JP2006523595A - 水蒸気改質反応を行うための反応容器及び合成ガスの製造方法 - Google Patents
水蒸気改質反応を行うための反応容器及び合成ガスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006523595A JP2006523595A JP2006505545A JP2006505545A JP2006523595A JP 2006523595 A JP2006523595 A JP 2006523595A JP 2006505545 A JP2006505545 A JP 2006505545A JP 2006505545 A JP2006505545 A JP 2006505545A JP 2006523595 A JP2006523595 A JP 2006523595A
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Abstract
【解決手段】天然ガス・水蒸気用容器入口2;熱ガス状媒体用容器入口3;水蒸気改質生成物含有ガス状生成物用容器出口4;及び水蒸気改質触媒床8を含む反応器空間7;を有する、水蒸気改質反応を行うための反応容器であって、該反応器空間の入口は該天然ガス及び水蒸気入口に流動可能に接続し、該空間の出口端は該ガス状生成物出口と流動可能に接続すると共に、該触媒床内には、触媒床中の反応剤流に対し向流で熱ガス状混合物を通過させるための通路9を、該熱ガス状媒体用容器入口に流動可能に接続して設けた該反応容器。
Description
本発明は、天然ガス供給原料から出発して、水蒸気改質反応を行うための反応容器に向けたものである。また本発明は、部分酸化反応及び吸熱水蒸気改質反応を行うことにより、炭素質原料から一酸化水素及び水素を含有する混合物を製造する方法にも向けたものである。
EP−A−168892には、少なくとも1つのパイプ内に配置した固定床中で吸熱水蒸気反応を行う方法が記載されている。パイプ内の温度は800〜950℃で、この温度は、部分酸化反応の熱生成物ガスの少なくとも一部に対しパイプ沿いに道筋を定めることにより維持される。この文献による合成ガスの部分酸化と吸熱製造とを組合わせた方法では、(部分酸化法に比べて)合成ガスの収率が向上し、H2/CO比が増大し、得られる合成ガス生成物1m3当りの酸素使用量が低下し、またCO及びH2を含有するガス混合物の製造プラントの資本コストが低下する。
この目的は以下の反応器により達成される。
天然ガス及び水蒸気用の容器入口;熱ガス状媒体用の容器入口;水蒸気改質生成物含有ガス状生成物用の容器出口;及び水蒸気改質触媒床を含む反応器空間;を有する、水蒸気改質反応を行うための反応容器であって、該反応器空間の入口は該天然ガス及び水蒸気入口に流動可能に接続し、該空間の出口端は該ガス状生成物出口と流動可能に接続すると共に、該触媒床内には、触媒床中の反応剤流に対し向流で熱ガス状混合物を通過させるための通路を、該熱ガス状媒体用容器入口に流動可能に接続して設けた該反応容器。
(a)炭素質供給原料を部分酸化して、水素と一酸化炭素との第一ガス状混合物を得る工程、及び
(b)炭素質供給原料を、1つ以上の改質触媒含有管を備えた管状反応器を有する対流式水蒸気改質器で接触水蒸気改質する工程、
を行うことにより、炭素質供給原料から水素及び一酸化炭素を含有するガスを製造する方法であって、水蒸気改質反応に必要な熱は該水蒸気改質器の反応管と、該管状反応管内に軸沿いに配置され、工程(a)の流出流が該水蒸気改質器管内のガスに対し向流で流れる通路との対流式熱交換により供給される該製造方法にも向けたものである。
前記方法の工程(b)は、本発明の反応容器で行うことが好ましい。
図1は、触媒床を反応容器のシェル側に配置した本発明反応容器の可能な実施態様を示す。
図2は、触媒床が1つ以上の反応管中にある本発明の水蒸気改質反応器を示す。図2a、2b、2cは、図2の反応器の詳細及び好ましい実施態様を示す。
図3は、2つの別々のガス出口を設けた図2の反応器を示す。
図4は、図3の反応容器と部分酸化反応容器との組合わせを示す。
図5は、図4の装置、フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成法及び該合成法の下流の幾つかの単位操作を含む統合方法を示す。
出願人は、熱ガス媒体を長い通路に通すと、CSR反応器の熱交換表面に煤が付着しないか、或いは付着しても少なくとも従来技術の設計に比べて非常に少ないガス速度条件が得られることを見い出した。この長い通路は、ガスがいわゆる自浄能力を有する特定の速度で流れるように、設計することが好ましい。設計能力でのガス速度は、好ましくは10m/秒より速く、更に好ましくは30m/秒より速い。ガスの最高速度は、好ましくは100m/秒未満、更に好ましくは60m/秒未満である。更に、堆積が起これば、このような堆積物は一回の操業停止で従来の導管内部浄化法により容易に除去できるという利点もある。浄化法の例はピギング(pigging)及び水噴射である。前記反応器及びその好ましい実施態様の別の利点を以下に説明する。
管及び該管の延長物は、次の種類:錬管、遠心注型管又は焼結金属管の1種であることが好ましい。
水蒸気改質反応(a)炭素質供給原料を部分酸化して、水素と一酸化炭素との第一ガス状混合物を得る工程、及び
(b)炭素質供給原料を、1つ以上の改質触媒含有管を備えた管状反応器を有する対流式水蒸気改質器で接触水蒸気改質する工程、
を行うことにより、炭素質供給原料から水素及び一酸化炭素を含有するガスを製造する方法であって、水蒸気改質反応に必要な熱は、該水蒸気改質器の反応管と、該管状反応管内に軸沿いに配置され、工程(a)の流出流が該水蒸気改質器管内のガスに対し向流で流れる通路との対流式熱交換により供給される該製造方法にも向けたものである。
工程(a)の部分酸化は、例えばOil and Gas Journal,1971年9月号85〜90頁のShell Gasification Processについて記載の周知の原理に従って行ってよい。部分酸化法の例を記載する文献は、EP−A−291111、WO−A−9722547、WO−A−9639354及びWO−A−9603345である。これらの方法では、原料は、好ましくは触媒の不存在下、部分酸化条件下で酸素含有ガスと接触させる。
