JP2005234396A - 電子写真感光体、電子写真装置及びプロセスカートリッジ、並びに電子写真感光体の電気特性の制御方法 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体、電子写真装置及びプロセスカートリッジ、並びに電子写真感光体の電気特性の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005234396A JP2005234396A JP2004045364A JP2004045364A JP2005234396A JP 2005234396 A JP2005234396 A JP 2005234396A JP 2004045364 A JP2004045364 A JP 2004045364A JP 2004045364 A JP2004045364 A JP 2004045364A JP 2005234396 A JP2005234396 A JP 2005234396A
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- metal oxide
- layer
- photosensitive member
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- electrophotographic photosensitive
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Abstract
【解決手段】 導電性支持体2と、該導電性支持体2上に形成された下引層4と、該下引層4上に形成された感光層3とを備え、上記下引層4は、第1の金属酸化物を主成分とする粒子の表面上に第2の金属酸化物を主成分とする層を有し、且つ体積抵抗率が所定の値に制御された複合金属酸化物粒子を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体1。
【選択図】 図1
Description
本発明の電子写真感光体は、導電性支持体と、該導電性支持体上に形成された下引層と、該下引層上に形成された感光層とを備える。上記下引層は、以下に説明する特定の複合金属酸化物粒子を含有する。
導電性支持体2としては、アルミニウム、銅、鉄、ステンレス、亜鉛、ニッケル等の金属ドラム;シート、紙、プラスチック、ガラス等の基体上にアルミニウム、銅、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、チタン、ニッケル−クロム、ステンレス鋼、銅−インジウム等の金属を蒸着したもの;上記基体上に酸化インジウム、酸化錫等の導電性金属化合物を蒸着したもの;上記基体上に金属箔をラミネートしたもの;カーボンブラック、酸化インジウム、酸化錫−酸化アンチモン粉、金属粉、沃化銅等を結着樹脂に分散して、上記基体上に塗布し導電処理したものが挙げられる。なお、導電性支持体2の形状は、ドラム状、シート状、又はプレート状のいずれであってもよい。
結着樹脂としては、ポリビニルブチラール等のアセタール樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、カゼイン、ポリアミド樹脂、セルロース樹脂、ゼラチン、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリビニルアセテート樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、シリコーン−アルキッド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、フェノール−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、メラミン樹脂等の高分子化合物が挙げられる。
電荷発生材料としては、非晶質セレン、結晶性セレン、セレン−テルル合金、セレン−ヒ素合金、その他のセレン化合物及びセレン合金、アモルファスシリコン、硫化カドミウム等の無機系光導電体及びこれらを色素増感したもの;無金属フタロシアニン、チタニルフタロシアニン、銅フタロシアニン、錫フタロシアニン、ガリウムフタロシアニン等の各種フタロシアニン顔料、ナフタロシアニン顔料、スクエアリウム系、アントアントロン系、ペリレン系、アゾ系、トリスアゾ系、アントラキノン系、ピレン系、ピリリウム塩、チアピリリウム塩等の各種有機顔料及び染料が用いられる。また、これらの有機顔料は、一般に数種の結晶型を有している。特にフタロシアニン顔料では、α型、β型等をはじめとしてさまざまな結晶型が知られているが、目的にあった感度その他の特性が得られる顔料であるならば、いずれの結晶型でもよい。
図4は、本発明の電子写真装置の好適な一実施形態を示す概略構成図である。図4に示した電子写真装置100は、タンデム型であり、いわゆる中間転写方式の電子写真装置である。図4に示す電子写真装置100は、複写機、レーザービームプリンター等として使用できる。電子写真装置100は、4つの画像形成ユニット120a、120b、120c、及び120dを備えている。4つの画像形成ユニット120a〜120dは、中間転写体108の一部に沿って並列に配置されている。
帯電装置303としては、例えば、導電性又は半導電性のローラ、ブラシ、フィルム、ゴム、ブレード等を用いた接触型帯電装置を用いることができる。上記電子写真感光301は、例えば、このような帯電装置により、感光体が負帯電極性の場合には通常−300〜−1000Vに帯電される。
次に、本発明の電子写真感光体を搭載したプロセスカートリッジについて説明する。
図7は、本発明のプロセスカートリッジの好適な一実施形態を示す概略構成図である。
平均粒径15nmの酸化チタン粒子(MT150W、テイカ社製)100部を150℃にて5時間加熱乾燥した。その酸化チタン粒子と、ジエトキシ亜鉛50部と、プロパノール500部とを攪拌混合し、プロパノールを減圧蒸留にて除去した。さらに、150℃にて2時間の焼き付けを行い、酸化チタン粒子上に酸化亜鉛層を有する平均粒径30nmの複合金属酸化物粒子1を得た。
平均粒径50nmの酸化チタン粒子(MT600B、テイカ社製)の懸濁液200g/Lに硫酸亜鉛を加え攪拌した。その懸濁液に30g/Lの水酸化ナトリウム溶液を加え中和し、フィルタリング、洗浄を行った。得られた粒子を、150℃で乾燥後、400℃で焙焼してグラインドし、酸化チタン粒子上に酸化亜鉛層を有する平均粒径55nmの複合金属酸化物粒子2を得た。
平均粒径50nmの酸化チタン粒子(MT600B、テイカ社製)100部を150℃にて5時間加熱乾燥した。その酸化チタン粒子と、ジブトキシ亜鉛40部と、ブタノール500部とを攪拌混合し、ブタノールを減圧蒸留にて除去した。その後、150℃にて2時間の焼き付けを行い、酸化チタン粒子上に酸化亜鉛膜をコートして複合金属酸化物粒子を得た。さらに、この複合金属酸化物粒子100部をトルエン500部と攪拌混合し、その溶液にシランカップリング剤(KMB603、信越化学社製)5部を添加し、2時間攪拌した。その後、トルエンを減圧蒸留し、150℃で2時間の焼付けを行い、平均粒径55nmの複合金属酸化物粒子3を得た。
平均粒径70nmの酸化亜鉛粒子(MZ150、テイカ社製、比表面積15m2/g)100部をトルエン500部と攪拌混合し、テトラブトキシチタネート(オルガチックスTA25)100部をさらに添加して攪拌混合した。その後、トルエンを減圧蒸留し、120℃で2時間の焼き付けを行い、酸化亜鉛粒子上に酸化チタン層を有する平均粒径76nmの複合金属酸化物粒子4を得た。
30mmΦ、肉厚1mmのアルミニウム基体を導電性支持体とし、この導電性支持体上に下引層を形成した。すなわち、ブチラール樹脂(BM−1、積水化学社製)を6部、硬化剤としてブロック化イソシアネート(スミジュール3175、住友バイエルンウレタン社製)を12部、複合金属酸化物粒子1を41部、シリコーンボール(トスパール120、東芝シリコーン社製)を3部、レベリング剤(シリコーンオイルSH29PA、東レダウコーニングシリコーン社製)を100ppm、及びメチルエチルケトを52部混合した。その混合物を、バッチ式ミルにて10時間の分散を行い、下引層形成用塗布液を得た。この塗布液を浸漬塗布法にてアルミニウム基体上に塗布し、150℃で30分の乾燥硬化を行い、膜厚18μmの下引層を形成した。
実施例1において、下引層を形成する際に用いた複合金属酸化物粒子1を、実施例2では複合金属酸化物粒子2に、実施例3では複合金属酸化物粒子3に代えた以外は、同様の方法で導電性支持体上に下引層を形成した。さらに、実施例1と同様にして、電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層を形成し、得られた電子写真感光体をそれぞれ実施例2の電子写真感光体、実施例3の電子写真感光体とした。
実施例1において、下引層を形成する際に用いた複合金属酸化物粒子1を、平均粒径15nmの酸化チタン粒子(MT150W、テイカ社製)に代えた以外は、同様の方法で導電性支持体上に下引層を形成した。さらに、実施例1と同様にして、電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層を形成し、得られた電子写真感光体を比較例1の電子写真感光体とした。
実施例1において、下引層を形成する際に用いた複合金属酸化物粒子1を、平均粒径50nmの酸化チタン粒子(MT600B、テイカ社製)に代えた以外は、同様の方法で導電性支持体上に下引層を形成した。さらに、実施例1と同様にして、電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層を形成し、得られた電子写真感光体を比較例2の電子写真感光体とした。
得られた実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜2の電子写真感光体を用いて、下記の条件で画像テストを行った。
直径84mmφx340mm、肉厚1mmのアルミニウム基体を導電性支持体とし、この導電性支持体上に下引層を形成した。すなわち、アルキッド樹脂(ベッコゾール1307−60−EL、大日本インキ化学工業社製)を12部、メラミン樹脂(スーパーベッカミンG−821−60、大日本インキ化学工業社製)を8部、複合金属酸化物粒子1を23部、シリコーンボール(トスパール120、東芝シリコーン社製)を3部、レベリング剤(シリコーンオイルSH29PA、東レダウコーニングシリコーン社製)を0.01部及びメチルエチルケトンを100部からなる混合物を、サンドミルにて2時間の分散を行い、下引層形成用塗布液を得た。この塗布液を浸漬塗布法にてアルミニウム基体上に塗布し、150℃で30分の乾燥硬化を行い、膜厚6μmの下引層を形成した。
実施例4において、下引層を形成する際に用いた複合金属酸化物粒子1を、実施例5では複合金属酸化物粒子2に、実施例6では複合金属酸化物粒子3に、実施例7では複合金属酸化物粒子4に代えた以外は、同様の方法で導電性支持体上に下引層を形成した。さらに、実施例1と同様にして、電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層を形成し、得られた電子写真感光体をそれぞれ実施例5〜7の電子写真感光体とした。
得られた実施例4〜7及び比較例3〜6の電子写真感光体を用いて、下記の条件で画像テストを行った。すなわち、接触帯電方式の帯電装置及び中間転写体を備える電子写真装置(富士ゼロックス社製、フルカラープリンターDocuPrint−C620)に、実施例4〜7及び比較例3〜6の電子写真感光体を搭載し、画像テストを行った。
直径84mmφx340mm、肉厚1mmのアルミニウム基体を導電性支持体とし、この導電性支持体上に下引層を形成した。すなわち、複合金属酸化物粒子1を60部及び共重合ナイロン(CM−8000、東レ社製)を80部混合し、それをメタノール1800部に溶解させた。さらに、複合金属酸化物粒子1を480部加え、ボールミルで5時間分散を行い、下引層形成用塗布液を得た。この塗布液を浸漬塗布法にてアルミニウム基体上に塗布し、160℃で100分の乾燥硬化を行い、膜厚6μmの下引層を形成した。
実施例8において、下引層を形成する際に用いた複合金属酸化物粒子1を、実施例9では複合金属酸化物粒子2に、実施例10では複合金属酸化物粒子3に代えた以外は、同様の方法で導電性支持体上に下引層を形成した。さらに、実施例8と同様にして、電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層を形成し、得られた電子写真感光体をそれぞれ実施例9〜10の電子写真感光体とした。
得られた実施例8〜10及び比較例7〜8の電子写真感光体を用いて、下記の条件で画像テストを行った。
Claims (11)
- 導電性支持体と、該導電性支持体上に形成された下引層と、該下引層上に形成された感光層とを備え、
前記下引層は、第1の金属酸化物を主成分とする粒子の表面上に第2の金属酸化物を主成分とする層を有し、且つ体積抵抗率が所定の値に制御された複合金属酸化物粒子を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。 - 前記複合金属酸化物粒子が平均粒径200nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記複合金属酸化物粒子の表面がシランカップリング剤により処理されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記第2の金属酸化物を主成分とする層が、前記第1の金属酸化物を主成分とする粒子の表面を有機金属化合物を用いて処理することにより形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記第2の金属酸化物を主成分とする層が、前記第1の金属酸化物を主成分とする粒子の表面を硫酸塩を用いて処理することにより形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記感光層が、ガリウムフタロシアニン化合物及び/又はチタニルフタロシアニン化合物を含有する電荷発生層を備え、
前記感光層の前記導電性支持体から最も遠い側に、シリコン含有電荷輸送性高分子及び/又はフッ素系樹脂粒子を含有する層を備えることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電子写真感光体。 - 導電性支持体と、該導電性支持体上に形成された下引層と、該下引層上に形成された感光層とを備え、
前記下引層は、金属酸化物を主成分とする粒子の表面上に酸化亜鉛を主成分とする層を有する複合金属酸化物粒子を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。 - 請求項1〜7のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電子写真感光体と、
前記電子写真感光体を帯電させる帯電装置と、
帯電した前記電子写真感光体を露光して静電潜像を形成させる露光装置と、
前記静電潜像を現像してトナー像を形成する現像装置と、
前記トナー像を被転写媒体に転写する転写装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする電子写真装置。 - 前記帯電装置が接触帯電方式であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電子写真装置。
- 請求項1〜7のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電子写真感光体と、
前記電子写真感光体を帯電させる帯電装置、帯電した前記電子写真感光体を露光して静電潜像を形成させる露光装置、並びに前記電子写真感光体をクリーニングするクリーニング装置から選ばれる少なくとも1種と、
を備えることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。 - 予め得られている、第1の金属酸化物を主成分とする粒子の表面上に第2の金属酸化物を主成分とする層を有する複合金属酸化物粒子の体積抵抗率と、当該体積抵抗率に対する所定のパラメータとの相関に基づき、体積抵抗率が所定の値に制御された複合金属酸化物粒子を作製する第1のステップと、
前記導電性支持体上に、前記体積抵抗率が所定の値に制御された複合金属酸化物粒子を含有する下引層を形成する第2のステップと、
前記下引層上に感光層を形成し、電子写真感光体を得る第3のステップと、
を有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体の電気特性の制御方法。
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JP2006085172A (ja) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-30 | Xerox Corp | 光導電性画像形成部材 |
JP2008116659A (ja) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-22 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
JP2011170114A (ja) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-09-01 | Canon Inc | 電子写真感光体の検査方法および製造方法 |
JP2015172733A (ja) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-10-01 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
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JP2006085172A (ja) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-30 | Xerox Corp | 光導電性画像形成部材 |
JP2008116659A (ja) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-22 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
JP2011170114A (ja) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-09-01 | Canon Inc | 電子写真感光体の検査方法および製造方法 |
JP2015172733A (ja) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-10-01 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
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