JP2004155847A - Fluorine-containing copolymer having unsaturated double bond and composition containing the same - Google Patents
Fluorine-containing copolymer having unsaturated double bond and composition containing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004155847A JP2004155847A JP2002320867A JP2002320867A JP2004155847A JP 2004155847 A JP2004155847 A JP 2004155847A JP 2002320867 A JP2002320867 A JP 2002320867A JP 2002320867 A JP2002320867 A JP 2002320867A JP 2004155847 A JP2004155847 A JP 2004155847A
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fluorine
- double bond
- group
- unsaturated double
- integer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 229910003872 O—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- HMBNQNDUEFFFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenoxybutan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCOC=C HMBNQNDUEFFFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COCC(C)OC(=O)C=C ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRMBQHTWUBGQDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(CC)COCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C XRMBQHTWUBGQDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPIAGWXWVAHQBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-[[3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(COC(=O)C=C)COCC(COC(=O)C=C)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C MPIAGWXWVAHQBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclohexyl(diisocyanato)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N=C=O)(N=C=O)C1CCCCC1 KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IRVTWLLMYUSKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N carboxyoxy propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OOC(O)=O IRVTWLLMYUSKJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002168 ethanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KDBPJFGPBDDBGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxymethanol Chemical compound OCOC=C KDBPJFGPBDDBGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC=C WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDXZRBLOGJXGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxycyclohexane Chemical compound C=CCOC1CCCCC1 CDXZRBLOGJXGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、塗膜化したときに、低屈折率、高表面硬度を有し、且つ、防汚性、撥水撥油性及び耐薬品性等に優れた特性を有し、1液で紫外線、電子線あるいは熱により硬化可能な、不飽和二重結合を有する含フッ素共重合体とこれを含む組成物とに関するものであり、この不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体、あるいは、この不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体に特定のモノマー及び/又はオリゴマーを加えてなる組成物とを、樹脂ワニスあるいは塗料等に使用することで前記塗膜特性を発揮することのできる当該不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体又は組成物の用途に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
