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JP2555284B2 - 温度特性改良潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents

温度特性改良潤滑油組成物

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Publication number
JP2555284B2
JP2555284B2 JP62115966A JP11596687A JP2555284B2 JP 2555284 B2 JP2555284 B2 JP 2555284B2 JP 62115966 A JP62115966 A JP 62115966A JP 11596687 A JP11596687 A JP 11596687A JP 2555284 B2 JP2555284 B2 JP 2555284B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oil
composition
viscosity
lubricating oil
grade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP62115966A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPS63280796A (ja
Inventor
俊彦 市橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd filed Critical Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Priority to JP62115966A priority Critical patent/JP2555284B2/ja
Priority to US07/183,777 priority patent/US4853139A/en
Priority to DE8888107478T priority patent/DE3867302D1/de
Priority to EP88107478A priority patent/EP0291006B1/en
Publication of JPS63280796A publication Critical patent/JPS63280796A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2555284B2 publication Critical patent/JP2555284B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は温度特性改良潤滑油組成物に関し、詳しくは
高温で一定の粘度を保つとともに、極低温でも粘度が小
さく、しかも剪断安定性，極圧性，耐摩耗性，清浄分散
性等にも優れるため、マルチグレードギヤ油，マルチグ
レードエンジン油をはじめ各種の用途に供し得る潤滑油
組成物に関する。
〔従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする問題点〕
従来から、潤滑油の温度特性を極度に向上させるにあ
たっては、粘度指数向上作用や流動点降下作用を有する
高分子化合物を多量に配合することが行われている。
しかしながら、このようにして得られた潤滑油組成物
は、高分子化合物を多量に含有しているため、剪断安定
性に欠け、機械的剪断を受けて潤滑油の粘度低下を招き
やすく、初期の潤滑性能を満たさなくなるという問題が
あった。また、剪断安定性のみならず極圧性，耐摩耗
性，清浄分散性等においても様々な問題があった。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
本発明者は上記従来の問題点を解消し、広い温度範囲
にわたって優れた温度特性を有するとともに、剪断安定
性をはじめ極圧性，耐摩耗性，清浄分散性等の優れた潤
滑油組成物を開発すべく、鋭意研究を重ねた。
その結果、低温流動性にすぐれた特定の性状を有する
潤滑油基油にエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体を配合
し、さらに極圧剤，耐摩耗剤，油圧剤あるいは清浄分散
剤を加えたものが、初期の目的を達成しうることを見出
し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は（Ａ）100℃における動粘度が1.5
〜50cStであるとともに流動点が−30℃以下であり、か
つ粘度指数が60以上である基油，（Ｂ）数平均分子量が
2000〜8000で、かつ配合量が組成物全量の0.5〜20重量
％であるエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体および
（Ｃ）極圧剤，耐摩耗剤，油性剤および清浄分散剤から
選ばれた少なくとも一種の添加剤を主成分とする温度特
性改良潤滑油組成物を提供するものである。
本発明の組成物では、（Ａ）成分として潤滑油基油が
用いられるが、その性状は上述の如く100℃における動
粘度が1.5〜50cSt、好ましくは２〜30cStであり、また
流動点が−30℃以下であり、さらに粘度指数が60以上、
