JP3072199B2 - Method for producing Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot - Google Patents
Method for producing Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloy ingotInfo
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- JP3072199B2 JP3072199B2 JP4308054A JP30805492A JP3072199B2 JP 3072199 B2 JP3072199 B2 JP 3072199B2 JP 4308054 A JP4308054 A JP 4308054A JP 30805492 A JP30805492 A JP 30805492A JP 3072199 B2 JP3072199 B2 JP 3072199B2
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、Ｎｉ−Ｆｅ基超耐熱
合金鋳塊をエレクトロスラグ再溶解により溶製する製造
方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a Ni-Fe based super heat-resistant alloy ingot by electroslag remelting.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】インコネル（商標、以下同じ）７１８合
金やインコネル７０６合金で代表されるＮｉ−Ｆｅ基超
耐熱合金鋳塊を得る場合には、内部性状を改善するため
にエレクトロスラグ再溶解（以下、ＥＳＲという）によ
り溶製される場合があり、特に大型の鋳塊では偏析の発
生を防止するためにＥＳＲが有効に利用されている。Ｅ
ＳＲ法は、中実電極から溶融スラグへの通電により発生
するジュール熱で電極を溶融させてスラグ下に滴下さ
せ、この鋳型内溶融金属プールを指向性凝固させること
により良好な肌と内部性状を有する鋳塊を得る方法であ
る。このような良質な鋳塊を得るためには、適切なスラ
グ温度を維持しながら溶融金属プールを制御する必要が
あり、電極送入速度、電圧、電流、スラグ浴の深さ、ス
ラグ組成、フィルレイショ（電極径／鋳型径）などの因
子によって適切なＥＳＲ条件を決定しなければならな
い。2. Description of the Related Art In order to obtain a Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot represented by Inconel (trademark, the same applies hereinafter) 718 alloy or Inconel 706 alloy, remelting of electroslag (hereinafter referred to as "ingot") to improve internal properties , ESR), and particularly in large ingots, ESR is effectively used to prevent segregation. E
The SR method melts the electrode with Joule heat generated by energization from the solid electrode to the molten slag, drops it under the slag, and directional solidifies the molten metal pool in the mold to obtain good skin and internal properties. It is a method of obtaining an ingot having. In order to obtain such a high quality ingot, it is necessary to control the molten metal pool while maintaining an appropriate slag temperature, electrode feeding speed, voltage, current, slag bath depth, slag composition, fill Appropriate ESR conditions must be determined according to factors such as ratio (electrode diameter / mold diameter).
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、Ｎｉ−Ｆｅ基
合金のような超合金では、多量の合金元素を含有するた
め、偏析に対する感受性が非常に高く、一般に大型材よ
りも偏析が生じにくいとされる比較的小さい鋳塊を製造
する場合であっても、ＥＳＲ法を適用し、なおかつ前述
したような制御を適当に行ってもフレッケル状やストリ
ーク状のマクロ偏析がＥＳＲ鋳塊に出現し易く、良好な
性能を有する製品が得られないという問題がある。ま
た、Ｎｉ−Ｆｅ基超耐熱合金の中でもインコネル７１８
合金のＥＳＲ鋳塊は、表面肌が悪く鍛造割れを発生しや
すい。そのため、鋳塊外表面を機削りして平滑にした
後、鍛造を行っている。しかし、この方法では、鋳塊表
層の緻密層が除去されるため、外皮の除去により熱間加
工性が劣化するという問題があり、また、高品質部分が
活用できない、鋳塊歩留りが低下するという問題もあ
る。この発明は上記事情を背景としてなされたものであ
り、偏析傾向が大きいＮｉ−Ｆｅ基超合金の鋳塊を製造
する際にも、偏析が少なく、しかも表面肌の良好な鋳塊
を得ることができる製造方法を提供するものである。However, a superalloy such as a Ni-Fe-based alloy contains a large amount of alloying elements, and is therefore extremely sensitive to segregation. Even when a relatively small ingot is manufactured, even if the ESR method is applied and the above-described control is appropriately performed, freckle-like or streak-like macro segregation is likely to appear in the ESR ingot. However, there is a problem that a product having good performance cannot be obtained. Inconel 718 among Ni-Fe based super heat resistant alloys
The ESR ingot of the alloy has a poor surface texture and is likely to cause forging cracks. For this reason, forging is performed after the outer surface of the ingot is machined and smoothed. However, in this method, since the dense layer of the surface layer of the ingot is removed, there is a problem that hot workability is deteriorated due to the removal of the outer skin, and the high quality part cannot be used, and the yield of the ingot decreases. There are also problems. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and even when producing an ingot of a Ni-Fe-based superalloy having a large segregation tendency, it is possible to obtain an ingot with little segregation and good surface texture. It provides a possible manufacturing method.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するた