溶剤可溶型のフッ素樹脂塗料は、フルオロオレフィンと一般的な有機溶剤への溶解性を得るために炭化水素単量体とを共重合して得られるが、炭化水素単量体を多く含有するためにフッ素含有量が低下し、含フッ素樹脂に求められる撥水撥油性、防汚性、低屈折率等の塗膜特性が充分に得られない。また、パーフルオロ基含有モノマー等を他の共重合可能な単量体と共重合することにより、高フッ素含有量が得られるが、フッ素原子が主鎖に含まれていないため、耐候性等が充分ではない。加えて、防汚染性も未だ充分とは言えない。
【0003】
一方、含フッ素共重合体に少量のシリコーンオイル等の有機珪素化合物を混合することにより、防汚性、撥水撥油性を向上させる検討が行われているが、長期において特性を維持することは難しかった。これを改良したものとして、特許文献1や特許文献2に開示されるような含フッ素共重合体があるが、これらのものは低屈折率又は塗布後の表面強度の点では、なお充分な効果を得られていなかった。
【0004】
また、特許文献3等では、低屈折率のフッ素樹脂組成物が提案されているが、油性マジック等の汚染物除去については簡便ではなく、エタノール等の有機溶剤を使用しなければならないという問題があった。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−288216号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2001−302732号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2001−151970号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記のような問題点を解決する含フッ素共重合体及びこれを含む組成物を提供すること、つまり、塗膜としたときに低屈折率、高表面硬度を有し、且つ、防汚性、撥水撥油性、耐薬品性等に優れた特性を有する不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体及びこれを含む組成物を提供することである。また、本発明の不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体及びこれを含む組成物は、反射防止膜、光ファイバーの鞘材、ガラスフィルター用保護膜、太陽電池等の光学材料関係に、あるいは樹脂ワニス、塗料用材料並びに耐候性フィルム材料関係等の各用途に好適である。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記のような問題点を解決すべく鋭意検討を行った結果、フルオロオレフィンと一般式(1)あるいは(2)で示される反応性シリコーンと一般式(3)で示される水酸基含有不飽和エーテル及び一般式(4)で示されるフッ素含有(メタ)アクリル酸エステルとを必須の構成成分とする水酸基含フッ素共重合体[A]と、不飽和イソシアネート[B]との反応によって生成される不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体が、塗膜特性として低屈折率、高表面硬度を有し、且つ、防汚性、撥水撥油性、耐薬品性、耐化学性等に優れることを見出した。
【0008】
R1−[Si(CH3)2−O]n−Si(CH3)2−R2 (1)
(ここで、R1は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基あるいは−(CH2)r−OOC(CH3)C=CH2あるいは−(CH2)r−OOCHC=CH2あるいは−CH=CH2を示す。R2は−(CH2)r−OOC(CH3)C=CH2あるいは−(CH2)r−OOCHC=CH2あるいは−CH=CH2を示す。nは1〜420の整数、rは1〜6の整数を示す。)
R2−Si[OSi(CH3)3]3 (2)
CH2=CH(CH2)m−O−R3−OH (3)
(ここで、R3は炭素数1〜6のアルキレン基あるいはシクロヘキシル基を示す。mは0〜10の整数を示す。)
CH2=CR4(COO)s(CH2)t−R5 (4)
(ここで、R4は水素原子あるいはメチル基、R5は炭素数1〜18のパーフルオロアルキル基あるいはハイドロフルオロアルキル基を示す。sは0または1、tは0〜6の整数を示す。)
具体的には、本発明は、重合単位として、フルオロオレフィンを15〜85モル%と、一般式(1)あるいは(2)で示される反応性シリコーンを0.001〜10モル%と、一般式(3)で示される水酸基含有不飽和エーテルを1〜25モル%及び一般式(4)で示されるフッ素含有(メタ)アクリル酸エステルを1〜45モル%とを必須の構成成分とし、必要に応じて所定の他の共重合性単量体との共重合により得られる水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]と、不飽和イソシアネート[B]との反応により生成される不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体(I)により、低屈折率、高表面硬度を有し、且つ、防汚性、撥水撥油性及び耐薬品性等に優れる含フッ素共重合体塗膜を提供するものである。
【0009】
また、上記水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体は、上記(1)〜(4)の重合単位に加えて、アルキルビニルエーテル、アルキルアリルエーテル、メタクリル酸エステル及びアクリル酸エステルの内から選択される1種以上の重合単位を含み構成される水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A’]と、不飽和イソシアネート[B]との反応により生成されることを特徴とする不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体(I’)の構成をとることもできる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]において、フルオロオレフィンとしては、分子中に1つ以上のフッ素原子を有するオレフィンであって、例えばフッ化ビニリデン、テトラフルオロエチレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン等が好適である。これらのフルオロオレフィンは、それぞれ単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合せてもよい。
【0011】
一般式(1)あるいは(2)で示される反応性シリコーンは、片末端がメタクリル変性されたポリジメチルシロキサン、両末端がビニル変性されたポリジメチルシロキサン、両末端がメタクリル変性されたポリジメチルシロキサン等が好適である。これらの反応性シリコーンは、それぞれ単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合せてもよい。これらの反応性シリコーンの数平均分子量は、200〜30,000が好ましい。
【0012】
反応性シリコーンとしては、特に次式(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)、(9)のシリコーンオイルが好ましい。
【0013】
CH2=C(CH3)−COO−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]p−R6 (5)(ここで、R6はは−CH=CH2あるいは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示す。pは1〜250の整数を示す。)
CH2=CH−COO−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]o−(CH2)x−R7(6)
(ここで、R7は−CH=CH2あるいは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示す。xは0〜6の整数、oは1〜250の整数を示す。)
R8−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]q−C3H6−R8 (7)
(ここで、R8は−OOC(CH3)C=CH2あるいは−OOCHC=CH2を示す。qは1〜250の整数を示す。)
CH2=C(CH3)−COO−C3H6−Si[O−Si(CH3)3]3 (8)
CH2=CH−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]y−R9 (9)
(ここで、R9は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基あるいは−CH=CH2を示す。yは1〜250の整数を示す。)
一般式(3)で示される水酸基含有不飽和エーテルの具体例としては、ヒドロキシメチルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシプロピルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノアリルエーテル、シクロヘキシルビニルエーテル、4−ヒドロキシシクロヘキシルビニルエーテル、3−アリルオキシ−1,2−プロパンジオール、グリセロール−α−モノアリルエーテル等が好適である。これらのヒドロキシル基含有不飽和エーテルは、それぞれ単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合せてもよい。
【0014】
また、一般式(4)で示されるフッ素含有(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの具体例としては、
CH2=CHCOOCH2CF3
CH2=CHCOOCH2(CF2)2F
CH2=CHCOOCH2(CF2)3F
CH2=CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)4F
CH2=CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)6F
CH2=CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)8F
CH2=CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)10F
CH2=CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)12F
CH2=CHCOOCH(CF3)2
CH2=CHCOOCH2(CF2)2H
CH2=CHCOOCH2(CF2)4H
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CF3
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2(CF2)2F
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2(CF2)3F
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2(CF2)4F
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2(CF2)6F
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2(CF2)8F
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2(CF2)10F
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2(CF2)12F
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH(CF3)2
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2(CF2)2H
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2(CF2)4H
CH2=CH(CF2)6F
CH2=CH(CF2)8F
CH2=CH(CF2)10F
CH2=CH(CF2)12F
