as a problem with the right to smoke. However, even though there are many substances that show deodorant performance for basic substances such as ammonia or sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, there are few that show deodorant performance for acids and especially aldehydes. is there.
[0003]
The deodorant that absorbs these acids and aldehydes, like many other deodorants, uses a chemical deodorizing substance attached to the surface of the carrier and physical adsorption such as activated carbon. Things are known. However, the former has a problem in durability and the like, and the latter has a defect that a high temperature is required for regeneration, or a chemical is required in the case of chemical regeneration.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention, the handling can be easily processed into easy and various forms, it is to provide an acid-aldehyde-absorbing material and a manufacturing method thereof.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An object of the present invention described above, the acrylic polymer hydrazine treatment of the acid-aldehyde-absorbing material obtained by performing, the material is preferably an increase in nitrogen content by hydrazine treatment 1.0% by weight or more, more preferably said material is intended a fiber, and claims second is achieved by the manufacturing method of the fourth claim, wherein.
[0006]
The present invention is an acrylic polymer subjected to a hydrazine treatment. As the starting acrylic polymer, one containing acrylonitrile (hereinafter referred to as AN) is 40% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more. In the present invention, the acrylic acrylic polymer is preferably an acrylic fiber formed from an AN polymer containing AN as a starting material in an amount of 40% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more. The fibers may be in any form such as short fibers, tows, yarns, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, etc., and may be intermediate products or waste fibers. The AN polymer may be any one of AN homopolymerization and a copolymer of AN and other monomers. Examples of the other monomers include vinyl halide and vinylidene halide; (meth) acrylic acid ester ( ) Represents both those with and without the meta word); sulfonic acid-containing monomers such as methallylsulfonic acid and p-styrenesulfonic acid, and salts thereof; (meth) acrylic acid, itaconic acid And other monomers such as acrylamide, styrene, vinyl acetate and the like. There are no limitations on the means for producing the starting acrylic polymer and the starting acrylic fiber, and known means are appropriately used.
[0007]
As a method for treating the acrylic polymer (including those having a fibrous form) with hydrazine, an aqueous solution having a hydrazine concentration of 3 to 80% by weight and a means for treating at a temperature of 50 to 140 ° C. for 1 to 15 hours are industrial. Is preferable. The acid / aldehyde absorption capacity increases as the increase in nitrogen content by hydrazine treatment increases. Here, the increase in the nitrogen content refers to the difference between the nitrogen content of the raw acrylic polymer and the nitrogen content of the hydrazine-treated acrylic polymer. The reaction conditions for obtaining the desired increase in nitrogen content can be easily determined by clarifying the relationship between the reaction factors such as reaction temperature, concentration and time and the increase in nitrogen content through experiments. Examples of the hydrazine used here include hydrazine hydrate, hydrazine sulfate, hydrazine hydrochloride, and hydrazine bromate.
[0008]
In the hydrazine treatment, it is thought that amino groups are introduced when one of the hydrazine amines remains unreacted and a crosslinked structure containing nitrogen such as amino groups due to the reaction between the nitrile group of the raw material polymer and the amine of hydrazine. It is. In addition, it is considered that a carboxyl group is also generated by hydrolysis of the nitrile group.
[0009]
After this, if hydrazine suspected to be ionically bonded to the carboxylic acid produced by hydrolysis of the nitrile group during hydrazine treatment becomes a problem, acid treatment is performed to remove it (hydrazine is a carcinogen). It is a substance that may have a potential to cause problems and may cause problems in clothing applications, etc. It is not necessary to perform acid treatment in terms of acid / aldehyde absorption capacity. As the method, a method in which the above-described hydrazine-treated polymer is immersed in various acidic aqueous solutions exemplified below and then dried is preferably used. However, when acid treatment is performed, amino groups are ionized and the ability to absorb acid and aldehyde decreases. Examples of the acidic aqueous solution include aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and the like.
[0010]
Thereafter, in order to restore the acid / aldehyde absorption ability that has been lowered by the acid treatment, it is desirable to adjust the pH to make the ionized amino group neutral. In this case, the polymer is immersed in a basic aqueous solution such as an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonia, and the desired pH (for example, at pH 9, the acetic acid absorption capacity is 100 ppm to 4 ppm by the measurement method described later, and acetaldehyde is used. The absorption capacity is adjusted to 100 ppm to 2 ppm), and then dried.
[0011]
In this way, a polymer having excellent acid / aldehyde absorption ability can be provided. There are no limitations on the means for producing the acrylic polymer, and any known means can be used as appropriate. In the case of fibers, the total draw ratio is 6 times or more, preferably 8 times or more, and the process shrinkage is 30%. Hereinafter, the desired acrylic fiber can be produced industrially advantageously by adopting a means of preferably 20% or less.
[0012]
Further, when producing a fibrous acid / aldehyde-absorbing acrylic polymer, the starting acrylic fiber is a fiber after stretching and before heat treatment (spinning the spinning solution of the AN polymer according to a conventional method, and stretching Fibers that are oriented but not subjected to heat treatment such as dry densification and moist heat relaxation treatment, especially wet or dry / wet spinning, stretched water-swelled gel fibers: water swelling degree 30-150%) By using it, the dispersibility of the fiber in the reaction liquid, the permeability of the reaction liquid into the fiber, etc. are improved, and therefore, the introduction of amino groups and the like can be performed uniformly and rapidly. Needless to say, the degree of water swelling is the percentage of the contained or attached water content expressed on a dry fiber weight basis.