め、本願発明のＮｉ−Ｆｅ基超耐熱合金鋳塊の製造方法
は、質量％で、Ｎi ：３９〜５５％、Ｃr ：１４．５〜
２１％、Ａl ：０．２〜０．８％、Ｔi ：０．６５〜２
％、Ｎb ：２．５〜５．５％、Ｂ：０．００６％以下
と、所望によりＭo ：２．８〜３．３％を含有し、残部
がＦe 及び不可避的不純物からなる中空電極であって、
電極の中空部の断面積が、該断面において中空部を含む
電極全断面積に対し、０．１６〜０．４９の比率からな
る中空電極を用いてエレクトロスラグ再溶解を行うこと
を特徴とする。その場合、電極が円筒状中空電極の場合
には、電極内径が外径に対し、０．４〜０．７の比率か
らなり、そしてこの該電極の外径が、鋳型内径に対し、
０．４〜０．９５の比率からなるのが望ましい。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for producing a Ni—Fe-based super-heat-resistant alloy ingot of the present invention is as follows: Ni: 39 to 55% by mass , Cr: 14.5 to 5% by mass.
21%, Al: 0.2-0.8%, Ti: 0.65-2
%, Nb: 2.5 to 5.5%, B: 0.006% or less, and Mo: 2.8 to 3.3% if desired, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. So,
The cross-sectional area of the hollow portion of the electrode is characterized by performing electroslag remelting using a hollow electrode having a ratio of 0.16 to 0.49 with respect to the total cross-sectional area of the electrode including the hollow portion in the cross section. . In that case, when the electrode is a cylindrical hollow electrode, the inner diameter of the electrode has a ratio of 0.4 to 0.7 with respect to the outer diameter, and the outer diameter of the electrode is equal to the inner diameter of the mold.
It is desirable to have a ratio of 0.4 to 0.95.
【０００５】[0005]
【作用】マクロ偏析のない良好な内部性状のＥＳＲ鋳塊
を製造するためには溶融金属プールを浅く皿状にするこ
とが不可欠であり、これが深くなると、凝固組織の緻密
化が妨げられて組織が粗大化しやすく、また逆Ｖ偏析な
どのマクロ偏析が発生しやすい。しかし、鋳塊が限界の
大きさ以上になると良好な肌を確保しつつマクロ偏析が
生成しない程度の浅いプールにすることは困難である。
例えばＥＳＲ電極の形状の影響を考えてみると、フィル
レイショが小さい場合は溶融スラグ中央部での発熱量が
多く、電流が凝固した鋳塊中に多く流れてジュール発熱
も多くなり、プールは深くなる傾向にある。一方、フィ
ルレイショが大きいと溶融スラグ全体で発熱し、電流は
鋳型へ流れる割合が増えるのでプールは浅くなる傾向に
ある。しかし、フィルレイショを大きくする後者の方法
でも、偏析が生成しない程に十分に浅いプールにするこ
とは容易ではない。しかるに本願発明によれば、電極中
心部直下から鋳塊内を流れる電流が少なくなり、中心部
の溶融プールの深さが浅くなって、全体としてプール形
状が平坦化され、偏析の発生を抑制する。また、鋳型近
傍で、通電量が増えてスラグの温度が高くなり、得られ
る鋳塊肌が良好になる。In order to produce an ESR ingot having good internal properties without macro segregation, it is essential to make the molten metal pool shallow and dish-like. Tend to be coarse, and macro segregation such as reverse V segregation is likely to occur. However, when the ingot becomes larger than the limit size, it is difficult to make the pool into a shallow pool that does not generate macro-segregation while maintaining good skin.
For example, considering the influence of the shape of the ESR electrode, when the fill ratio is small, the calorific value in the central part of the molten slag is large, the current flows a lot in the solidified ingot, the Joule heat increases, and the pool becomes deep. Tend to be. On the other hand, if the fill ratio is large, heat is generated in the entire molten slag, and the ratio of current flowing to the mold increases, so that the pool tends to be shallow. However, even with the latter method of increasing the fill ratio, it is not easy to make the pool shallow enough to prevent segregation. However, according to the present invention, the current flowing in the ingot from immediately below the center of the electrode is reduced, the depth of the molten pool in the center is reduced, the pool shape as a whole is flattened, and the occurrence of segregation is suppressed. . Further, in the vicinity of the mold, the amount of electricity increases, the temperature of the slag increases, and the obtained ingot surface becomes good.
