JP2008506881A - 排気放出削減用のハイブリッド触媒システム - Google Patents
排気放出削減用のハイブリッド触媒システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008506881A JP2008506881A JP2007520916A JP2007520916A JP2008506881A JP 2008506881 A JP2008506881 A JP 2008506881A JP 2007520916 A JP2007520916 A JP 2007520916A JP 2007520916 A JP2007520916 A JP 2007520916A JP 2008506881 A JP2008506881 A JP 2008506881A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- ammonia
- exhaust
- adsorbing device
- lnt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 73
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 230
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 58
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 diesel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVYXAGFFVZOEDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [O-2].[Zr+4].P(=O)([O-])([O-])O Chemical class [O-2].[Zr+4].P(=O)([O-])([O-])O CVYXAGFFVZOEDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- F01N2240/25—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ammonia generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/30—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)、SCRリアクター(14)、アンモニア源(15)を有する自動車の排気処理システムであって、
前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)は、排気が希薄な時、排気を受取り、排気からNOXを吸着するように構成されており、
前記SCRリアクター(14)は、再生中に前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)によって生成されたアンモニアを受取るように、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)の下流側に構成されており、
前記アンモニア源(15)は、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)とは別体であり、前記SCRリアクター(14)に追加のアンモニアを供給するように構成されており、
前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)内の大気が豊富な時、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)は、吸着されたNOXの少なくとも一部をN2に還元することに適し、
前記SCRリアクター(14)は、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)を通る、又は脱着されたNOXの少なくとも一部をアンモニアを用いて還元することに適することを特徴とする自動車の排気処理システム。 - 前記アンモニア源は、炭酸アンモニウム又は尿素のリザーバーを構成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の自動車の排気処理システム。
- さらに、排気流と直線状に並ぶように構成された燃料改質装置を備えて、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)の再生中、過度の酸素を消費したり、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)に合成ガスを供給させるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の自動車の排気処理システム。
- NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)、管、燃料改質装置(34)、アンモニアSCR触媒(14)を有する排気処理システムであって、
前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)は、希薄排気からのNOXを吸着して、蓄えるように構成されており、
前記管は、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)に排気を導くように構成されており、前記排気処理システムの通常の操作中、排気が前記管内を通り、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)に到達しなければならないようにし、
前記燃料改質装置(34)は、前記管内に配置されて、少なくとも前記管内を通過する排気のかたまりが、前記燃料改質装置(34)も通過するようにし、
前記アンモニアSCR触媒(14)は、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)から脱着されたガスを受取るように構成されており、
前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)は、再生中にアンモニアを生成するように機能し、前記SCR触媒(14)は、このように生成されたアンモニアを吸着するように機能し、
前記SCR触媒は、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)の再生直後の期間中に、前記吸着したアンモニアを用いてNOXと触媒の反作用を行わせることで、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)を通るNOXを還元させるように機能することを特徴とする排気処理システム。 - 請求項4に記載の排気処理システムと、
ディーゼルエンジン(11)と、
制御器と、を有する自動車であって、
前記制御器は、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)がNOXを効果的に取り除ける間、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)の再生を開始して、アンモニアに変換され得る吸着されたNOXの部分が再生を延ばされた場合と比べて、再生中にアンモニアに変換され得る吸着されたNOXの部分を増大させることを特徴とする自動車。 - 前記排気処理システムは、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)上で吸着されたNOXの少なくとも約40%をアンモニアに変換するように操作されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の自動車。
- 請求項4に記載の排気処理システムと、
ディーゼルエンジン(11)と、
制御器と、を有する自動車であって、
前記制御器は、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)から解放されたアンモニアの量とNOXの量の間の割合を目標に、前記NOX吸着装置−触媒(12)の再生を制御することを特徴とする自動車。
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US10/890,642 US7213395B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2004-07-14 | Hybrid catalyst system for exhaust emissions reduction |
PCT/IB2005/002011 WO2006008625A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2005-07-14 | Hybrid catalyst system for exhaust emissions reduction |
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US20060010857A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
JP4674695B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 |
WO2006008625A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
BRPI0513102A (pt) | 2008-04-29 |
CA2573815A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
EP1784247A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
CN101018597A (zh) | 2007-08-15 |
US20070033928A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
US7334400B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
US7213395B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 |
US20060010859A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
US7650746B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
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