等が挙げられる。特に、CH2=CHCOOCH2CF3(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルアクリレート)、CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CF3(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルメタクリレート)、CH2=CHCOOCH(CF3)2(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピルアクリレート)、CH2=C(CH3)COOCH(CF3)2(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピルメタクリレート)、CH2=CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)8F(2−パーフルオロオクチルエチルアクリレート)、CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2(CF2)8F(2−パーフルオロオクチルエチルメタクリレート)が、低屈折率や高表面高度等の塗膜特性を向上させる上で好ましい。これらのフッ素含有(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体は、それぞれ単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合せてもよい。
【0015】
アルキルビニルエーテルの具体例としては、エチルビニルエーテル、イソプロピルビニルエーテル、n−プロピルビニルエーテル、n−ブチルビニルエーテル、イソブチルビニルエーテル、シクロヘキシルビニルエーテル、オクタデシルビニルエーテル等が挙げられる。
【0016】
アルキルアリルエーテルの具体例としては、エチルアリルエーテル、ブチルアリルエーテル、シクロヘキシルアリルエーテル、イソブチルアリルエーテル、n−プロピルアリルエーテル等が挙げられる。
【0017】
アクリル酸エステルの具体例としては、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸n−ブチル、アクリル酸t−ブチル、アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル、アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシブチル等が挙げられる。
【0018】
メタクリル酸エステルの具体例としては、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸n−ブチル、メタクリル酸t−ブチル、メタクリル酸グリシジル、メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル、メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシプロピル等が挙げられる。
【0019】
本発明の水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]は、優れた透明性、低屈折率、防汚性、撥水撥油性、耐薬品性に優れた塗膜を形成することができるが、さらに上記した単位に加えて、使用目的などに応じて20モル%を超えない範囲で他の共重合可能な単量体単位を含むこともできる。
【0020】
該共重合可能な単量体として、例えばエチレン、プロピレン等のオレフィン類、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン等のハロオレフィン類、酢酸ビニル、n−酪酸ビニル、イソ酪酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等のアルカンカルボン酸とビニルアルコールとのエステル類、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸等の不飽和カルボン酸等が挙げられる。
【0021】
当該水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]において、重合単位のフルオロオレフィンが15モル%より少ないときには、塗料ベースとして使用した場合に、充分な耐汚染性が得られず、好ましくない。また、85モル%より多い場合には、各種溶剤に対する溶解性が低下し、好ましくない。より好ましくは、30〜80モル%である。
【0022】
一般式(1)あるいは(2)で示される反応性シリコーンの割合が、0.001モル%より少ない場合には、長期における充分な撥水撥油性、防汚性が得られず好ましくない。また、10モル%より多い場合には充分な耐薬品性、耐候性が得られず好ましくない。またさらに、分子量が大きい(n=200〜420)ものを重合する場合は、製造上その割合を多く出来ない。これらの理由により、その割合は特に好ましくは0.005〜8モル%である。
【0023】
一般式(3)で示される水酸基含有不飽和エーテルが、1モル%より少ない場合には、二重結合量が低下し、充分な硬化が起こらず、硬化塗膜の耐薬品性、耐溶剤性が低下して好ましくない。また、25モル%より多い場合には、含フッ素共重合体中のフッ素含有量が減少し、十分な耐薬品性、耐候性が得られず好ましくない。
【0024】
一般式(4)で示されるフッ素含有(メタ)アクリル酸エステルが、1モル%より少ない場合には、長期における充分な撥水撥油性が得られず好ましくない。また、45モル%より多い場合には、充分な耐薬品性、耐候性が得られず好ましくない。
【0025】
当該水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]は、所定割合の単量体混合物を重合開始剤を用いて共重合させることにより製造することができる。
【0026】
水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]における重合開始剤としては、重合形式や所望に応じて用いられる溶媒の種類に応じて、油溶性のものあるいは水溶性のものが適宜用いられる。
【0027】