【０００６】なお、本発明の電極の製造法は特に限定さ
れないが、例えば要求されるガス成分や不純物成分に応
じて大気中あるいは真空中で溶解、精錬、造塊した中空
鋳塊や、中実鋳塊を孔明けしたもの、鋳塊を板状に加工
して板曲げし溶接したもの、中空電極の分割材を組み立
て溶接したものなどを用いて目的の中空電極を得ること
ができる。このようにして製造される電極の外形は、円
柱形状の他に、角柱形状やその他の異形形状とすること
ができる。そして、電極に形成される孔は、通常は電極
の中心部に位置するが、完全に中心に位置するものに限
定されるものではなく、ほぼ中心である芯部に形成され
るものであればよい。The method for producing the electrode of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, depending on the required gas component or impurity component, a hollow ingot melted, refined, or formed in air or vacuum, or a solid ingot may be used. The target hollow electrode can be obtained by using a perforated ingot, a plate obtained by processing the ingot into a plate shape, bending and welding, or a member obtained by assembling and welding a hollow electrode divided material. The outer shape of the electrode manufactured in this manner can be a prismatic shape or another irregular shape in addition to the cylindrical shape. The hole formed in the electrode is usually located at the center of the electrode, but is not limited to the one completely located at the center, as long as it is formed at the core which is almost at the center. Good.
【０００７】また、孔の形状は特に限定されないが、通
常は電極外壁と相似形の断面形状に形成される。例え
ば、円柱形状の電極に丸孔を形成し、角柱形状の電極
に、角孔を形成する。この孔は通常は、電極の両端に貫
通させるが、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではなく、
ＥＳＲ操業初期または終期では、中実部を溶融させるよ
うに、電極の一端または両端で孔が閉塞しているもので
あってもよい。また、孔は軸心方向に沿って同一断面形
状を有する直孔状に形成するのが通常であるが、軸方向
位置によっては異形断面としてもよく、例えば、孔の内
面形状を軸心方向に沿ってテーパー状とすることも考え
られる。また、孔は通常は電極の芯部に一つを形成する
が、複数形成する可能性もある。Although the shape of the hole is not particularly limited, it is usually formed in a sectional shape similar to the outer wall of the electrode. For example, a circular hole is formed in a columnar electrode, and a square hole is formed in a prismatic electrode. This hole is usually penetrated at both ends of the electrode, but is not necessarily limited to this.
At the beginning or end of the ESR operation, the hole may be closed at one or both ends of the electrode so as to melt the solid part. In addition, the hole is usually formed in a straight hole shape having the same cross-sectional shape along the axial direction, but may have a modified cross-section depending on the axial position, for example, the inner surface shape of the hole in the axial direction. It is also conceivable to have a tapered shape along. Also, although one hole is usually formed in the core of the electrode, a plurality of holes may be formed.
【０００８】このようにして形成される孔は、その断面
積が、電極外壁内側の全断面積に対し、０．１６〜０．
４９の比率からなる。これを円柱電極における丸孔で考
えれば、孔の径が、電極の外径に対し、０．４〜０．７
の比率からなる。上記の比が下限未満であると、溶融金
属プールの形状変化に及ぼす影響が小さく、十分な溶融
プール平坦化の効果が認められない。また、上限を越え
ると、必要鋳塊重量を得るための電極長さが増大し、実
操業への適用が困難になる。さらには、この電極の外径
が、鋳型内径に対し、０．４〜０．９５の比率からなる
のが望ましい。上記比が０．４未満であると必要鋳塊重
量を得るための電極長さが増大し、実操業への適用が困
難になる。また比が０．９５を越えると、鋳型と電極と
の間隔が狭くなり、鋳型または電極の昇降において鋳型
と電極が接触する可能性があり、実操業への適用が困難
になるおそれがあるため、上記比が０．４〜０．９５の
範囲内にあるのを望ましいものとした。The cross section of the hole formed in this manner is 0.16-0.
Consists of 49 ratios. Considering this as a circular hole in a cylindrical electrode, the diameter of the hole is 0.4 to 0.7 with respect to the outer diameter of the electrode.
