JP6392024B2 - 排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6392024B2 JP6392024B2 JP2014164171A JP2014164171A JP6392024B2 JP 6392024 B2 JP6392024 B2 JP 6392024B2 JP 2014164171 A JP2014164171 A JP 2014164171A JP 2014164171 A JP2014164171 A JP 2014164171A JP 6392024 B2 JP6392024 B2 JP 6392024B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- catalyst
- metal oxide
- sulfur
- solid acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/068—Noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7015—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/82—Phosphates
- B01J29/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
- B01J29/85—Silicoaluminophosphates [SAPO compounds]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/104—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/209—Other metals
- B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/902—Multilayered catalyst
- B01D2255/9022—Two layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/911—NH3-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
- B01D53/949—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start for storing sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
- F01N2370/04—Zeolitic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/067—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction usable with sulfurised fuels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本開示の技術における排気浄化装置の他の態様は、前記固体酸金属酸化物が、チャバサイトである。
本開示の技術における排気浄化装置の他の態様は、前記排気の流れる方向における前記還元触媒よりも上流に、前記排気を加熱する加熱部をさらに備える。前記吸着層は、前記アンモニアと前記排気に含まれる三酸化硫黄または四酸化硫黄との反応生成物である硫酸アンモニウムを生成し、前記加熱部は、前記硫酸アンモニウムが熱分解する温度まで前記排気の温度を高めて、前記三酸化硫黄または前記四酸化硫黄よりも前記銀との反応性が低い二酸化硫黄を生成する。
図1を参照してエンジンの概略構成を説明する。
図1に示されるように、エンジン10のシリンダブロック11は、一列に並んでいる6つのシリンダ11aを有している。シリンダブロック11の近傍には、シリンダ11aの並ぶ方向に延びるコモンレール12が配置され、コモンレール12は、圧力の高められた燃料である軽油を溜める。コモンレール12は、6つの燃料噴射弁13に接続し、各燃料噴射弁13は、相互に異なるシリンダ11aに向けて軽油を噴射する。
図2および図3を参照して還元触媒22の構成を説明する。なお、図2には、流通方向と直交する面に沿った還元触媒22の断面構造が示されている。また、図3には、図示の便宜上、図2の3−3線に沿った還元触媒22の断面構造のうち、セル壁と、セル壁における流通方向に沿って延びる1つの面に積層された多層触媒52の断面構造とが示されている。
図3に示されるように、多層触媒52は、モノリス担体51のセル壁51aを覆う触媒層61と、触媒層61を覆う吸着層62とを有している。吸着層62は、触媒層61を覆うことによって、還元触媒22における排気Exに接する表面22sを形成している。
触媒層61にて、NOxの還元剤として用いられる軽油中の炭化水素は、排気中に含まれる炭化水素、および、フィルター添加弁23と触媒添加弁24との少なくとも一方が排気に添加した炭化水素を含む。炭化水素は、炭素数が10から20であるアルカンを主に含み、直鎖状のアルカンおよび分岐鎖状のアルカンを含む。
吸着層62を構成する固体酸金属酸化物は、触媒層61を構成する粒子の形成材料と比べて、酸点の量である酸量が大きい。これにより、触媒層61で生成されたNH3が吸着層62の酸点に吸着する確率が高くなる。そのため、触媒層61で生成されたNH3は、吸着層62の酸点に吸着しやすくなる。
(M1,M2 1/2)m(AlmSinO2(m+n))・xH2O…(A)
なお、M1は、例えば、Li+、Na+、および、K+等であり、M2は、例えば、Ca2+、Mg2+、および、Ba2+等である。ゼオライトは、例えば、チャバサイト構造を有するものが好ましく、チャバサイトがさらに好ましい。
ゼオライトおよびSAPOでは、アルミナと同様に、水酸基や電荷を有する原子が酸点として機能するため、NH3が吸着層62に吸着される。
図4から図7を参照して排気浄化装置20の作用を説明する。なお、図4から図7では、多層触媒52が形成されるモノリス担体51の図示が省略されている。
NH3+H+→NH4 +…(1)
図6に示されるように、排気に含まれる硫黄酸化物(SOx)、例えば、三酸化硫黄が吸着層62に到達すると、吸着層62に吸着されたNH3と三酸化硫黄とによる反応、すなわち、以下の反応式2で示される反応が吸着層62にて生じる。
2NH3+SO3+H2O→(NH4)2SO4…(2)
このように、還元触媒22の表面22sがNH3を吸着する吸着層62によって形成されているため、還元触媒22に供給された排気に含まれる硫黄酸化物は、まず、吸着層62に接する。そして、硫黄酸化物、例えば、三酸化硫黄がNH3と反応して反応生成物である硫酸アンモニウムを生成することで、硫黄酸化物が吸着層62に捕らえられる。それゆえに、還元触媒22に供給された硫黄酸化物が吸着層62を通過して触媒層61に到達することが抑えられ、触媒層61に含まれる銀が硫黄酸化物と反応することが抑えられる。
(1)触媒層61を覆う吸着層62が還元触媒22の表面22sを形成するため、排気に含まれる硫黄酸化物が、吸着層62が吸着したアンモニアと反応する。これにより、硫黄酸化物が吸着層62に吸着されるため、硫黄酸化物が触媒層61に接することが抑えられる。結果として、触媒層61の機能が損なわれにくくなるため、排気に含まれるNOxの量が減りにくくなることが抑えられる。
・排気の流通方向における還元触媒22の上流には、加熱部の一例としてフィルター21が配置されている。これに限らず、加熱部は、例えば、バーナーであってもよいし、フィルター21とは別に排気浄化装置20が搭載する酸化触媒でもよい。要は、加熱部は、流通方向における還元触媒22の上流にて、排気の温度を高めることのできるものであればよく、こうした構成によっても、上記(5)に準じた効果を得ることができる。
(付記1)
前記複数の孔の各々の直径が、
前記アンモニアよりも大きく、かつ、前記炭化水素よりも小さい
請求項2に記載の排気浄化装置。
前記加熱部は、
前記排気中の微粒子を捉えるフィルターである
請求項5に記載の排気浄化装置。
Claims (4)
- ディーゼルエンジンに搭載された排気浄化装置であって、
排気通路の途中に位置して排気に含まれる窒素酸化物を還元する還元触媒と、
前記排気の流れる方向において、前記還元触媒よりも上流に位置し、前記排気を加熱する加熱部と、
前記排気の流れる方向において、前記加熱部と前記還元触媒との間に位置し、前記排気に向けて軽油を噴射する触媒添加弁と、を備え、