油溶性開始剤としては、例えばt−ブチルパーオキシイソブチレート、t−ブチルパーオキシピバレート等のパーオキシエステル型過酸化物、ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジノルマルプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート等のジアルキルパーオキシジカーボネート、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等が用いられる。
【0028】
水溶性開始剤としては、例えば過硫酸カリウム等の過硫酸塩、過酸化水素、あるいはこれらと亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム等の還元剤との組み合わせからなる、レドックス開始剤、さらには、これらに少量の鉄、第一鉄塩、硝酸銀等を共存させた無機系開始剤やコハク酸パーオキサイド、ジグルタル酸パーオキサイド、モノコハク酸パーオキサイド等の二塩基酸塩の有機系開始剤等が用いられる。
【0029】
これらの重合開始剤の使用量は、その種類、共重合反応条件等に応じて適宜選ばれるが、通常使用する単量体全量に対して、0.005〜5重量%、好ましくは0.1〜2重量%の範囲で選ばれる。
【0030】
水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]における重合方法については特に制限はなく、例えば塊状重合法、懸濁重合法、乳化重合法、溶液重合法等を用いることが出来るが、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類、酢酸ブチル等の酢酸エステル類、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類やその混合物、t−ブタノール等のアルコール類、フッ素原子を1個以上有するハロゲン化飽和炭化水素類等を溶媒とする溶液重合法や水性溶媒中での乳化重合法を使用した重合法が好ましい。本発明の水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]を溶液重合法により得るための特に好ましい溶媒としては、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、キシレン、トルエン、メチルエチルケトン、芳香族炭化水素及びその混合物が挙げられる。
【0031】
水性溶媒中で共重合させる場合(乳化重合法、懸濁重合法)には、通常分散安定剤として懸濁剤や乳化剤を用い、かつ、塩基性緩衝剤を添加して、重合反応中の反応液のpH値を4以上、好ましくは6〜8に調整することが望ましい。
【0032】
該それぞれの共重合反応における反応温度は、通常−30℃〜150℃での範囲内で重合開始剤や重合媒体の種類に応じて適宜選ぶことができる。例えば、溶媒中で共重合を行う場合には、通常0℃〜100℃、好ましくは10℃〜90℃の範囲で選ばれる。また、反応圧力については特に制限はないが、通常0.1〜10MPa、好ましくは0.1〜5MPaの範囲で選ばれる。さらに、該共重合反応は、適当な連鎖移動剤を添加して行うことができる。
【0033】
水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]と不飽和イソシアネート[B]との反応は、特に限定されるものではないが、水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体を溶媒に溶解した溶液に、不飽和イソシアネートを滴下しながら加え、攪拌下で行うことが好ましい。
【0034】
水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]と不飽和イソシアネート[B]との反応割合は、イソシアネート基/水酸基の比で、0.1〜1.0の範囲で選ばれる。
【0035】
イソシアネート基/水酸基の比が0.1より少ない場合には、二重結合量が低下して充分な硬化が起こらず、硬化塗膜の耐薬品性、耐溶剤性が充分に発揮されず好ましくない。また、1より多い場合には、未反応の不飽和イソシアネートが残存し、塗膜特性を低下させる恐れがあり好ましくない。
【0036】
不飽和イソシアネートの具体例としては、2−イソシアネートエチルメタクリレート、2−イソシアネートエチルアクリレート、4−イソシアネートブチルメタクリレート、4−イソシアネートブチルアクリレート、不飽和モノアルコール1モルとジイソシアネート化合物1モルとの反応生成物、不飽和モノアルコール2モルとトリイソシアネート化合物1モルとの反応生成物等が挙げられる。不飽和モノアルコールの具体例としては、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート、アリルアルコール等が挙げられる。
【0037】
ジイソシアネート化合物の具体例としては、トリレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート、キシリレンジイソシアネート、ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート等が挙げられる。トリイソシアネート化合物の具体例としては、イソシアヌレート結合HDI、イソシアヌレート結合IPDI、TMP変性HDI、TMP変性IPDI等が挙げられる。
【0038】
この時の反応温度としては、10〜130℃、好ましくは25〜85℃の範囲で選ばれる。10℃より低い場合には反応が充分に進行せず、130℃より高い場合には反応時にゲル化が生じ易くなるので好ましくない。
【0039】
反応に使用する溶媒は、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン類、酢酸ブチル等の酢酸エステル類、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素類および芳香族炭化水素の混合物等が好ましい。不飽和イソシアネートを使用しているために、水やアルコール類のような水酸基を有する溶媒を使用すると、水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体[A]と不飽和イソシアネート[B]との反応が進行しないため、これらの水酸基を有する溶媒は好ましくない。
【0040】
