JP2014031381A - 水不溶性の無機リン酸塩結合剤を含む顆粒状物質 - Google Patents
水不溶性の無機リン酸塩結合剤を含む顆粒状物質 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】(i)顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも50重量%の化学式(I)で示されるリン酸塩を結合しうる固体の水不溶性混合金属化合物:
MII 1-xMIIIx(OH)2An-y.zH2O (I)
[式中、
MIIはマグネシウム、カルシウム、ランタンおよびセリウムの少なくとも1種であり;
MIIIは少なくとも鉄(III)であり;
An-は少なくとも1種のn価のアニオンであり;
x=Σny;
0<x≦0.67、0<y≦1、および0≦z≦10である]
(ii)顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも3重量%から12重量%の非化学的結合水、および
(iii)顆粒状物質の重量当り47重量%以下の賦形剤。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、水不溶性の無機固体(特に混合金属化合物)を含み、リン酸塩結合剤のような薬剤活性を持つ顆粒に関する。本発明はまた、顆粒の製造法および経口投与用単位用量での使用も含む。
(i)顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも50重量%の、化学式(I)で示されるリン酸塩を結合しうる固体の水不溶性混合金属化合物:
MII 1-xMIII x(OH)2An- y.zH2O (I)
[式中、
MIIはマグネシウム、カルシウム、ランタンおよびセリウムの少なくとも1種であり;
MIIIは少なくとも鉄(III)であり;
An-は少なくとも1種のn価のアニオンであり;
x=Σny;
0<x≦0.67、0<y≦1、および0≦z≦10である]
(ii)顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも3%から12重量%の非化学的結合水、および
(iii)顆粒状物質の重量当り47重量%以下の賦形剤、
を含む顆粒性物質を提供する。
リン酸塩結合剤
リン酸イオンの結合とは、リン酸イオンが溶液から除かれており、また水不溶性の無機固体リン酸塩結合剤の原子構造において固定化されていることを意味する。
本発明は、
(i)顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも50重量%の化学式(I)で示されるリン酸塩を結合しうる固体の水不溶性混合金属化合物:
MII 1-xMIII x(OH)2An- y.zH2O (I)
[式中、
MIIはマグネシウム、カルシウム、ランタンおよびセリウムの少なくとも1種であり;
MIIIは少なくとも鉄(III)であり;
An-は少なくとも1種のn価のアニオンであり;
x=Σny;
0<x≦0.67、0<y≦1、および0≦z≦10である]
(ii)顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも3から12重量%の非化学的結合水、および
(iii)顆粒状物質の重量当り47重量%以下の賦形剤、
を含む顆粒状物質を提供する。本発明はさらに、顆粒状物質を含有する耐水カプセルを含む経口投与の単位用量体を提供する。本発明はさらに顆粒状物質の圧縮錠剤を含む経口投与の単位用量体を提供する。好ましくは、その錠剤は耐水コーティングで覆われている。
MII 1-xMIII x(OH)2An- y.zH2O (I)
[式中、
MIIは少なくとも一つの二価金属であり;
MIIIは少なくとも一つの三価金属であり;
An-は少なくとも一つのn価のアニオンであり;
x=Σnyであり、x、y、zは0<x≦0.67、0<y≦1、0≦z≦10を満たす。]
本明細書中でいうリン酸塩結合能力とは、特別に指定がない限り、以下の方法で決定される。
リン酸二水素ナトリウム一水和物(BDH、AnalaRTMグレード)、1M塩酸(AnalaRTM水溶液)、標準リン溶液(10,000μg/ml、Romil Ltd)、塩化ナトリウム(BDH)
である。
回転ハイブリダイゼーションインキュベーター(Grant Boekal HIW7)、10ml採血管、再利用Nalgeneスクリューキャップチューブ(30ml/50ml)、10ml使い捨てシリンジ、0.45μm使い捨てシリンジフィルター、ICP-OES(誘導結合プラズマ-光学発光分光器)
である。
mmol=(ppmにおけるICP-OES測定値/検体の分子量)×4(希釈係数)
リン酸塩結合(%)=100−(T/S×100)
[式中、
T=リン酸塩結合剤と反応後の溶液中のリン酸塩の分析値
S=リン酸塩結合剤と反応前の溶液中のリン酸塩の分析値]
により決定される。
当然のことながら、できるかぎり広いpH領域にわたって高いリン酸塩結合能力を持つことが望ましい。
本発明の顆粒は、少なくとも50重量%、好ましくは少なくとも60重量%、より好ましくは少なくとも70重量%、最も好ましくは少なくとも75重量%の無機リン酸塩結合剤を含む。
ふさわしくは、少なくとも95重量%の顆粒は、ふるいによる測定において1180マイクロメートルより小さい直径を有する。
顆粒に含まれうる好ましい賦形剤は、例えば、ラクトース、デンプン、タルカムのような一般的な固体希釈剤だけでなく、ゼラチン、デキストリンおよび大豆、小麦、オオバコ種子タンパク質のような動物性あるいは植物性タンパク質由来の物質;アカシア、グアー、寒天、およびキサンタンのようなゴム;多糖;アルギン酸塩;カルボキシメチルセルロース;カラギナン;デキストラン;ペクチン;ポリビニルピロリドンのようなポリマー;ポリペプチド/タンパク質あるいはゼラチン-アカシア複合体のような多糖類複合体;マンニトール、ブドウ糖、ガラクトースおよびトレハロースのような糖類;シクロデキストリンのような環状糖;リン酸ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム、およびケイ酸アルミニウムのような無機塩類;そして、グリシン、L-アラニン、L-アスパラギン酸、L-グルタミン酸、L-ヒドロキシプロリン、L-イソロイシン、L-ロイシンおよびL-フェニルアラニンのような2から12の炭素原子を持つアミノ酸、を含む。
造粒は、:
i)均一混合になるように、一つ以上の賦形剤とリン酸塩結合能力を持つ固体の水不溶性の無機化合物を混合する。
ii)均一混合に適当な液体を添加し、湿顆粒を形成するように造粒機で混合する。
iii)ふるいの大きさより大きい顆粒を取り除くために、適宜、湿顆粒をふるいに通す。
iv)乾燥顆粒になるまで、湿顆粒を乾燥させる。
v)乾燥顆粒を製粉および/あるいはふるいにかける。
の段階を含む工程により行われうる。
i)均一混合になるように、無機の固体リン酸塩結合剤と好ましい賦形剤を混合する。
ii)その均一混合に適当な液体を添加し、顆粒を形成するように造粒機で混合する。
iii)ふるいの大きさより大きい顆粒を除くために、適宜、湿顆粒をふるいに通す。
iv)顆粒を乾燥させる。
v)乾燥顆粒を製粉および/あるいはふるいにかける。
の段階を含む湿式造粒による。
単位容量組成に顆粒が錠剤化される前に、錠剤を形成するための顆粒の圧縮中に、滑沢剤あるいは流動促進剤が顆粒の全体を覆うようにかつ顆粒の間に分布しているように、顆粒は滑沢剤あるいは流動促進剤と混ぜ合わされることが好ましい。
発明の第3の態様の錠剤は、包装および流通の間に要求される取り扱いに対する必須の圧壊強度を持つ錠剤を作るために、高い圧力下における顆粒の圧縮により作られうる。粒状の粉末混合物から形成される顆粒の使用は、貯蔵ホッパーから錠剤プレス機への流動性、言い換えると錠剤製造過程の効率的利点、を向上させる。本発明の錠剤に用いられる無機リン酸塩結合剤は、概して、上記に詳述したようなそれらの望ましい粒子サイズにおいて流動性という性質が乏しい。発明の錠剤は錠剤のほぼ50重量%程度あるいはそれ以上の高い濃度の無機のリン酸塩結合剤を含むことが望まれるので、無機のリン酸塩結合剤は錠剤の形成の前に顆粒の形にされなければならない。微細な粉末は、ホッパー、給送管あるいは型において圧縮あるいは“架橋”されやすく、それ故に同等の重量あるいは同等の圧縮の錠剤は得ることが簡単でない。たとえ十分な度合いまで微細な粉末を圧縮することが可能だったとしても、空気が閉じこめられて圧縮されうり、そのことは排出の際の錠剤の分裂を引き起こしうる。顆粒の使用はこれらの問題を解決しうる。顆粒化の他の利点は、微細な粉末からよりもむしろ顆粒から作ったときの最終的な錠剤のかさ密度の増加、最終的な錠剤のサイズの縮小および患者の薬剤服用順守の可能性の向上、である。