好ましくは70℃以上である。
ここで、100℃における動粘度が1.5cSt未満のもので
は蒸発減量が多いという不都合があり、また50cStを超
えるものでは粘性抵抗による動力損失が大き過ぎるなど
様々な問題がある。流動点については、−30℃を超える
ものでは低温特性が劣り、また粘度指数が60未満のもの
では、粘度の温度依存性が大きく、目的とする温度特性
の優れた潤滑油組成物が得られない。
本発明の（Ａ）成分である基油は、上述した性状を有
する鉱油であれば様々なものが使用可能であり、特に制
限はない。
本発明において（Ａ）基油として用いることのできる
鉱油の具体例としては、パラフィン基系原油や中間基系
原油を常圧蒸留するかあるいは常圧蒸留の残渣油を減圧
蒸留して得られる留出油を常法にしたがって精製するこ
とによって得られる精製油、あるいは精製後さらに深脱
ロウ処理することによって得られる深脱ロウ油などをあ
げることができる。この際の精製法は特に制限はなく様
々な方法が考えられる。通常は（ａ）水素化処理，
（ｂ）脱ロウ処理（溶剤脱ロウまたは水添脱ロウ），
（ｃ）溶剤抽出処理，（ｄ）アルカリ蒸留または硫酸洗
浄処理，（ｅ）白土処理を単独であるいは適宜順序で組
み合わせて行う。また同一処理を複数段に分けて繰り返
し行うことも有効である。例えば、留出油を水素化処
理するか、または水素化処理した後、アルカリ蒸留また
は硫酸洗浄処理を行う方法、留出油を水素化処理した
後、脱ロウ処理する方法、留出油を溶剤抽出処理した
後、水素化処理する方法、留出油に二段あるいは三段
の水素化処理を行う、またはその後にアルカリ蒸留また
は硫酸洗浄処理する方法、さらには上述した〜の
如き処理後、再度脱ロウ処理して深脱ロウ油とする方法
などがある。
いずれの方法によっても、得られる基油（潤滑油基
油）の性状が、前述した粘度，流動点および粘度指数と
なるように調整すればよい。
特に、本発明では深脱ロウ処理によって得られる鉱油
が（Ａ）成分たる基油として好適である。この深脱ロウ
処理は、苛酷な条件下での溶剤脱ロウ処理法やゼオライ
ト触媒を用いた接触水添脱ロウ処理法などによって行わ
れる。
次に、本発明の組成物の（Ｂ）成分としては、エチレ
ン−α−オレフィン共重合体が用いられるが、その数平
均分子量は2000〜8000である。ここで、数平均分子量が
2000未満のものでは粘度指数の向上効果が充分でなく、
また8000を超えるものでは剪断安定性が悪くなり好まし
くない。このエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体は、エ
チレンと炭素数３〜20のα−オレフィン、例えばプロピ
レン,1−ブテン,1−デセンなどとの共重合体であって、
極性基を含まない炭化水素系合成油である。
本発明では、（Ｂ）成分であるエチレン−α−オレフ
ィン共重合体の配合割合は、得られる組成物全量の0.5
〜20重量％、好ましくは１〜10重量％である。この
（Ｂ）成分の配合割合が、少な過ぎると粘度指数の向上
効果が充分でなく、また多過ぎると低温時の粘度が高く
なり実用性に劣る。
次に、本発明の組成物では、（Ｃ）成分として極圧
剤，耐摩耗剤，油性剤および清浄分散剤から選ばれた少
なくとも一種の添加剤が用いられる。この（Ｃ）成分の
配合割合についても、特に制限はなく、その種類や様々
な状況に応じて適宜選定すればよいが、通常は得られる
組成物全量の0.5〜30重量％、好ましくは１〜20重量％
である。ここで（Ｃ）成分の配合割合が、少な過ぎると
所望する性状の改善が充分でなく、また多過ぎると腐食
性が強くなるなど様々な問題を引き起こすことがある。
上記極圧剤としては、種々のものが使用可能である
が、具体的にはスルフィド類，スルフォキサイド類，ス
ルフォン類，チオホスフィネート類，チオカーボネート
類，油脂，硫化油脂，硫化オレフィン等のイオウ系極圧
剤；リン酸エステル，亜リン酸エステル，リン酸エステ
ルアミン塩，亜リン酸エステルアミン塩等のリン系極圧
剤；塩素化炭化水素等のハロゲン系極圧剤；ジチオリン
酸亜鉛（ZnDTP）などのチオリン酸塩やチオカルバミン
酸塩等の有機金属系極圧剤などをあげることができる。
次に、耐摩耗剤としては、MoDTP,MoDTC等の有機モリ
ブデン化合物；アルキルメルカプチルボレート等の有機
ホウ素化合物；グラファイト，二硫化モリブデン，硫化
アンチモン，ホウ素化合物，ポリテトラフルオロエチレ
ン等の固体潤滑剤系耐摩耗剤などをあげることができ
る。
また、油性剤（摩擦調整剤）としては、オレイン酸，
ステアリン酸等の高級脂肪酸；オレイルアルコール等の
高級アルコール；アミン；エステル；硫化油脂；塩素化
油脂などをあげることができる。
さらに、清浄分散剤としては、カルシウムスルホネー
ト，マグネシウムスルホネート，バリウムスルホネート
等の各種金属スルホネート；フェネート；サリチレー
ト；コハク酸イミド；ベンジルアミン；コハク酸エステ
ルなどをあげることができる。
本発明の組成物では、（Ｃ）成分として、その用途に
応じて上述の極圧剤，耐摩耗剤，油性剤，清浄分散剤の
いずれかを単独であるいは二種以上を混合して用いる。
本発明の組成物では、上記（Ａ），（Ｂ），（Ｃ）成
分を主成分とするものであり、基本的にはこの三成分で
構成されるが、さらに必要に応じて数平均分子量10000
〜250000、好ましくは20000〜200000のポリメタアクリ
レートや数平均分子量10000以上のオレフィン系共重合