反応触媒としてジブチル錫ジラウレート等の有機錫化合物を使用することが好ましい。
【0041】
本発明の不飽和二重結合を含有する含フッ素共重合体又はこれを含む組成物は、紫外線又は電子線照射により硬化可能であるため短時間で硬化を完了させることが出来る。従って、あまり熱をかけられないプラスチック等の基材へのコーティングには非常に有用である。また、水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体を常温硬化させようとする場合には、使用時に硬化剤を混合しなければならず、作業上簡便ではない。それに比べ、本発明の不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体又はこれを含む組成物は1液であり、硬化剤を混合することなく使用できるため作業上簡便で非常に有用である。
【0042】
また、電子線照射により硬化する場合には、重合開始剤を必要とせず、硬化塗膜中の残存重合開始剤の悪影響を受けない。また、顔料等が混合されている場合にも硬化可能である。用途によって、紫外線硬化と電子線硬化を選択することが好ましい。
【0043】
不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体組成物は、(イ)不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体の100重量部に対して、(ロ)3官能以上、特には3〜6官能の(メタ)アクリレートモノマー、及び/又は、(ハ)芳香族ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー、脂肪族ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー、ポリエステルアクリレートオリゴマーの群より選択される1種以上のモノマー及び/又はオリゴマーの成分を5〜70重量部、好ましくは15〜55重量部、さらに好ましくは25〜50重量部の割合で組み合わせることにより用いられる。(ロ)と(ハ)の割合は、(ロ)0〜70重量部に対し、(ハ)70〜0重量部で組み合わせることができる。
【0044】
また、上記の組み合わせる3官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマーの具体例としては、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンエトキシトリアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンEO変性トリアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンPO変性トリアクリレート、イソシアヌル酸EO変性トリアクリレート等が挙げられる。
【0045】
また、4官能以上の(メタ)アクリレートモノマーの具体例としては、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート等が挙げられる。
【0046】
またさらに、EBECRYL1290K(ダイセル・ユーシービー製)等の芳香族ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー及び脂肪族ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー、EBECRYL80、EBECRYL800、EBECRYL810(これら3品種はダイセル・ユーシービー製)、アロニックスM−7100(東亜合成製)等のポリエステルアクリレートオリゴマーと組み合せても良好な塗膜が得られる。
【0047】
また、これらの3〜6官能(メタ)アクリレートモノマー、芳香族ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー及び脂肪族ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー、ポリエステルアクリレートオリゴマーは、それぞれ単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合せてもよい。しかしながら、これらを選択するときは、取り扱い上、皮膚刺激性(P.I.I値)が低い化合物が好ましい。
【0048】
単官能又は2官能以下の(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを用いることもできるが、その場合、反応性は高いが、得られる硬化塗膜が脆くなり、ハードコート性能が得られず好ましくない。
【0049】
紫外線照射の場合に使用する光重合開始剤としては、ベンゾインエーテル、ベンゾフェノン、1−ヒドロキシル−シクロヘキシルフェニルケトン、2−メチル−1−[4−(メチルチオ)フェニル]−2−モンフォリノプロパノン−1、2−ベンジル−2ジメチルアミノ−1−(4−モルフェリノフェニル)−ブタノン−1、2,2−ジメトキシ−1,2−ジフェニルエタン−1−オン等が用いられる。
【0050】
紫外線硬化、電子線硬化は、従来公知の方法により行うことができる。たとえば、紫外線硬化の場合で、高圧水銀ランプを使用するときは、100〜1000mJ/cm2の条件等で硬化可能である。また、電子線硬化の場合は、110kVで30kGy又は200kVで30kGyの条件等で硬化可能である。
【0051】
熱重合開始剤としては、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサネート、t−ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルモノカーボネート等が用いられる。
【0052】
なお、本発明の不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体およびこれを含む組成物を主成分とする硬化性フッ素樹脂塗料を製造する場合には、種々の溶媒が使用可能であり、例えば、キシレン、トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素類あるいは芳香族炭化水素の混合物、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等の酢酸エステル類、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン類、エチルセロソルブ等のグリコールエーテル類、t−ブタノール等のアルコール類、市販の各種シンナー類等が挙げられるが、これらの内、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、キシレン、トルエン、メチルエチルケトン、芳香族炭化水素混合物が特に好ましい。
【0053】
また、必要に応じてKAYARAD EAM−2300(日本化薬製)等のエポキシアクリレートオリゴマー類、非反応性オリゴマー、非反応性モノマー、2官能以下の(メタ)アクリレートモノマー、重合禁止剤、艶消し剤、レベリング剤、紫外線吸収剤、分散安定剤、顔料、沈降防止剤等を本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で添加することが可能である。
【0054】
本発明の二重結合を含有する含フッ素共重合体又はこれを含む組成物と、所定の溶媒、並びに光硬化性モノマー、光硬化性オリゴマー若しくはその他の添加剤等とを混合するには、ボールミル、ペイントシェーカー、サンドミル、ロールミル、ニーダー等の、通常の塗料化に用いられている種々の機器を使用して行うことが出来る。
【0055】
以上のようにして、基材上に形成した二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体又はこれを含む組成物の塗膜は、1.49以下の低屈折率及び2H(鉛筆硬度)以上の高表面硬度を有し、且つ、防汚性、撥水撥油性、耐薬品性等に優れるので、樹脂ワニス、塗料用材料あるいは耐候性フィルム材料、並びに、反射防止膜、光ファイバーの鞘材、ガラスフィルター用保護膜あるいは太陽電池等の光学材料その他の用途に使用することができる。特に、前記光学材料用として、最近要求されている屈折率が1.39〜1.49の範囲の塗膜を形成させるという特性に合致するものであり、また、塗料用材料としては、表面硬度が鉛筆硬度で2H以上、特に3H〜5Hという高表面硬度を達成するものである。
【0056】
【実施例】
次に実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。
実施例1
内容積1Lのステンレス製攪拌機付きオートクレーブ(耐圧10MPa)に、脱気したのち、フッ化ビニリデン(以下VDFと略す)40g、テトラフルオロエチレン(以下TFEと略す)100g、下記構造式で示される反応性シリコーンオイルA(数平均分子量約3,500)17.5g、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル(以下HBVEと略す)43.5g、ヘキサフロオロイソプロピルメタクリレート(以下HFIPMAと略す)88.5g、エチルビニルエーテル(以下EVEと略す)8.6g、酢酸ブチル400g、およびt−ブチルパーオキシピバレート1.4gを入れ、攪拌しながら内温を60℃に昇温した。
【0057】
CH2=C(CH3)−COO−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]44−OSi(CH3)3
その後、攪拌しながら反応を続け、20時間後攪拌を停止し、反応を終了した。得られた共重合体を減圧乾燥により単離した。重合体収量は280g、重合体収率は94%であった。得られた水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体(以下[A−1]とする)の無水酢酸によるアセチル化法によって測定した水酸基価は75mgKOH/g樹脂であった。
【0058】
次に、暗所中で撹拌機、還流コンデンサー、滴下漏斗、塩化カルシウム塔をつけた1L丸底三つ口フラスコに、得られた[A−1]の30%酢酸ブチル溶液500gおよびハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテル0.02g、ジブチル錫ジラウレート0.05gを入れた。温度を40℃に保ち撹拌しながら、滴下漏斗にて2−イソシアネートエチルメタクリレート(以下[B−1]とする)31.1g、酢酸ブチル10.4gを入れた混合溶液を少しずつ滴下した。滴下終了後、2時間攪拌を続け、不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体(I−1)を得た。
【0059】
上記反応溶液の赤外吸収スペクトルを測定した。その結果、2,260cm−1のイソシアネート基の吸収が完全に消失したことを確認した。これにより、[A−1]の水酸基と[B−1]のイソシアネート基の反応が進行したことが確認された。得られた不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体(I−1)のGPCで測定した数平均分子量は2.7×104であった。
【0060】
次に、(I)成分として上記(I−1)30%酢酸ブチル溶液100g、(II)成分として脂肪族ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(EBECRYL1290K:ダイセル・ユーシービー製(以下、「EB1290K」と略記))9g、2−メチル−1−[4−(メチルチオ)フェニル]−2−モンフォリノプロパノン−1(チバガイギー(株)製)2gを加え、PET基材上に#10バーコーターにより塗布し、80℃で1分間乾燥した後、空気中で300mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射し、試験用硬化塗膜を得た。この硬化塗膜の塗膜特性を次の方法で調べた。結果を表4に示す。
<硬化性>
塗膜表面を、キシレンを含浸させた布で50往復した後の塗膜表面を評価する。
◎:異状なし
○:ほとんど変化なし
△:やや侵される
×:侵される
<屈折率>
アッベ屈折計 1T型(アタゴ製)にて25℃における屈折率を測定した。
<鉛筆硬度>
鉛筆硬度試験機(東洋精機製)にてキズが付いたところ。
<撥水性>
接触角計(協和界面科学製)にて水の接触角(単位:度)で評価した。
<油性マジックはじき性>