前記還元触媒は、触媒層と、前記触媒層の全体を覆って前記排気に接する前記還元触媒の表面を形成する吸着層とを備え、
前記触媒層は、触媒としての銀と前記銀を担持する触媒担体とを含み、前記触媒担体がアルミナ、および、ゼオライトのいずれかであり、炭化水素を用いて前記窒素酸化物を還元することで、アンモニアを生成する反応を促し、
前記吸着層は、酸性を有する固体酸金属酸化物を含み、前記触媒層よりも酸量が大きく、前記触媒層にて生成されたアンモニアを吸着し、前記排気に含まれる硫黄酸化物と前記吸着したアンモニアとを接触させる特性を有し、これによって、前記アンモニアと前記排気に含まれる三酸化硫黄または四酸化硫黄との反応生成物である硫酸アンモニウムを生成し、
前記加熱部は、推定された前記排気に含まれる前記硫黄酸化物の量が所定の量よりも大きいとき、前記硫酸アンモニウムが熱分解する温度まで前記排気の温度を高めて、前記三酸化硫黄または前記四酸化硫黄よりも前記銀との反応性が低い二酸化硫黄を生成し、
前記触媒添加弁は、前記加熱部が前記排気の温度を高めると同時に、前記排気に前記軽油を噴射する
排気浄化装置。 - 前記固体酸金属酸化物は多孔質材料であり、
前記吸着層は、前記固体酸金属酸化物で形成された複数の粒子を含み、
前記固体酸金属酸化物の有する複数の孔は、前記孔の直径が、前記炭化水素よりも小さい孔を含む
請求項1に記載の排気浄化装置。 - 前記固体酸金属酸化物が、
アルミナ、シリカアルミナ、シリカチタニア、シリカマグネシア、ゼオライト、および、シリコアルミノフォスフェートから構成される群から選択される少なくとも1つである
請求項1または2に記載の排気浄化装置。 - 前記固体酸金属酸化物がチャバサイトである
請求項3に記載の排気浄化装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014164171A JP6392024B2 (ja) | 2014-08-12 | 2014-08-12 | 排気浄化装置 |
PCT/JP2015/072464 WO2016024535A1 (ja) | 2014-08-12 | 2015-08-07 | 排気浄化装置 |
CN201580042490.4A CN106574534B (zh) | 2014-08-12 | 2015-08-07 | 排气净化装置 |
EP15832569.6A EP3181846B1 (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2015-08-07 | Exhaust purification device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014164171A JP6392024B2 (ja) | 2014-08-12 | 2014-08-12 | 排気浄化装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016040449A JP2016040449A (ja) | 2016-03-24 |
JP6392024B2 true JP6392024B2 (ja) | 2018-09-19 |
Family
ID=55304163
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014164171A Active JP6392024B2 (ja) | 2014-08-12 | 2014-08-12 | 排気浄化装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3181846B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6392024B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106574534B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016024535A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3912718A4 (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2022-10-12 | Hitachi Zosen Corporation | Catalyst for exhaust gas purification use, and method for producing catalyst for exhaust gas purification use |
CN111167274B (zh) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-11-12 | 中南大学 | 一种从冶炼烟气中脱除三氧化硫的方法及其脱除装置 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06298676A (ja) * | 1993-04-19 | 1994-10-25 | Nippon Steel Chem Co Ltd | 2,6−ジエチルナフタレンの製造方法 |
JPH07289896A (ja) * | 1994-04-26 | 1995-11-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 排ガス浄化触媒およびその製造方法 |
JPH09249414A (ja) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-22 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | アンモニアおよび二酸化硫黄の製造方法 |
JP4228278B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-19 | 2009-02-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
KR100549778B1 (ko) * | 2003-09-27 | 2006-02-08 | 한국전력기술 주식회사 | 저온 탈질 특성을 갖는 바나듐/티타니아계 질소산화물제거용 촉매, 이의 사용방법 및 이의 탈질방법 |
EP1685891A4 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2009-03-11 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | METHOD FOR CATALYSIS REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDE AND CORRESPONDING CATALYST |
US7213395B2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-05-08 | Eaton Corporation | Hybrid catalyst system for exhaust emissions reduction |
JP4463248B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-31 | 2010-05-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | NOx低減化システムの制御方法 |
JP5122195B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-17 | 2013-01-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | NOx浄化触媒 |
JP5122196B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-17 | 2013-01-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | NOx浄化触媒 |
JP5770409B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-01 | 2015-08-26 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