体などの高分子化合物を所定量、具体的には組成物全量
の0.1〜20重量％、特に0.5〜15重量％の割合で加えるこ
とも有効である。
そのほか、酸化防止剤，錆止め剤，消泡剤，腐食防止
剤，着色剤等の各種添加剤を状況に応じて適宜配合する
こともできる。
ここで、酸化防止剤としては従来から広く使用されて
いるものでよく、具体的には2,6−ジ−ｔ−ブチル−４
−メチルフェノールに代表されるフェノール系酸化防止
剤；ジオクチルジフェニルアミンに代表されるアミン系
酸化防止剤；ジチオリン酸亜鉛に代表されるイオウ，リ
ン系酸化防止剤などをあげることができる。
錆止め剤についても、各種のものが使用可能であり、
例えばカルボン酸，カルボン酸塩，スルホン酸塩，エス
テル，アルコール，リン酸，リン酸塩などをあげること
ができる。
また消泡剤としては、ジメチルシロキサン，シリカゲ
ル分散体等のシリコーン系消泡剤；アルコール，エステ
ル系消泡剤をはじめとして各種のものを使用することが
できる。
さらに腐食防止剤としては、ベンゾトリアゾールおよ
びその誘導体，チアゾール系化合物など種々のものがあ
げられる。
〔実施例〕
次に、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳しく説明する。
実施例1,2および比較例１〜６ 第１表に示す如くSAEJ306bの粘度グレード75W/80ある
いは75W/90マルチグレードギヤ油またはそれに近いグレ
ードに調製した潤滑油組成物について、各種の試験を行
い、その物性を測定評価した。結果を第１表に示す。
上記第１表から次のことが判る。すなわち、この実施
例1,2の潤滑油組成物は、粘度指数が110以上で流動点が
−40℃以下、しかも−40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度
が150,000cP以下となっており、SAEの75Wのグレードを
満足するものである。また、剪断安定性は75W/80の組成
物（実施例１）では0.2％、75W/90の組成物（実施例
２）でも3.2％であり、通常考え得るマルチグレード油
の概念を大きく超えた安定性を示している。さらに、シ
ェル四球試験による極圧性も、マルチグレード化するこ
とによる著しい悪化の傾向は見られず、充分に満足すべ
き性能を示している。
一方、比較例１では本発明の（Ａ）成分の性状を有す
る基油、すなわち低流動点鉱油を用いているが、（Ｂ）
成分に相当するエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体を用
いていない。この組成物では100℃における動粘度を9.3
cSt程度とすると、−40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度
を150,000cP以下に維持することができない。
比較例２では、通常のパラフィン系鉱油を用いて従来
の手法により75W/80マルチグレードギヤ油を調製したも
のである。ここでは通常用いられる最も低分子量（21,0
00）のポリメタアクリレート（即ち、最も剪断を受けに
くいポリメタアクリレート）を使用しているにもかかわ
らず、この組成物は実施例１の組成物の20倍以上もの剪
断を受ける。また、極圧性も実施例に比べて劣っている
ことがわかる。
次に、75W/90グレードの潤滑油組成物について比較す
る。比較例３は本発明の（Ａ）成分の性状を有する基油
（低流動点鉱油）とポリメタアクリレートを用い、
（Ｂ）成分に相当するエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合
体を用いずに75W/90グレードの潤滑油組成物を調製した
ものである。この組成物は、低温流動性は充分である
が、通常用いられる最も低分子量（21,000）のポリメタ
アクリレートを使用しているにもかかわらず、9.2％も
の剪断を受けている。
また、比較例４は本発明の（Ｂ）成分であるエチレン
−α−オレフィン共重合体の代わりに、ポリブテンを用
いたものである。この組成物では、ポリブテンをエチレ
ン−α−オレフィン共重合体より多量に添加しているに
もかかわらず、分子量21,000のポリメタアクリレートを
実施例２より多量に添加しなければ、75W/90グレードに
ならない。そのためこの組成物は、実施例２の組成物の
約２倍の剪断を受け、しかも−40℃でのブルックフィー
ルド粘度を150,000cP以下に維持することができない。
また、比較例５は通常のパラフィン系鉱油を用いて従
来の手法により75W/90グレードの潤滑油組成物を調製し
たものであるが、剪断安定性，極圧性ともに満足すべき
ものではない。
さらに、比較例６は通常のパラフィン系鉱油と本発明
の（Ｂ）成分であるエチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体
とを用いたものであるが、−40℃でのブルックフィール
ド粘度が200,000cP以上となり、75Wの規格を満足しなく
なる。
実施例3,4および比較例７〜12 第２表に示す如くSAE30の粘度グレード15W/30あるい
は10W/30マルチグレードエンジン油またはそれに近いグ
レードに調製した潤滑油組成物について、各種の試験を
行い、その物性を測定評価した。結果を第２表に示す。
上記第２表から次のことが判る。すなわち、この実施