工程(a)での部分酸化反応のガス状生成物は、1100〜1500℃の温度及び1.5〜2.6、好ましくは1.6〜2.2のH2/COモル比を有することが好ましい。
工程(b)で得られた一酸化炭素と水素との混合物(水蒸気改質生成物)は、工程(a)で得られた生成物ガスと直接組合わせてもよい。この組合わせは、図1及び図3で例示するような反応器中で行ってよい。或いは工程(a)及び(b)で生成物ガスは、別個の流れとしても得られるし、また任意に所望の比率で組合わせてもよい。
このような再循環流に存在する二酸化炭素の一部又は全部は、工程(a)に供給する前に再循環流から任意に分離する。二酸化炭素の一部は、好適には工程(a)に供給してよい。
水蒸気改質生成物(55)中の水素対COモル比は、2を超え、好ましくは3を超え、通常、6以下である。水素回収ユニット(61)は、周知の膜分離ユニット、圧力スイング吸収機(PSA)又は膜ユニットとPSAとの組合わせでよい。
図2の水蒸気改質反応器に水蒸気対炭素比0.75で天然ガス及び水蒸気を供給する。部分酸化反応器の熱流出流もこの反応器に27経由で供給する。第1表にマスフロー、温度及び得られた生成物流を示す。
図2のCSR反応器の原料中の水蒸気対炭素比を1とした他は例1を繰り返す。
本例では反応管の流出流は、図4(ライン55)に示すように、まず部分酸化反応器に供給した。反応器51には触媒床53は存在しなかった。
2 天然ガス及び水蒸気用の容器入口
3 熱ガス状媒体用の容器入口
4 ガス状改質生成物用の容器出口
5 上部管シート
6 下部管シート
7 反応器空間
8 水蒸気改質触媒床
9 通路
10 管シート
11 空間
12 容器出口
13 空間
15 開口部
20 反応容器
21 反応管
22 水蒸気改質触媒床
23 通路又は導管
24 壁
26 天然ガス及び水蒸気用の容器入口
26’ 開口部
26’’ 蓋
27 熱ガス状媒体用容器入口
28 ガス状生成物と熱ガス状媒体との混合物用の容器出口
29 管シート又は開口部
29’ 矢印方向
30 空間
31 管シート
32 空間又は管シート
a、b、c 状態
33 空間
34 開口部
35 開口部
36 空間
38 熱ガス状媒体用容器入口
39 水蒸気改質生成物用容器出口
40 管シート
41 管シート
42 容器出口
43 天然ガス及び水蒸気用の容器入口
44 反応容器
45 ガス収集空間
46 入口空間
50 炭素質原料
50’ 酸素含有ガス
51 部分酸化反応器
52 バーナー
54 ガス状再循環流
55 生成物ガス又は水蒸気改質生成物
60 水蒸気改質生成物の一部
61 水素回収ユニット
62 水素
63 最終合成ガス生成物
64 フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成法ユニット
65 炭化水素生成物
66 水素化転化ユニット又は水素化処理ユニット
Claims (16)
- 天然ガス及び水蒸気用の容器入口;熱ガス状媒体用の容器入口;水蒸気改質生成物含有ガス状生成物用の容器出口;及び水蒸気改質触媒床を含む反応器空間;を有する、水蒸気改質反応を行うための反応容器であって、該反応器空間の入口は該天然ガス及び水蒸気入口に流動可能に接続し、該空間の出口端は該ガス状生成物出口と流動可能に接続すると共に、該触媒床内には、触媒床中の反応剤流に対し向流で熱ガス状混合物を通過させるための通路を、該熱ガス状媒体用容器入口に流動可能に接続して設けた該反応容器。
- 前記反応器空間は水蒸気改質触媒床を充填した1つ以上の反応管により規定されると共に、該反応管は反応管軸に平行に走行する1つ以上の通路を有する請求項1に記載の反応容器。
- 前記反応管から出る水蒸気改質生成物、前記熱ガス状媒体用容器入口から入る容器熱ガス状媒体は共に、使用時、熱ガス状媒体と水蒸気改質生成物との混合物が前記通路を通るように、該通路の入口と流動可能に連絡している請求項2に記載の反応容器。
- 前記通路が金属合金製の管であり、該合金は、鉄を0から7重量%以下、アルミニウムを0〜5重量%、珪素を0から5重量%以下、クロムを20から50重量%以下、及びニッケルを35重量%以上で、かつ合計を100%にバランスさせる量、含む請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の反応容器。
- (a)炭素質供給原料を部分酸化して、水素と一酸化炭素との第一ガス状混合物を得る工程、及び
(b)炭素質供給原料を、1つ以上の改質触媒含有管を備えた管状反応器を有する対流式水蒸気改質器で接触水蒸気改質する工程、
を行うことにより、炭素質供給原料から水素及び一酸化炭素を含有するガスを製造する方法であって、水蒸気改質反応に必要な熱は、該水蒸気改質器の反応管と、該管状反応管内に軸沿いに配置され、工程(a)の流出流が該水蒸気改質器管内のガスに対し向流で流れる通路との対流式熱交換により供給される該製造方法。 - 前記通路内のガス速度が10〜60m/秒である請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)で得られた水蒸気改質生成物の0〜60重量%及び工程(a)の流出流が前記通路を流れる請求項5又は6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(a)と工程(b)とを組合せた合成ガス生成物のH2/COモル比が1.5〜3、好ましくは1.9〜2.3である請求項5〜7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)の原料の水蒸気対炭素のモル比が0.5〜0.9である請求項5〜8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記改質触媒が(a)酸化物支持体材料及び(b)Pt、Ni、Pd及びCoよりなる群の金属の少なくとも1種、好ましくは白金を0.1〜7.0重量%含むコーティングを含有し、該支持体材料は(i)該コーティングの適用前に約670℃以下の温度で焼成したZrO2を80重量%以上、(ii)Y、La、Al、Ca、Ce及びSiよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の酸化物、好ましくはLa2O3を0.5〜10モル%含有する請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)において前記通路の金属壁表面の温度が1100℃未満に維持される請求項5〜10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)の水蒸気改質生成物が工程(a)に供給される請求項5〜11のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)の水蒸気改質生成物が、上端にバーナーを備え、上半部の温度が800〜1050℃である部分酸化反応容器の該上半部に供給される請求項12に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)の水蒸気改質生成物と工程(a)の部分酸化反応生成物との混合物に対し、自熱式改質工程(c)を施す請求項12又は13に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)の流出流から水素が回収されるる請求項5〜14のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(b)が請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の反応容器中で行われる請求項5〜14のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
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KR (1) | KR20050120719A (ja) |
CN (4) | CN100381353C (ja) |
WO (4) | WO2004092063A1 (ja) |
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- 2004-04-13 WO PCT/EP2004/050504 patent/WO2004092063A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-13 CN CNA2004800100822A patent/CN1774393A/zh active Pending
- 2004-04-13 EP EP04727022A patent/EP1622828A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2004-04-13 JP JP2006505548A patent/JP2006523597A/ja active Pending
- 2004-04-13 WO PCT/EP2004/050502 patent/WO2004092062A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2004-04-13 CN CNA2004800100803A patent/CN1774391A/zh active Pending
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WO2004092062A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
EP1622827A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
US20090126272A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
US20060191201A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
US20070140954A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
JP2006523597A (ja) | 2006-10-19 |
CN1774393A (zh) | 2006-05-17 |
US7550635B2 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
CN1774392A (zh) | 2006-05-17 |
JP2006523596A (ja) | 2006-10-19 |
WO2004092060A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
KR20050120719A (ko) | 2005-12-22 |
CN100381353C (zh) | 2008-04-16 |
US20060260194A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
EP1613552A1 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
WO2004092061A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
CN1832900A (zh) | 2006-09-13 |
EP1622828A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
US7462209B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 |
US20080028680A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
CN1774391A (zh) | 2006-05-17 |
WO2004092063A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
JP2006523598A (ja) | 2006-10-19 |
EP1622829A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
US8986631B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
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