JP2005003687A - 金属が点在されている伝導性炭素ナノチューブおよびこれを用いたバイオセンサーの製造方法 - Google Patents
金属が点在されている伝導性炭素ナノチューブおよびこれを用いたバイオセンサーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005003687A JP2005003687A JP2004174851A JP2004174851A JP2005003687A JP 2005003687 A JP2005003687 A JP 2005003687A JP 2004174851 A JP2004174851 A JP 2004174851A JP 2004174851 A JP2004174851 A JP 2004174851A JP 2005003687 A JP2005003687 A JP 2005003687A
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Abstract
【選択図】図4
Description
本発明において、金属は金(Au)であることが好適であるが、銀(Ag)ナノ粒子、白金(Pt)ナノ粒子、鉄(Fe)ナノ粒子、ニッケル(Ni)ナノ粒子、コバルト(Co)ナノ粒子などを使用しても良い。
図1は強酸で切られたCNTに酸化還元方法を用いて金粒子を点在(dot)させる方法を示す概略図である。強酸により切られたCNTはカルボキシル官能基(−COOH)をもっている。上記CNTのカルボキシル官能基をアミノ(−NH2)官能基およびチオール(−SH)官能基を同時に有するリンカーのアミノ官能基と結合させた。
AuCl4 −(aq)+N(C8H17)4+(トルエン)→
N(C8H17)4+AuCl4−(トルエン)
mAuCl4 −(トルエン)+nCNT−CONH−C2H4SH(トルエン)+3me−→
4mCl4 −(aq)+(Aum)(CNT−CONH−C2H4SH)n(トルエン)
最終的に「CNT−(CONH−R1−S−Au)r」の形態を有する金が点在している伝導性CNTが得られる。ここで、rは1以上の自然数である。
ガラス、シリコンウェハー、プラスチックなどの基材にCNTを一定の部分固定させるためには、液相で長い間耐えられるパターンを形成することが必要である。基材にパターンを形成する方法には2通りがある。第一、ネガ型フォトレジストを用いてCNTを積層する部分を除去し、CNTを積層させた後、残りのフォトレジスト膜を取り除く方法であり、第二、CNTを積層する部分をフォトリソグラフィー(photolithography)を用いて高分子基材をエッチング(etching)することにより形成することができる。
本発明ではガラス、シリコンウェハ、プラスチックなどの基材上に高分子やフォトレジストパターンを形成した後、上記パターンをマスクとしてアミノアルキルオキシシランを表面に固定してアミノ基を基材表面に露出させる方法を使用した。上記アミノアルキルオキシシランとしてはアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを使用することが望ましい。
まず、金が点在しているCNT(Au−CNT−Au)をチオール官能基が露出した基材(基材−CONH−R2−SH)に結合させる。この時、基材表面のチオール官能基とCNTに点在している金結晶との間にAu−Sリンクが形成されて基材上にCNTが結合されることになって、「基材−CONH−R2−S−Au−CNT−Au」形態の構造が形成される(図3a)。
本発明において、バイオレセプター(receptor)は標的バイオ物質と結合又は反応する物質であって、上記結合又は反応を検出することができるプローブの役割をする物質が好適である。かかるバイオレセプターとしては、核酸(nucleic acid)、タンパク質(protein)、ペプチド(peptide)、アミノ酸(amino acid)、リガンド(ligand)、酵素基質(enzyme substrate)、コファクター(cofactor)などがある。本発明において、標的バイオ物質はレセプターと結合又は反応して検出される標的役割をする物質であり、タンパク質、核酸、酵素又はその他バイオ分子がある。
バイオセンサーの電気的特性測定用途のプローブステーションおよび、バイオセンサーから発生される蛍光物質を検出する蛍光顕微鏡を用いて、反応結果を測定することができる。また、反応物に放射線同位元素を取り付けて反応させた後、一定の面で計測器を用いて放射線を測定する既存の方法を利用することもできる。
強酸を用いて単一壁炭素ナノチューブ(Single walled carbon nanotube;SWNT)を切断した後、カルボキシル官能基が存在するCNTを液−液2相系(two−phase liquid−liquid system)で酸化還元反応によって金ナノ粒子が点在(dot)しているCNTを製造した(図1)。
チオール基を含有したDNAやオリゴヌクレオチドはCNTの壁面に点在している金ナノ結晶に位置特異的に結合されてCNT−Au−DNA複合体を形成する(図12a)。オリゴヌクレオチドが結合されたCNTをポリ−L−リジンで処理されたガラススライド(Shin−Won Scientific Co.Ltd.製)にDNAチップを製造する時と同様な方法を経て固定化した(非特許文献21)。
濃縮されたオリゴヌクレオチドをポリ−L−リジン処理が行われたガラス基材上にピペットを用いて10μL量だけを落とし、常温で12時間以上乾燥させた後、1XSSC(0.15M Nacl 0.015M クエン酸ナトリウム)が入っているウェットチャンバーに入れてガラス基材上に乾燥された溶液が飽和されてきらめくまで(約1分間)放置した。その後、95℃のオーブンに入れて3秒間反応させた後、紫外線架橋装置(Spectrolinker XL−1500 UV crosslinker)を用いて650mJの条件で固定化した。
二本のオリゴヌクレオチドの非特異的結合を取り除くために、この溶液を100℃で2分間放置した後、12000rpmで2分間遠心分離した。ハイブリッド化用チャンバーの中でハイブリッド化溶液が乾燥されることを防止するために、チャンバーの両縁部の凹んでいるところに3XSSC(0.45M NaCl、0.045M クエン酸ナトリウム)を30μLずつ入れた。チャンバーの蓋を閉めて55℃の恒温槽に10時間放置した。
3 オリゴヌクレオチド
4 標的バイオ物質
5 相補的核酸
6 一般のバイオ物質
Claims (31)
- 下記の工程を含む金属が点在された伝導性CNTの製造方法:
(a)カルボキシル基を有するCNTを提供する工程;
(b)該CNTのカルボキシル基をアミノ基とチオール基を同時に有する化学物質のアミノ基と結合させ、チオール基で改質されたCNTを得る工程;および
(c)該工程で得られたチオール基で改質されたCNTのチオール基に金属を結合させる工程。 - 請求項1において、(c)工程はチオール基で改質されたCNTに金属ナノ粒子あるいはコロイドを反応させた後、還元させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1または2において、金属は金(Au)であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1において、アミノ基とチオール基を同時に有する化学物質はNH2−R1−SH(ここで、RはC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類または、芳香族有機基であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項4の方法で製造され、CNT−(CONH−R1−S−M)rの形態を有する金属が点在している伝導性CNT(ここで、Mは金属を示し、rは1以上の自然数でありR1は請求項4に定義されたようである)。
- 下記の工程を含む伝導性CNTパターンの製造方法:
(a)表面にチオール基がパターン形で露出された基材を提供する工程;
(b)該基材の表面のチオール基に請求項5の伝導性CNTの金属を結合させる工程;(c)該結合された伝導性CNTに請求項5の伝導性CNTを結合させ、伝導性CNTを積層する工程;および
(d)該(c)工程を繰り返す工程。 - 下記の工程を含む伝導性CNTフイルムの製造方法:
(a)表面にチオール基が露出された基材を提供する工程;
(b)該基材の表面のチオール基に請求項5の伝導性CNTの金属を結合させる工程;(c)該結合された伝導性CNTに請求項5の伝導性CNTを結合させ、伝導性CNTを積層する工程;および
(d)該(c)工程を繰り返して伝導性CNT密度を高める工程。 - 請求項6または7において、(a)工程は伝導性CNTを積層させる基材表面にアミノ官能基を露出させたあと、カルボキシル基とチオール基を同時に有する化学物質で処理して、該基材上のアミノ基と前記化合物のカルボキシル基の間にアミド結合を形成させることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項8において、前記カルボキシル基とチオール基を同時に有する化学物質はHOOC−R2−SH(ここでR2はC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類又は芳香族有機基である)であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項8において、表面にアミノ官能基が露出した基材は基材をアミノアルキルオキシシランで処理して得られたものであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項6または7において、(c)工程は二重チオール官能基を有するリンカーを利用することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項11において、二重チオール官能基を有するリンカーはHS−R3−SHであることを特徴とする方法(ここでR3はC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類又は芳香族有機基である)。
- 請求項6の方法で製造され、基材−[CONH−R2−S−M−CNT−M−(S−R3−S−M−CNT−M)p]qの構造を有する伝導性CNTパターン(ここで、pとqは1以上の自然数であり、R2およびR3はC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類又は芳香族有機基である)。
- 請求項7の方法で製造され、基材−[CONH−R2−S−M−CNT−M−(S−R3−S−M−CNT−M)p]qの構造を有する伝導性CNTフィルム(ここで、pとqは1以上の自然数であり、R2およびR3はC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類又は芳香族有機基である)。
- (a)CNT−(CONH−R1−S−M)rの形態を有する伝導性CNT(ここで、Mは金属を示し、rは1以上の自然数であり、R1はC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類又は芳香族有機基である);
(b)基材−[CONH−R2−S−M−CNT−M−(S−R3−S−M−CNT−M)p]qの構造を有する伝導性CNTパターン(ここで、pとqは1以上の自然数であり、R2およびR3はC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類又は芳香族有機基である);および
(c)基材−[CONH−R2−S−M−CNT−M−(S−R3−S−M−CNT−M)p]qの構造を有する伝導性CNTフィルムで構成された群から選択されたいずれか一つに標的バイオ物質と結合するか、反応するバイオレセプターが取り付けられていることを特徴とする伝導性CNT−バイオセンサー。 - 請求項15において、バイオレセプターは酵素基質、リガンド、アミノ酸、ペプチド、タンパク質、核酸、脂質、コファクターまたは炭水化物であることを特徴とする伝導性CNT−バイオセンサー。
- 請求項15において、バイオレセプターはチオール基を有することを特徴とする伝導性CNT−バイオセンサー。
- 請求項15において、金属(M)は金(Au)であることを特徴とする伝導性CNT−バイオセンサー。
- (a)CNT−(CONH−R1−S−M)rの形態を有する伝導性CNT(ここで、Mは金属を示し、rは1以上の自然数であり、R1はC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類又は芳香族有機基である);
(b)基材−[CONH−R2−S−M−CNT−M−(S−R3−S−M−CNT−M)p]qの構造を有する伝導性CNTパターン(ここで、pとqは1以上の自然数であり、R2およびR3はC1−20である飽和炭化水素類、不飽和炭化水素類又は芳香族有機基である);および
(c)基材−[CONH−R2−S−M−CNT−M−(S−R3−S−M−CNT−M)p]qの構造を有する伝導性CNTフィルムで構成された群から選択されたいずれか一つに標的バイオ物質と結合するか、反応するバイオレセプターが取り付けられていることを特徴とする伝導性CNT−バイオセンサーの製造方法。 - 請求項15乃至請求項19の中のいずれか一つのCNT−バイオセンサーを利用することを特徴とするバイオレセプターと結合するか、反応する標的バイオ物質の検出方法。
- 請求項20において、検出は電気的信号を利用することを特徴とする方法。
- CNT−(CONH−R1−S−M)rの形態を有する伝導性CNTの金属(M)に核酸が取り付けられていることを特徴とする伝導性CNT−M−核酸複合体。
- 請求項22において、金属は金(Au)であることを特徴とする伝導性CNT−Au−核酸複合体。
- 請求項23において、核酸はDNAであることを特徴とする伝導性CNT−Au−核酸複合体。
- アミン/リジン基が表面に取り付けられている基材に請求項22の伝導性CNT−M−核酸複合体を固定させることを特徴とする核酸チップの製造方法。
- 請求項25において、前記固定は紫外線(UV)照射による架橋を利用することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項24の伝導性CNT−Au−核酸複合体がアミン/リジン基が表面に取り付けられている基材に固定されていることを特徴とするDNAチップ。
- 請求項27のDNAチップを利用することを特徴とするDNAハイブリッド化反応の検出方法。
- CNT−(CONH−R1−S−M)rの形態を有する伝導性CNTの金属(M)に酵素基質が取り付けられていることを特徴とする伝導性CNT−M−核酸複合体。
- 請求項29において、酵素基質はキナーゼの基質ペプチド(SP)であることを特徴とする複合体。
- 請求項30の伝導性CNT−M−SP複合体を利用することを特徴とするキナーゼが関与する酵素反応の検出方法。
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