JP5600390B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-17 | 2014-10-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
EP2924257B1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2016-05-25 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Exhaust-gas aftertreatment system with catalytically active wall-flow filter with storage function upstream of catalytic converter with identical storage function |
JP5871257B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-13 | 2016-03-01 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 排気浄化用触媒、排気浄化用触媒の使用方法及び排気浄化用触媒の製造方法 |
JP2013122179A (ja) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP5635488B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-12-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排気浄化触媒 |
-
2014
- 2014-08-12 JP JP2014164171A patent/JP6392024B2/ja active Active
-
2015
- 2015-08-07 CN CN201580042490.4A patent/CN106574534B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-08-07 WO PCT/JP2015/072464 patent/WO2016024535A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-08-07 EP EP15832569.6A patent/EP3181846B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3181846B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
WO2016024535A1 (ja) | 2016-02-18 |
CN106574534A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
EP3181846A1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
CN106574534B (zh) | 2019-06-07 |
EP3181846A4 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
JP2016040449A (ja) | 2016-03-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20250032984A1 (en) | Close-coupled scr system | |
RU2587086C2 (ru) | Фильтр твердых частиц выхлопа дизельного двигателя | |
US9242212B2 (en) | Zoned catalytic filters for treatment of exhaust gas | |
CA2870745C (en) | Method and system for the purification of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine | |
US9987619B2 (en) | Selective catalytic reduction wall flow filter incorporating a vanadate | |
RU2584084C2 (ru) | ВЫХЛОПНАЯ СИСТЕМА, СОДЕРЖАЩАЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ NOx И КОНТУР РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ | |
JP6532826B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化材 | |
JP2016539803A (ja) | 触媒ウォッシュコートを備えたウォールフロー型フィルタ | |
CN102802791A (zh) | 用于还原氮氧化物、能耐受贫燃/富燃老化的小孔分子筛负载铜催化剂 | |
GB2519648A (en) | Zeolite blend catalysts for treating exhaust gas | |
WO2018025827A1 (ja) | コールドスタート対応尿素scrシステム | |
JP2007291980A (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
JP2022058647A (ja) | Scr活性コーティングを有する触媒 | |
US10953366B2 (en) | Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon storage catalyst and methods of using the same | |
JP6392024B2 (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
Palma et al. | Optimal CuFe2O4 load for MW susceptible catalysed DPF | |
KR101508731B1 (ko) | 자동차 배기 후처리장치의 보조 환원제 주입 시스템 | |
KR101427933B1 (ko) | 내연 기관의 촉매 장치 및 이를 구비한 배기 가스 정화 장치 | |
JP2011169264A (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
JP6242698B2 (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
CN202039922U (zh) | 车辆排放废气低温瞬态净化处理装置 | |
Wang et al. | The Progress of Diesel Emissions and Control Technique |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20170615 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180220 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180413 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180522 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180706 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20180814 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20180822 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6392024 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |