JP2020511554A - 電気車両における生分解性炭化水素流体の使用 - Google Patents
電気車両における生分解性炭化水素流体の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
−モーターを冷却するため。
−モーターのパワーエレクトロニクスおよび/またはローターおよび/またはステーターを冷却するため。
−電池を冷却するため。
−モーターを潤滑するため。
−モーターのローターとステーターの間の軸受および/または減速機を潤滑するため。
−トランスミッションを潤滑するため。
−モーターを冷却および潤滑するため。
−モーターを冷却し、かつトランスミッションを潤滑するため。
本発明は、200〜400℃の範囲の沸点を有し、95%を超えるイソパラフィンを含み、100重量ppm未満の芳香族化合物を含む、改良された流体を利用する。それは、80〜180℃の温度、50〜160barの圧力、液空間速度0.2〜5時−1および200Nm3/トン以下の供給原料の水素処理速度で、95重量%を超える水素化脱酸素化異性化炭化水素バイオマス供給原料または95重量%を超える合成ガス由来原料を含む供給原料を、接触水素化するステップを含むプロセスによって得られる。
−圧力:80〜150bar、好ましくは90〜120bar;
−温度:120〜160℃、好ましくは150〜160℃;
−液空間速度(LHSV):0.4〜3、好ましくは0.5〜0.8時−1;
−水素処理量は、供給原料200Nm3/トン以下。
−合計量80〜98%のC15イソパラフィンおよびC16イソパラフィン;または
−合計量80〜98%のC16イソパラフィン、C17イソパラフィンおよびC18イソパラフィン;または
−合計量80〜98%のC17イソパラフィンおよびC18イソパラフィン。
−流体は、3%未満、好ましくは1%未満、より好ましくは約0%の、Cquatとして表される炭素を含む;
−流体は、20%未満、好ましくは18%未満、より好ましくは15%未満のCH satとして表される炭素を含む;
−流体は、40%超え、好ましくは50%超え、さらに好ましくは60%超えのCH2 satとして表される炭素を含む;
−流体は、30%未満、好ましくは28%未満、より好ましくは25%未満のCH3 satとして表される炭素を含む;
−流体は、20%未満、好ましくは18%未満、より好ましくは15%未満のCH3長鎖として表される炭素を含む;
−流体は、15%未満、好ましくは10%未満、より好ましくは9%未満のCH3短鎖として表される炭素を含む。
第一の変形によれば、供給原料または単に原料は、バイオマスで実施されるように、水素化脱酸素化およびそれに続く異性化(以後「HDO/ISO」)のプロセスの結果である供給原料であり得る。
n(CO+2H2)=(−CH2−)n+nH2O+熱
必要ならば、2:1以外の水素:一酸化炭素比を用いてもよい。一酸化炭素および水素は、それ自体有機または無機、天然または合成の供給源から、典型的には天然ガスまたは有機的に誘導されたメタンのいずれかから誘導することができる。例えば、それはバイオマスまたは石炭からも誘導することができる。
HDO/ISOまたは合成ガスから出た原料は、次いで水素化される。その原料は任意に予備分留することができる。
−圧力:50〜160bar、好ましくは80〜150bar、そして最も好ましくは90〜120barまたは100〜150bar;
−温度:80〜180℃、好ましくは120〜160℃、そして最も好ましくは150〜160℃;
−液空間速度(LHSV):0.2〜5時−1、好ましくは0.4〜3時−1、最も好ましくは0.5〜0.8時−1;
−水素処理量:上記の条件に適合し、最大200Nm3/トンの原料。
本発明で用いる流体、以下、単に「改良された流体」は、卓越した特性、分子量、蒸気圧、粘度、乾燥が重要である系での規定の蒸発条件、および規定の表面張力を有する。
−合計量80〜98%のC15イソパラフィンおよびC16イソパラフィン;または
−合計量80〜98%のC16イソパラフィン、C17イソパラフィンおよびC18イソパラフィン;または
−合計量80〜98%のC17イソパラフィンおよびC18イソパラフィン。
− 30〜70%のC15イソパラフィンおよび30〜70%のC16イソパラフィン、好ましくは40〜60%のC15イソパラフィンおよび35〜55%のC16イソパラフィン;
− 5〜25%のC15イソパラフィン、30〜70%のC16イソパラフィンおよび10〜40%のC17イソパラフィン、好ましくは8〜15%のC15イソパラフィン、40〜60%のC16イソパラフィンおよび15〜25%のC17イソパラフィン;
− 5〜30%のC17イソパラフィンおよび70〜95%のC18イソパラフィン、好ましくは10〜25%のC17イソパラフィンおよび70〜90%のC18イソパラフィン。
潤滑剤として使用するとき、改良された流体は、潤滑組成物中にあり、これは組成物の全重量に対して1〜100重量%を占めることができる。好ましい実施形態では、潤滑組成物は、組成物の全重量に対して、50〜99重量%、好ましくは70〜99重量%、好ましくは80〜99重量%を占める;この実施形態は、潤滑組成物中の大部分または単独の基油としての本発明の流体の使用に対応し得る。
式中、R4は、任意に置換された、脂肪族基または芳香族基を表し、R5は、任意に置換された芳香族基を表し、R6は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基または式R7S(O)zR8の基を表し、式中、R7は、アルキレン基またはアルケニレン基を表し、R8は、アルキル基、アルケニル基またはアリール基を表し、zは、0、1または2を表す。
図1は、電気またはハイブリッド車両における電動化の概略図を示す。
本発明のプロセスでは、NEXBTL原料(イソアルカン)である原料が使用される。以下の水素化条件が使用される:
反応器内の温度は、約150〜160℃であり;圧力は、約100barであり、液空間速度は、0.6時−1であり;処理速度は適応される。使用される触媒は、アルミナ上のニッケルである。
引火点 EN ISO 2719
流動点 EN ISO 3016
15℃での密度 EN ISO 1185
40℃での粘度 EN ISO 3104
アニリン点 EN ISO 2977
HFRR EN ISO 12156
EPテスター API”の推奨指針−API RP 13
熱伝導率1 内部フラッシュ法
比熱2 熱量測定による方法
装置は、まず、異なる温度で基準試料、SERIOLA 1510(熱伝達媒体)を用いて較正される。異なる熱特性は、以前に別に測定した。
試料を混合し、(シリンジを用いて)2つの管の間の環状空間に入れる。次に、装填された装置を温度が調節されたチャンバー内に置く。
各温度測定について、以下の手順に従う。試料を所定の温度で安定化する。次に、内側管の内面に閃光を当て、外側管の外面の温度上昇を経時的に記録する。
各所定温度での少なくとも3つの測定で得られた平均値に基づいて、熱伝導率を計算する。
本発明で使用した流体(実施例3)および比較組成物(比較例4)の熱伝達率を測定するために行った実験について以下に説明する。前記比較組成物は、電気車両およびハイブリッド車両の冷却流体として有用な化石由来のポリ−アルファ−オレフィン(PAO1およびPAO2)である。
この実験は、誘導によって加熱された金属プレート上に垂直にスプレーノズルを通して流体ジェットを向けることからなる。加熱されたプレートの上に配置されたサーマルカメラが、流体の噴霧中の温度プロファイルを記録する。プレート上の温度変動を測定することで、組成物の熱伝達率が得られる。
Claims (19)
- 電気車両またはハイブリッド車両における、200℃〜400℃の範囲の沸点および80℃未満の沸点範囲を有する流体の使用であって、前記流体は、95%重量を超えるイソパラフィンと、3重量%未満のナフテンと、少なくとも95重量%のバイオカーボン含有量とを含み、100重量ppm未満の芳香族化合物を含む、使用。
- 電気車両における、請求項1に記載の使用。
- モーターを冷却するための、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- モーターのパワーエレクトロニクスおよび/またはローターおよび/またはステーターを冷却するための、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 電池を冷却するための、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- モーターを潤滑するための、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- モーターのローターとステーターとの間の軸受および/または減速機を潤滑するための、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- トランスミッションを潤滑するための、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- モーターを冷却および潤滑するための、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- モーターを冷却し、かつトランスミッションを潤滑するための、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- 前記流体が、220℃〜340℃、好ましくは250℃〜340℃の範囲の沸点を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記沸点範囲が、240℃〜275℃、または250℃〜295℃、または285℃〜335℃である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記流体が、80〜180℃の温度、50〜160barの圧力、0.2〜5時−1の液空間速度および200Nm3/トン以下の供給原料の水素処理速度で、95重量%を超える水素化脱酸素化異性化炭化水素バイオマス原料を含む供給原料、または95質量%を超える合成ガス由来原料を含む供給原料を接触水素化するステップを含むプロセスによって得られる、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記供給原料が、98重量%を超える、好ましくは99重量%を超える水素化脱酸素化異性化炭化水素バイオマス原料を含み、より好ましくは、水素化脱酸素化異性化炭化水素バイオマス原料からなり、特に前記バイオマスが、植物油、そのエステルまたはそのトリグリセリドであり、前記供給原料は、より好ましくは、HVO供給原料であるか、または前記供給原料は、合成ガス、より好ましくは再生可能な合成ガスに由来する原料を98重量%超、好ましくは99重量%超含む、請求項13に記載の使用。
- 前記水素化ステップの前、または前記水素化ステップの後、またはその両方で分留ステップを行う、請求項13または14に記載の使用
- 前記流体が、50重量ppm未満、好ましくは20重量ppm未満の芳香族化合物を含む、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記流体が、1重量%未満、好ましくは500ppm未満、有利には50ppm未満のナフテンを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記流体が、5ppm未満、さらに3ppm未満、さらに好ましくは0.5ppm未満の硫黄を含む、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- OECD 306規格に従って測定したとき、前記流体が、28日で少なくとも60%、好ましくは少なくとも70%、より好ましくは少なくとも75%、有利には少なくとも80%の生分解性を有する、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
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JP7365471B2 (ja) | 2023-10-19 |
US11021669B2 (en) | 2021-06-01 |
EP3315590A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
KR20190074284A (ko) | 2019-06-27 |
EP3532576B1 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
WO2018078024A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
JP2022166152A (ja) | 2022-11-01 |
TW201821601A (zh) | 2018-06-16 |
ES2922877T3 (es) | 2022-09-21 |
CN110099987A (zh) | 2019-08-06 |
EP3532576A1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
CN110099987B (zh) | 2023-05-12 |
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