JP2022501789A - 二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022501789A JP2022501789A JP2021517669A JP2021517669A JP2022501789A JP 2022501789 A JP2022501789 A JP 2022501789A JP 2021517669 A JP2021517669 A JP 2021517669A JP 2021517669 A JP2021517669 A JP 2021517669A JP 2022501789 A JP2022501789 A JP 2022501789A
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- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- KQFUCKFHODLIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Mn] KQFUCKFHODLIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年10月26日付韓国特許出願第10−2018−0129161号に基づく優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示された全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
本発明の二次電池用正極活物質は、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)及びマンガン(Mn)を含むリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物であり、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、Zr、Al、V、Co及びMgからなる群から選択された2種以上の第1ドーパント、及びTi、Y、Sr、Nb、Ba及びCaからなる群から選択された2種以上の第2ドーパントを含み、前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粒子は結晶子サイズ(Crystallite size)が170から300nmである。
LipNi1−(x1+y1+z1+w1)Cox1Mny1Ma z1Mb w1O2+δ
1次粒子の平均個数=1次粒子全体の個数/2次粒子全体の個数
次に、本発明の正極活物質の製造方法を説明する。
本発明のまた他の一実施形態によれば、前記正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池を提供する。
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型5L反応器で、NiSO4、CoSO4、MnSO4をニッケル:コバルト:マンガンのモル比が60:20:20となるようにする量で水中で混合し、2.4M濃度の前駆体形成溶液を準備した。
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型5L反応器で、NiSO4、CoSO4、MnSO4をニッケル:コバルト:マンガンのモル比が50:30:20となるようにする量で水中で混合し、2.4M濃度の前駆体形成溶液を準備した。
第1ドーパント原料物質としてCo(OH)2、MgOを最終の第1ドーパント元素全体の含量が5000ppmとなるように混合し、第2ドーパント原料物質としてNb2O5、Y2O3を最終の第2ドーパント元素全体の含量が1500ppmとなるように混合したことを除き、実施例1と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
第1ドーパント原料物質としてCo(OH)2、MgOを最終の第1ドーパント元素全体の含量が5000ppmとなるように混合し、第2ドーパント原料物質としてNb2O5、Y2O3を最終の第2ドーパント元素全体の含量が1500ppmとなるように混合したことを除き、実施例2と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
1次焼成温度を890℃にし、2次焼成温度を800℃にしたことを除き、実施例1と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
1次焼成温度を930℃にし、2次焼成温度を850℃にしたことを除き、実施例2と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
第1ドーパント原料物質及び第2ドーパント原料物質を混合しないことを除き、実施例1と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
第1ドーパント原料物質及び第2ドーパント原料物質を混合しないことを除き、実施例2と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
第1ドーパント原料物質としてZrO2を最終の第1ドーパント元素の含量が3500ppmとなるように混合し、第2ドーパント原料物質としてSrCO3を最終の第2ドーパント元素の含量が2000ppmとなるように混合したことを除き、実施例1と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
第1ドーパント原料物質としてZrO2を最終の第1ドーパント元素の含量が3500ppmとなるように混合し、第2ドーパント原料物質としてSrCO3を最終の第2ドーパント元素の含量が2000ppmとなるように混合したことを除き、実施例2と同様に行って正極活物質を製造した。
前記実施例1〜6、比較例1〜4で製造された正極活物質の比表面積及び結晶子サイズを測定した。比表面積は、気体吸着分析機(BELSORP mini II)を用いて測定しており、結晶子サイズ(Crystallite size)は、XRD(Bruker D4 Endeavor)を測定してその値を計算した。
前記実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜4で製造された正極活物質をFIB(Focused Ion Beam,集束イオンビーム)装置を用いて断面にエッチングした後、走査電子顕微鏡(FE‐SEM)を用いて20個以上の2次粒子の断面を観察した。このとき、2次粒子全体の個数に比べての1次粒子全体の個数を下記のように計算して断面上における2次粒子内の1次粒子の平均個数を確認した。その結果を表2に示した。
前記実施例1〜2、5及び比較例3で製造された正極活物質の熱安定性を評価するため、示差走査熱量測定器(SETARAM社製SENSYS Evo)を用いて温度による熱流量(Heat Flow)を測定した。具体的に、実施例1〜2、5及び比較例3の正極活物質を用いて製造例のように製造されたリチウム二次電池をSOC100%充電状態で分解してDSC測定用セルに正極と新しい電解液を投入し、毎分10℃ずつ常温から400℃まで昇温させながら測定を行った。その結果を表3に示した。
前記実施例1〜6、比較例1〜3で製造されたそれぞれの正極活物質、カーボンブラック導電材及びPVDFバインダをN‐メチルピロリドン溶媒中で重量比96:2:2の比率で混合して正極合材(粘度:5000mPa・s)を製造し、これをアルミニウム集電体の一面に塗布した後、130℃で乾燥し、圧延して正極を製造した。
実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜4の正極活物質を用いて実験例4のように製造されたリチウム二次電池を25℃、SOC10%で1.0Cで10秒間定電流放電を行い、測定された電圧降下を用いて抵抗を計算して比較し、その結果を下記表5に示した。
Claims (18)
- ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)及びマンガン(Mn)を含むリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物であり、
前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、Zr、Al、V、Co及びMgからなる群から選択された2種以上の第1ドーパント、及びTi、Y、Sr、Nb、Ba及びCaからなる群から選択された2種以上の第2ドーパントを含み、
前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粒子は、結晶子サイズが170から300nmである、二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粒子は、集束イオンビーム(FIB)装置を用いて断面にエッチングした後、走査電子顕微鏡(FE‐SEM)を用いて20個以上の2次粒子の断面を観察したとき、断面上における2次粒子内の1次粒子の平均個数が20個以下である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記第1ドーパントは、総含量が2,000から6,000ppmで含有されている、請求項1又は2に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記第2ドーパントは、総含量が500から3,000ppmで含有されている、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粒子は、比表面積が0.2から0.7m2/gである、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粒子は、断面上における2次粒子内の1次粒子の平均個数が10個以下である、請求項2に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、リチウム(Li)を除いた金属全体の含量のうちニッケル(Ni)の含量が60モル%以上である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物は、リチウム(Li)を除いた金属全体の含量のうちニッケル(Ni)の含量が60モル%未満である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)及びマンガン(Mn)を含む正極活物質前駆体と、リチウム原料物質及びZr、Al、V、Co及びMgからなる群から選択された2種以上の第1ドーパントの原料物質を混合して1次焼成を行う段階、及び
前記1次焼成の後、Ti、Y、Sr、Nb、Ba及びCaからなる群から選択された2種以上の第2ドーパントの原料物質を混合して2次焼成を行う段階を含み、
前記1次焼成及び前記2次焼成を介して、結晶子サイズが170から300nmであるリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粒子を形成する、二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記正極活物質前駆体が金属全体の含量のうちニッケル(Ni)の含量が60モル%以上である場合、前記1次焼成は800から1,000℃で行われる、請求項9に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記正極活物質前駆体が金属全体の含量のうちニッケル(Ni)の含量が60モル%未満である場合、前記1次焼成は900から1,100℃で行われる、請求項9に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記正極活物質前駆体が金属全体の含量のうちニッケル(Ni)の含量が60モル%以上である場合、前記2次焼成は600から950℃で行われる、請求項9又は10に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記正極活物質前駆体が金属全体の含量のうちニッケル(Ni)の含量が60モル%未満である場合、前記2次焼成は700から1,050℃で行われる、請求項9又は11に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次焼成及び2次焼成を介して形成されたリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物の粒子は、集束イオンビーム(FIB)装置を用いて断面にエッチングした後、走査電子顕微鏡(FE‐SEM)を用いて20個以上の2次粒子の断面を観察したとき、断面上における2次粒子内の1次粒子の平均個数が20個以下である、請求項9から13のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第1ドーパントの原料物質は、正極活物質全体の重量に対して前記第1ドーパントの総含量が2,000から6,000ppmで含有されるように混合される、請求項9から14のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第2ドーパントの原料物質は、正極活物質全体の重量に対して前記第2ドーパントの総含量が500から3,000ppmで含有されるように混合される、請求項9から15のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質を含む二次電池用正極。
- 請求項17に記載の二次電池用正極を含むリチウム二次電池。
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