JP2007500336A - 電気化学センサーに用いる電極システム - Google Patents
電気化学センサーに用いる電極システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007500336A JP2007500336A JP2006521312A JP2006521312A JP2007500336A JP 2007500336 A JP2007500336 A JP 2007500336A JP 2006521312 A JP2006521312 A JP 2006521312A JP 2006521312 A JP2006521312 A JP 2006521312A JP 2007500336 A JP2007500336 A JP 2007500336A
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- auxiliary electrode
- electrochemical sensor
- oxygen
- glucose
- polymer
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Abstract
Description
以下の記述及び例示は開示された発明の実施形態を詳細に説明するものである。当業者は、その範囲の中で行われる本発明の様々な変更及び修正があることを認めるであろう。従って、実施形態の例示に関する記載は、本発明の範囲を制限すると考えられるべきではない。
実施形態の理解を容易にするために、以下にいくつかの言葉を定義する。
好ましい実施形態は、流体中における測定対象の分析物の濃度または濃度を示す物質または前記分析物の存在を測定する電気化学センサーの使用に関わるものである。ある実施形態においては、前記センサーは連続的な装置であり、例えば皮下、経皮的、または血管内の装置である。別の実施形態においては、前記装置は多数の断続する血液サンプルを分析できてもよい。
この具体例では、前記電極システム(16)は前記センサーの電子機器に操作可能な状態で接続されており(図2)、且つ電気的に活性な表面(2、3、またはそれ以上の電極システムを含む)を備え、膜システム(18)で覆われている。前記膜システム(18)は前記電極システム(16)の前記電気的に活性な表面上に配置され、一つまたは複数の下記機能を提供する:1)前記露出した電極表面の、生物学的環境からの保護(細胞不浸透性ドメイン);2)前記分析物の拡散抵抗(制限)(抵抗ドメイン);3)酵素反応を可能にする触媒(酵素ドメイン);4)妨害物質の制限または遮断(妨害ドメイン);及び/または5)前記センサー界面の電気化学的な反応性表面の親水性(電解質ドメイン)、例えば“IMPLANTABLE ANALYTE SENSOR、”という名称の、2004年5月3日に出願された同時係属の米国特許出願公開第10/838,912号明細書に開示され、その内容はすべてここに組み込まれている。前記膜システムは、“SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURE OF AN ANALYTE−MEASURING DEVICE INCLUDING A MEMBRANE SYSTEM”という名称で、2004年7月6日に出願された同時係属の米国特許出願公開第10/885,476号明細書及び“IMPLANTABLE ANALYTE SENSOR”という名称で、2004年5月3日に出願された米国特許出願公開第10/838,912号明細書等に開示されたような機械的方法または化学的方法で前記センサー本体に取り付けられてよく、これらの内容はすべてここに組み込まれている。
[化1]
GOX+グルコース+O2 → グルコン酸塩+H2O2+還元されたGOX
一つの好ましい実施形態では、電気化学センサーは一過性虚血による前記影響を克服するために酸素を生成する補助電極を備えて提供される。好ましい実施形態の他の局面としては、電気化学センサーは電気化学的な妨害物質を電気化学的に変性(例えば、酸化または還元)して、前記作用電極上における妨害物質の影響を克服するため、それらを前記電気活性な検出表面において実質的に電気化学的に活性ではないものにするよう構成された補助電極を備えて提供される。
12 外部溶液
14 検出領域
16 電極システム
16a 作用電極
16b 対向電極
16c 参照電極
18 膜システム
20 ポテンショスタット
21 A/Dコンバータ
22 マイクロプロセッサ
23 EEPROM
24 SRAM
25 電池
26 石英結晶
27 RFトランシーバ
28 石英結晶
36 補助電極
38 酵素
Claims (31)
- 流体中の分析物の存在または濃度を決定するための電気化学センサーであって、前記センサーは:
酵素を含む膜システムであって、前記酵素は前記分析物と反応するところの前記膜システムと;
作用電極を含む電気活性表面であって、前記作用電極は導電性材料を含み且つ前記酵素と前記分析物との反応生成物を測定するよう構成されるところの前記電気活性表面と;
導電性材料を含み且つ酸素を生成するよう構成された補助電極であって、生成された前記酸素が前記酵素または前記電気活性表面まで拡散するように配置されるところの前記補助電極と、を備えた電気化学センサー。 - 前記補助電極が、導電性金属と、導電性ポリマーと、導電性金属と導電性ポリマーとのブレンドとからなるグループから選択される導電性材料を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極が、メッシュと、グリッドと、多数の一定の間隔を有するワイヤーとからなるグループから選択される形態を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極はポリマーを含むものであって、前記ポリマーが前記補助電極の表面に位置している、請求項1に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコース不透過性であるが酸素透過性である材料を含む、請求項4に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコース不透過性であるが、酸素と妨害物質とに対して透過性である材料を含む、請求項4に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコースを遮断し、且つ、酸素と、尿酸塩と、アスコルビン酸塩と、アセトアミノフェンとを前記ポリマー内を通過させて輸送することを可能とする分子量を有する材料を含む、請求項6に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコースと酸素とに対して透過性である材料を含む、請求項4に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコースと、酸素と、妨害物質に対して透過性である材料を含む、請求項4に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、酸素と、グルコースと、尿酸塩と、アスコルビン酸塩と、アセトアミノフェンとを、前記ポリマー内を通過させて輸送することを可能とする分子量を有する材料を含む、請求項9に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極が少なくとも約+0.6Vの電位に設定されるよう構成された、請求項1に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極が電気化学的妨害物質を電気化学的に変性し、前記作用電極において前記電気化学的妨害物質を実質的に電気化学的非反応性とするよう構成された、請求項1に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極が少なくとも約+0.1Vの電位に設定されるよう構成された、請求項12に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 流体中の分析物の存在または濃度を決定するための電気化学センサーであって、前記センサーは:
酵素を含む膜システムであって、前記酵素は前記分析物と反応するところの前記膜システムと;
作用電極を含む電気活性表面であって、前記作用電極は導電性材料を含み且つ前記酵素と前記分析物との反応生成物を測定するよう構成されるところの前記電気活性表面と;
導電性材料を含む補助電極であり、且つ前記作用電極において前記電気化学的妨害物質が実質的に電気化学的非反応性とされるよう電気化学的妨害物質を変性するために構成された前記補助電極と、を備えた電気化学センサー。 - 前記補助電極が、導電性金属と、導電性ポリマーと、導電性金属と導電性ポリマーとのブレンドとからなるグループから選択される導電性材料を含む、請求項14に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極が、メッシュと、グリッドと、多数の一定の間隔を有するワイヤーとからなるグループから選択される形態を含む、請求項14に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極はポリマーを含むものであって、前記ポリマーは前記補助電極の表面に位置している、請求項14に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが電気化学的妨害物質透過性材料を含む、請求項17に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコース不透過性であるが、酸素透過性である材料を含む、請求項17に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコース不透過性であるが、酸素と妨害物質とに対して透過性である材料を含む、請求項20に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコースを遮断し、且つ、酸素と、尿酸塩と、アスコルビン酸塩と、アセトアミノフェンとを前記ポリマー内を通過させて輸送することを可能とする分子量を有する材料を含む、請求項17に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコースと、酸素とに対して透過性である材料を含む、請求項17に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、グルコースと、酸素と、妨害物質とに対して透過性である材料を含む、請求項17に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記ポリマーが、酸素と、グルコースと、尿酸塩と、アスコルビン酸塩と、アセトアミノフェンとを前記ポリマー内を通過させて輸送することを可能とする分子量を有する材料を含む、請求項23に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極が少なくとも約+0.1Vの電位に設定されるよう構成された、請求項14に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極が酸素を生成するよう構成された、請求項14に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記補助電極が少なくとも約+0.6Vの電位に設定されるよう構成された、請求項26に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 分析物を測定するよう構成された電気活性な表面と;
電気化学的妨害物質を変性し、前記電気化学的妨害物質を前記電気活性な表面において実質的に非反応性とするよう構成された妨害物質変性補助電極と、を備えた電気化学センサー。 - 前記妨害物質変性補助電極が、導電性金属と、導電性ポリマーと、導電性金属と導電性ポリマーとのブレンドとからなるグループから選択される導電性材料を含む、請求項28に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記妨害物質変性補助電極が、メッシュと、グリッドと、多数の一定の間隔を有するワイヤーとからなるグループから選択される形態を含む、請求項28に記載の電気化学センサー。
- 前記妨害物質変性補助電極はポリマーを含むものであって、前記ポリマーは前記妨害物質変性補助電極の表面に位置している、請求項28に記載の電気化学センサー。
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US5593852A (en) | 1993-12-02 | 1997-01-14 | Heller; Adam | Subcutaneous glucose electrode |
SE9700384D0 (sv) * | 1997-02-04 | 1997-02-04 | Biacore Ab | Analytical method and apparatus |
US7657297B2 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2010-02-02 | Dexcom, Inc. | Implantable analyte sensor |
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WO2005012873A3 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
EP1649260A2 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
WO2005012873A2 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
EP1649260A4 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
US20050115832A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
US20120228134A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
US20140001042A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
US7074307B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 |
USRE43399E1 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
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