発明の第2の態様の錠剤は、いったん発明の第1の態様の顆粒の形状を形成し、耐水コーティングがなされることが好ましい。
発明の第2の態様に用いられるカプセルは、他の好ましいカプセル膜も使用できるけれども、堅いゼラチンカプセルが好ましい。
高リン血症の治療と予防において、望ましい結果を得るためには、0.1から500mg/kg体重、好ましくは1から200mg/kg体重の量の無機のリン酸塩結合剤を毎日投与するのが望ましい。それでも、患者の体重、患者の動物種および薬や処方あるいは時間あるいは薬の投与の間隔に対する患者特有の反応によって、ときどき上述した量から逸脱する必要がありうる。特別な場合においては、上記の最小量より少ない使用で足りうる一方、他の場合においては、最大用量を超えなくてはならないことがある。より大きな用量においては、用量をいくつかの小さな単回投与に分けることが賢明でありうる。結局のところ、用量は担当医師の裁量によって決まる。食前投与、例えば食前1時間以内が望ましい。あるいは、食事とともに服用されうる。
ここで論じられるように、我々は、本発明の方法が摂氏25度/相対湿度60%および摂氏30度/相対湿度65RHにおいて少なくとも12か月間にわたって安定である(小さい顆粒および大きい顆粒の粒子サイズに関する表7を参照)錠剤を提供しうることを見いだした。より極端な保存条件(摂氏40度/相対湿度75%)のもとでは、保存安定性はどちらの顆粒タイプでも少なくとも6か月である。
本発明のさらなる態様は以下の番号付けされた項目に記載されている。:
MII 1-xMIII x(OH)2An- y.zH2O (I)
[式中、
MIIは少なくとも一つの二価金属であり;
MIIIは少なくとも一つの三価金属であり;
An-は少なくとも一つのn価のアニオンであり;
x=Σnyかつx、yおよびzは0<x≦0.67、0<y≦1、0≦z≦10を満たす。]
(ii)顆粒状物質の重量当り3から12重量%の非化学的結合水、および
(iii)顆粒状物質の重量当り47重量%以下の賦形剤、
を含む顆粒状物質。
MII 1-xMIII x(OH)2An- y.zH2O (I)
[式中、
MIIは少なくとも一つの二価金属であり;
MIIIは少なくとも一つの三価金属であり;
An-は少なくとも一つのn価のアニオンであり;
x=Σny;
0<x≦0.67、0<y≦1、および0≦z≦10]
i)リン酸塩を結合しうる固体の水不溶性無機化合物と一つ以上の賦形剤を混合して均一混合物を調製し、
ii)該均一混合物を造粒機内で適切な液体と接触、混合して湿顆粒を形成させ、
iii)適宜、該湿顆粒をふるいに通してふるいのサイズより大きい顆粒を取り除き、
iv)該湿顆粒を乾燥させて乾燥顆粒とし、
v)該乾燥顆粒を微粉砕および/またはふるいにかける
の段階を含む調製工程。
84.02%精製水、0.81%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム、8.08%ブチルメタクリレート共重合体(オイドラギット EPO)、1.21%ステアリン酸、2.09%タルク、2.83%ステアリン酸マグネシウム、0.64%二酸化チタン、0.32%弁柄である。そのコーティングは48℃の温風を用いて塗布した後、乾燥される。
全ての顆粒は、106マイクロメートルより小さい直径の顆粒が25重量%より少なくなるようにふるいにかけられた。
Claims (28)
- (i)顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも50重量%の化学式(I)で示されるリン酸塩を結合しうる固体の水不溶性混合金属化合物:
MII 1-xMIII x(OH)2An- y.zH2O (I)
[式中、
MIIはマグネシウム、カルシウム、ランタンおよびセリウムの少なくとも1種であり;
MIIIは少なくとも鉄(III)であり;
An-は少なくとも1種のn価のアニオンであり;
x=Σny;
0<x≦0.67、0<y≦1、および0≦z≦10である]
(ii)顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも3から12重量%の非化学的結合水、および
(iii)顆粒状物質の重量当り47重量%以下の賦形剤、
を含む顆粒状物質。 - x=Σny;0<x≦0.5、0<y≦1、および0≦z≦10である請求項1に記載の顆粒状物質。
- 化学式(I)で示される混合金属化合物が層状2水酸化物から成る請求項1あるいは2に記載の顆粒状物質。
- 該混合金属化合物が、少なくとも一つの水酸化物イオンおよび炭酸イオン、そして金属として鉄(III)およびマグネシウムを含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質。
- 賦形剤として顆粒状物質の重量当り5から20重量%のアルファ化澱粉を含む、前述の請求項のいずれかに記載の顆粒状物質。
- 賦形剤として顆粒状物質の重量当り1から15重量%の架橋ポリビニルピロリドンを含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質。
- 賦形剤が少なくともアルファ化澱粉およびクロスポビドンを含む請求項1から6のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質。
- 顆粒状物質の重量当り少なくとも95%の顆粒が1180マイクロメートル未満の直径を有する、前述の請求項のいずれかに記載の顆粒状物質。
- 前述の請求項のいずれかに記載の顆粒状物質を含有する耐水カプセルを含む経口投与の単位用量体。
- 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の顆粒状物質の圧縮錠剤を含む経口投与の単位用量体。
- 該顆粒の間にさらに滑沢剤を含む請求項10に記載の単位用量体。
- 該滑沢剤がステアリン酸マグネシウムであるかまたはそれを含む、請求項11に記載の単位用量体。
- 請求項10から12のいずれか一つに記載の、耐水コーティングで被覆された単位用量体。
- 該耐水コーティングが少なくとも30重量%のブチルメタクリレート共重合体を含む、請求項13に記載の単位用量体。
- 該錠剤が2mm以上の幅のベリーバンドを有する、請求項13あるいは14に記載の単位用量体。
- リン酸塩を結合しうる該固体の水不溶性無機化合物が少なくとも200mg含まれる、請求項9から15のいずれか一つに記載の単位用量体。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質の製造方法であって、下記の工程;
i)式(I)の化合物と一つ以上の賦形剤を混合して均一混合物を調製し、
ii)該均一混合物を造粒機内で適切な液体と接触、混合して湿顆粒を形成させ、
iii)適宜、該湿顆粒をふるいに通してふるいのサイズより大きい顆粒を取り除き、
iv)該湿顆粒を乾燥させて乾燥顆粒とし、
v)該乾燥顆粒を微粉砕および/またはふるいにかける
ことを特徴とする製造方法。 - 該液体が水、エタノール、およびその混合物から選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 医薬に使用される、請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質。
- リン酸塩を結合する薬剤の製造における、請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質の使用。
- リン酸塩濃度と関連する症状または疾病の治療に用いられる薬剤の製造における、請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質の使用。
- 有害なリン酸塩濃度を伴う症状または疾病の治療に用いられる薬剤の製造における、請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質の使用。
- 血漿中のリン酸濃度の増大を伴う症状または疾病の治療に用いられる薬剤の製造における、請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質の使用。
- 高リン血症の治療に用いられる薬剤の製造における、請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の顆粒状物質の使用。
- 実施例を参照して実質的に記載される顆粒状物質。
- 実施例を参照して実質的に記載される単位用量体。
- 実施例を参照して実質的に記載される方法。
- 実施例を参照して実質的に記載される使用。
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