Ing from the ratio. If the above ratio is less than the lower limit, the influence on the shape change of the molten metal pool is small, and no sufficient effect of flattening the molten pool is recognized. Further, if it exceeds the upper limit, increases the electrode length for obtaining the required ingot weight, it applied difficulties ing to actual operation. Further, it is desirable that the outer diameter of the electrode is in a ratio of 0.4 to 0.95 with respect to the inner diameter of the mold. If the above ratio is less than 0.4, the length of the electrode for obtaining the required ingot weight increases, and it becomes difficult to apply it to actual operation. When the ratio exceeds 0.95, the distance between the mold and the electrode becomes narrow, and the mold and the electrode may come into contact with each other when the mold or the electrode is moved up and down, which may make application to actual operation difficult. The ratio is preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.95.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】表１に示す組成のＮｉ−Ｆｅ基超耐熱合金を
常法により溶製し、さらに中子を用いて中心に丸孔を有
する円柱状電極に鋳造した。なお、電極の製造に際して
は、表２に示すように電極の内径／外径比を変えて、２
種の電極を実施例の電極とした。また、従来法により中
子を用いることなく鋳造した中実電極を比較例の電極と
して用意した。これらの電極はほぼ同じ電極断面積（孔
部は除く）とし、同一組成の電極を用いた実施例と比較
例とでは、溶解速度がほぼ同じになるようにＥＳＲ条件
を設定した。EXAMPLE A Ni--Fe-base superalloy having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted by a conventional method, and then cast into a cylindrical electrode having a round hole at the center using a core. When manufacturing the electrode, the inner / outer diameter ratio of the electrode was changed as shown in Table 2 to obtain an electrode.
The kind of electrode was used as the electrode of the example. A solid electrode cast by a conventional method without using a core was prepared as an electrode of a comparative example. These electrodes had approximately the same electrode cross-sectional area (excluding holes), and the ESR conditions were set so that the dissolution rates were approximately the same in Examples and Comparative Examples using electrodes having the same composition.
【００１０】[0010]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１１】[0011]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１２】これらのＥＳＲ用電極を用いて、表２に示
す鋳型、溶解速度で、ＥＳＲを行った。得られたＥＳＲ
鋳塊を鍛造して丸棒とした後、端部端面をマクロ腐食し
てマクロ偏析を評価するとともに鋳塊肌を評価して、そ
の結果を表２に示した。この結果、表２に示すとおり、
中実電極を用いた場合に、鋳塊肌は不良であり、内部性
状では軽微なマクロ偏析が生成していた。これに対し、
中空電極を用いたものでは大型の鋳塊でも、鋳塊肌、内
部性状ともに著しく改善されており、良質なＥＳＲ鋳塊
が得られた。Using these ESR electrodes, ESR was performed at the template and dissolution rate shown in Table 2. ESR obtained
After forging the ingot into a round bar, the end face was macro-eroded to evaluate macro-segregation and to evaluate the ingot surface. The results are shown in Table 2. As a result, as shown in Table 2,
When the solid electrode was used, the ingot surface was poor, and slight macro segregation was generated in the internal properties. In contrast,
In the case of using the hollow electrode, even in the case of a large ingot, both the ingot surface and the internal properties were remarkably improved, and a high-quality ESR ingot was obtained.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本願発明によれば、
中空電極を用いてＥＳＲ鋳塊を製造するので、溶融プー
ル形状が浅くなって平坦化され、偏析の生成が抑止さ
れ、偏析感受性の高いＮｉ−Ｆｅ基超耐熱合金でも偏析
がなく、しかも表面肌が良好な高品質の鋳塊が得られる
効果がある。As described above, according to the present invention,
Since the ESR ingot is manufactured using a hollow electrode, the molten pool shape is shallow and flattened, segregation is suppressed, and even segregation-sensitive Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloys have no segregation, and the surface texture Has the effect of obtaining a high quality ingot with good quality.
フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｃ２２Ｃ 33/04 (56)参考文献 特開 平５−345934（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭52−129625（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−130343（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭51−3326（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平５−285632（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−130252（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−77448（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) C22B 9/18 B22D 23/10 C22C 1/02 Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI C22C 33/04 (56) References JP-A-5-345934 (JP, A) JP-A-52-129625 (JP, A) JP-A-3 JP-A-130343 (JP, A) JP-A-51-3326 (JP, A) JP-A-5-285632 (JP, A) JP-A-62-130252 (JP, A) JP-A-62-77448 (JP, A) (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C22B 9/18 B22D 23/10 C22C 1/02
Claims (3)
１４．５〜２１％、Ａl ：０．２〜０．８％、Ｔi ：
０．６５〜２％、Ｎb ：２．５〜５．５％、Ｂ：０．０
０６％以下を含み、残部がＦe 及び不可避的不純物から
なる中空電極であって、電極の中空部の断面積が、該断
面において中空部を含む電極全断面積に対し、０．１６
〜０．４９の比率からなる中空電極を用いてエレクトロ
スラグ再溶解を行うことを特徴とするＮｉ−Ｆｅ基超耐
熱合金鋳塊の製造方法1. Ni: 39 to 55% by mass %, Cr:
14.5-21%, Al: 0.2-0.8%, Ti:
0.65-2%, Nb: 2.5-5.5%, B: 0.0
Wherein 06% or less, the balance being a hollow electrode formed of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the cross-sectional area of the hollow portion of the electrode, the cross
0.16 with respect to the total cross-sectional area of the electrode including the hollow portion on the surface
Electroslag remelting using a hollow electrode having a ratio of 0.49 to 0.49, characterized by comprising:
〜３．３％を含有し、残部がＦe 及び不可避的不純物か
らなる中空電極を用いてエレクトロスラグ再溶解を行う
ことを特徴とするＮｉ−Ｆｅ基超耐熱合金鋳塊の製造方
法2. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising Mo: 2.8.
A method for producing a Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot, comprising performing electroslag remelting using a hollow electrode containing -3.3% and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
極内径が外径に対し、０．４〜０．７の比率からなり、
さらに該電極の外径が、鋳型内径に対し、０．４〜０．
９５の比率からなる中空電極を用いてエレクトロスラグ
再溶解を行うことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の
Ｎｉ−Ｆｅ基超耐熱合金鋳塊の製造方法3. A hollow electrode having a cylindrical shape, wherein the inner diameter of the electrode has a ratio of 0.4 to 0.7 with respect to the outer diameter,
Further, the outer diameter of the electrode is 0.4 to 0.
The method for producing a Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot according to claim 1 or 2, wherein electroslag remelting is performed using a hollow electrode having a ratio of 95.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4308054A JP3072199B2 (en) | 1992-10-22 | 1992-10-22 | Method for producing Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot |
| US08/073,465 US5524019A (en) | 1992-06-11 | 1993-06-09 | Electrode for electroslag remelting and process of producing alloy using the same |
| EP93109401A EP0577997A1 (en) | 1992-06-11 | 1993-06-11 | Electrode for electroslag remelting and process of producing alloy using the same |
| US08/243,741 US5444732A (en) | 1992-06-11 | 1994-05-17 | Electrode for electroslag remelting and process of producing alloy using the same |
| US08/243,736 US5487082A (en) | 1992-06-11 | 1994-05-17 | Electrode for electroslag remelting and process of producing alloy using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4308054A JP3072199B2 (en) | 1992-10-22 | 1992-10-22 | Method for producing Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06136469A JPH06136469A (en) | 1994-05-17 |
| JP3072199B2 true JP3072199B2 (en) | 2000-07-31 |
Family
ID=17976335
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4308054A Expired - Fee Related JP3072199B2 (en) | 1992-06-11 | 1992-10-22 | Method for producing Ni-Fe-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3072199B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT406384B (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 2000-04-25 | Inteco Int Techn Beratung | METHOD FOR ELECTROSHELL STRAND MELTING OF METALS |
| JP3606404B2 (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 2005-01-05 | 日立金属株式会社 | Consumable electrode type remelting method of super heat-resistant alloy |
| JP4164780B2 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2008-10-15 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Consumable electrode type remelting method of super heat-resistant alloy |
| JP2001098345A (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-10 | Nippon Mining & Metals Co Ltd | Fe-Ni alloy for shadow mask and method for producing the same |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1013366B (en) * | 1974-06-04 | 1977-03-30 | Centro Speriment Metallurg | FUSIBLE COMPOSITE ELECTRODE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC OBJECTS BY REFUTION UNDER ELECTROSCO RIA |
| JPS52129625A (en) * | 1976-04-23 | 1977-10-31 | Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co | Electro slug casting |
| JP2622796B2 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1997-06-18 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Electroslag for remelting electroslag and method for producing alloy using the electrode |
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1992
- 1992-10-22 JP JP4308054A patent/JP3072199B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06136469A (en) | 1994-05-17 |
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