例3,4の潤滑油組成物は、粘度指数が140以上で流動点が
−40℃以下、しかもCCS粘度が−15℃および−20℃で35c
P以下であって、SAE J300の10W,15Wの規格を満たすマ
ルチグレード油10W/30,15W/30相当油を満足する。しか
も、シングルグレード油と同じように剪断安定性が優
れ、それぞれ0.2％,0.3％である。さらに、清浄性の目
安であるパネルコーキング試験の付着重量がそれぞれ10
mg,15mgと少ない。
一方、比較例７は通常のパラフィン系鉱油でポリメタ
アクリレートと高分子量のオレフィン共重合体とを用い
て、15W/30グレードの潤滑油組成物を調製したものであ
る。この組成物は、粘度指数が125,流動点が−27.5℃と
不充分であり、しかも6.0％も剪断を受けていた。ま
た、パネルコーキング付着量も20mgとやや多い。
比較例８は低流動点鉱油のみで15W/30相当油をつくる
ことを試みたものであるが、低温粘度が高く（−15℃で
50cP）、15Wの規格を満たすことができない。
比較例9,10は従来技術によりそれぞれオレフィン共重
合体とポリメタアクリレートの両者あるいはポリメタア
クリレートを用いて10W/30グレードの潤滑油組成物を調
製したものである。この組成物は、10W/30の規格を満足
しているものの、それぞれ16％,31％の剪断を受けてお
り、実施例４に比べて非常に大きい。
また比較例11は、通常の鉱油と分子量3600のエチレン
−α−オレフィン共重合体の組み合わせで10W/30グレー
ドの潤滑油組成物をつくることを試みたものであるが、
10Wの低温粘度規格を満足していない。
比較例12は、ポリブテンと低流動点鉱油を用いたもの
であるが、市販の最も高い分子量のポリブテンを用いた
にもかかわらず、粘度指数が低く10Wの低温粘度規格を
満足していない。
〔発明の効果〕
以上の如く、本発明の潤滑油組成物は粘度指数が高
く、特に低温粘度が小さいため、温度特性、とりわけ低
温特性が良好である。しかも、剪断安定性，極圧性，耐
摩耗性，清浄性等にすぐれている。
したがって、本発明の潤滑油組成物は自動車用あるい
は産業機械用ギヤ油，内燃機関油，自動変速機油，パワ
ーステアリング油，油圧油，ショックアブソーバー油，
トラクター油，ドアチェック油，軸受油などに幅広くか
つ有効に利用される。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｃ１０Ｍ 143:04 143:06 143:08） Ｃ１０Ｎ 20:02 20:04 30:04 30:06 40:04 40:25

Claims (3)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】（Ａ）100℃における動粘度が1.5〜50cSt
    であるとともに流動点が−30℃以下であり、かつ粘度指
    数が60以上である基油、（Ｂ）数平均分子量が2000〜80
    00で、かつ配合量が組成物全量の0.5〜20重量％である
    エチレン−α−オレフィン共重合体および（Ｃ）極圧
    剤、耐摩耗剤、油性剤および清浄分散剤から選ばれた少
    なくとも一種の添加剤を主成分とする温度特性改良潤滑
    油組成物。
  2. 【請求項２】基油が深脱ロウ油である特許請求の範囲第
    １項記載の潤滑油組成物。
  3. 【請求項３】（Ｃ）添加剤の配合割合が組成物全量の0.
    5〜30重量％である特許請求の範囲第１項記載の潤滑油
    組成物。
JP62115966A 1987-05-14 1987-05-14 温度特性改良潤滑油組成物 Expired - Lifetime JP2555284B2 (ja)

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JP62115966A JP2555284B2 (ja) 1987-05-14 1987-05-14 温度特性改良潤滑油組成物
US07/183,777 US4853139A (en) 1987-05-14 1988-04-20 Lubricating oil composition having improved temperature characteristics
DE8888107478T DE3867302D1 (de) 1987-05-14 1988-05-10 Schmiermittelzusammensetzungen fuer externe anwendungstemperaturen.
EP88107478A EP0291006B1 (en) 1987-05-14 1988-05-10 Lubricating oil composition having improved temperature characteristics

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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KR101410177B1 (ko) 2007-04-05 2014-06-19 제이엑스 닛코닛세키에너지주식회사 기어유 조성물

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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