[0013]
[Action]
The reason why the acid / aldehyde-absorbing acrylic polymer or fiber according to the present invention is imparted with the acid / aldehyde-absorbing ability by the production method has not yet been fully elucidated, but is generally considered as follows. .
[0014]
That is, since the polymer according to the present invention has fewer nitrile groups than the starting acrylic polymer, the side chain bonded to the polymer chain has an amino acid formed by the reaction of the nitrile group and hydrazine. It is considered that there is a crosslinked structure containing nitrogen such as a group and an amino group in which one amine of hydrazine remains unreacted. The polymer absorbs the acid / aldehyde because the amino group and the acid / aldehyde are bonded by an acid / base reaction or a condensation reaction.
[0015]
【Example】
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. The percentages in the examples are on a weight basis unless otherwise indicated.
[0016]
The acid / aldehyde absorption capacity was measured by the following method. Temperature and humidity control of 2.0 g of the dried specimen is performed at 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%. After that, the specimen and 1 L of 20 ° C. gas with a relative humidity of 65% are placed in a Tedlar bag, and acetic acid or acetaldehyde is injected to a concentration of 100 ppm. After leaving at the temperature and humidity for 2 hours, the gas concentration in the Tedlar bag was measured with a gas detector tube.
[0017]
Example 1
According to a conventional method, an AN polymer (raw polymer I) having 90% AN and 10% methyl acrylate was obtained by aqueous suspension polymerization. The raw material polymer I was treated at a hydrazine concentration of 35% and a temperature of 103 ° C. for 3 hours, washed with water and dried to give polymer No. 1 was obtained. The obtained polymer had an increase in nitrogen of 4.8%, and the concentration after 2 hours of measuring the absorption capacity was 3 ppm acetic acid and 12 ppm acetaldehyde, and had acid / aldehyde absorption capacity.
[0018]
Example 2
The raw material polymer I was dissolved in an aqueous solution of Rhodan soda having a concentration of 45% to prepare a spinning dope having a polymer concentration of 12%. The stock solution was extruded into a 10%, -3 ° C. rhodium soda solution, then washed with water, stretched, and heat-treated to prepare a raw fiber I.
[0019]
The raw fiber I was subjected to hydrazine treatment under the conditions shown in Table 1, dehydrated, washed with water, and dried. 1-5 were obtained. Table 1 shows the absorption ability of acetic acid, propionic acid, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde of the obtained fiber.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003650976
[0021]
Fiber No. of the present invention. It turns out that 1-5 has an acid and an aldehyde absorption ability. However, the fiber No. whose nitrogen increase amount is less than 1.0%. 1 was excellent in acid absorption capacity but low in aldehyde absorption capacity. On the other hand, it turns out that the raw material fiber I of the comparative example which has not performed the hydrazine process is what has neither an acid nor an aldehyde absorption capacity.
[0022]
Example 3
Fiber No. obtained in Example 2 3 was immersed in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, heated to adjust pH to 2, and then washed with water. Subsequently, the fiber No. obtained by immersing and heating in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH shown in Table 1 and then washing and dewatering. Table 1 shows the absorption capacities of 6 to 8 acetic acid, propionic acid, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde.
[0023]
It can be seen that the acid / aldehyde absorption capacity decreased by the acid treatment becomes equal to or higher than that before the acid treatment by increasing the fiber adjustment treatment pH.
[0024]
Example 4
An AN polymer composed of 90% AN and 10% vinylidene chloride was used as the raw material polymer II, and the fiber No. 1 of Example 2 was used. Treated as in 3.
[0025]
The resulting polymer had an increase in nitrogen of 4.7%, and the concentration after 2 hours of measurement of the absorption capacity was 4 ppm acetic acid and 10 ppm acetaldehyde, indicating acid / aldehyde absorption capacity.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
With the advent of the present invention, it is a remarkable effect of the present invention that a polymer having acid / aldehyde absorption ability and a means for producing the polymer in an industrially advantageous manner can be provided.
[0027]
The acid / aldehyde absorbent material of the present invention can take various shapes. For example, it can be used as an additive in the form of powder or beads, or can be used in the form of film or fiber. . In addition, fibrous materials can be processed into various forms such as nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, papers, etc., filters, wallpaper, futon batting, and clothing.
[0028]
The acid referred to here includes not only organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid, but also general compounds showing acidity such as inorganic acids. Examples of the aldehyde include compounds having an aldehyde group such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, benzaldehyde, etc., and the polymer has an excellent absorption ability especially for those having a low molecular weight.

Claims (4)

アクリル系重合体のニトリル基とヒドラジンを反応させることによって得られる、酸・アルデヒド吸収An acid / aldehyde absorbent material obtained by reacting a nitrile group of an acrylic polymer with hydrazine . アクリル系重合体のニトリル基とヒドラジンを反応させることを特徴とする酸・アルデヒド吸収の製造方法。Method for producing acid-aldehyde-absorbing material characterized by reacting the nitrile group with a hydrazine of the acrylic polymer. 繊維であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の酸・アルデヒド吸収2. The acid / aldehyde absorbent material according to claim 1, wherein the acid / aldehyde absorbent material is a fiber. 繊維であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の酸・アルデヒド吸収の製造方法。3. The method for producing an acid / aldehyde absorbent material according to claim 2, wherein the method is a fiber.
JP22705995A 1995-08-11 1995-08-11 Acid / aldehyde absorbent material and method for producing the same Expired - Fee Related JP3650976B2 (en)

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