油性マジック(黒・赤・マジックインキ 商品名)により塗膜表面を塗りつぶし、はじき性を評価する。さらにこの塗膜を室温で1時間放置後、乾拭きにより除去する。これを20回繰り返した後の、塗膜表面のはじき性を評価する。
◎:良くはじく
○:はじく
△:ややはじく
×:全くはじかない
<耐酸性・耐アルカリ性>
10%HCl溶液、10%NaOH溶液による24時間スポットテスト後の塗膜外観を目視観察する。
◎:異状なし
○:ほとんど変化なし
△:やや侵される
×:侵される
実施例2〜17
表1〜表2に示す単量体を用いて前記実施例の操作に準拠して共重合体(I−2)〜(I−11)を製造、また表4〜表6に示す(II)成分を混合し、この硬化塗膜の塗膜特性を同様に調べた。結果を表4〜表6に示す。
実施例18〜19
表6に示す組成に開始剤を加えずに、PET基材上に#10バーコーターにより塗布し、80℃で1分間乾燥した後、岩崎電気製電子線照射装置EC250/15/180Lにて加速電圧200kV、線量30kGyの条件にて電子線を照射し、試験用硬化塗膜を得た。結果を表6に示す。
比較例1
内容積1Lのステンレス製撹拌機付きオートクレーブ(耐圧10MPa)に、脱気したのち、VDF48g、TFE75g、反応性シリコーンオイルA17.5g、HBVE43.5g、EVE8.6g、BVE50g、酢酸ブチル320g、メチルエチルケトン(以下MEKと略す)80g、およびt−ブチルパーオキシピバレート1.2gを入れ、撹拌しながら内温を60℃に昇温した。その後、撹拌しながら反応を続け、20時間後攪拌を停止し、反応を終了した。得られた共重合体を減圧乾燥により単離した。重合体収量は223g、重合体収率は92%であった。得られた水酸基含有含フッ素共重合体(以下[A−12]とする)の水酸基価は94mgKOH/g樹脂であった。
【0061】
次に暗所中で撹拌機、還流コンデンサー、滴下漏斗、塩化カルシウム塔をつけた1L丸底三つ口フラスコに、[A−12]の30%酢酸ブチル溶液500gおよびハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテル0.02g、ジブチル錫ジラウレート0.05gを入れた。温度を40℃に保ち撹拌しながら、滴下漏斗に[B−1]39.0g、酢酸ブチル13.0gを入れた混合溶液を少しずつ滴下した。滴下終了後、2時間攪拌を続け、不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体(I−12)を得た。
【0062】
得られた不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体(I−12)のGPCで測定した数平均分子量は3.2×104であった。
【0063】
次に、(I)成分として上記(I−12)30%酢酸ブチル溶液100g、(II)成分としてトリプロピレングリコールジアクリレートモノマー15g、2−メチル−1−[4−(メチルチオ)フェニル]−2−モンフォリノプロパノン−1(チバガイギー(株)製)2gを加え、PET基材上に#10バーコーターにより塗布し、80℃で1分間乾燥した後、空気中で300mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射し、試験用硬化塗膜を得た。この硬化塗膜の塗膜特性を実施例1と同様に調べた。結果を表7に示す。
比較例2
実施例1で使用した不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体(I−1)を使用し、EB1290Kの代わりに、トリプロピレングリコールジアクリレートモノマーを用い硬化塗膜を得た。結果を表7に示す。
比較例3
実施例13で使用した不飽和二重結合含有含フッ素共重合体(I−9)を使用し、EB1290Kの代わりに、フェノキシポリエチレングリコールアクリレートモノマーを用い硬化塗膜を得た。結果を表7に示す。
比較例4〜5
表3に示す単量体を用いて比較例1の操作に準拠して共重合体(I−13)〜(I−14)を製造、また表7に示す(II)成分を混合し、これらの硬化塗膜特性を同様に調べた。結果を表7に示す。
【0064】
【表1】
【0065】
【表2】
【0066】
【表3】
【0067】
【表4】
【0068】
【表5】
【0069】
【表6】
【0070】
【表7】
【0071】
表中、
・TFEMA:2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルメタクリレート
・BVE:ブチルビニルエーテル
・MMA:メチルメタクリレート
・HEMA:ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート
・ソルベッソ(登録商標):芳香族炭化水素混合物(エクソン化学製)
・EB80:EBECRYL80(ダイセル・ユーシービー製、ポリエステルアクリレートオリゴマー)
・反応性シリコーンオイルA:
CH2=C(CH3)−COO−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]44−OSi(CH3)3
数平均分子量:約3500
・反応性シリコーンオイルB:
CH2=C(CH3)−COO−C3H6−Si−[O−Si(CH3)3]3
数平均分子量:約420
・反応性シリコーンオイルC:
CH2=C(CH3)−COO−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]64−OSi(CH3)2C4H9
数平均分子量:約5000
・反応性シリコーンオイルD:
CH2=CH−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]60−OSi(CH3)2−(CH2)3CH3
数平均分子量:約4660
・反応性シリコーンオイルE:
CH2=CH−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]60−OSi(CH3)2−CH=CH2
数平均分子量:約4630[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, when formed into a coating film, has a low refractive index, a high surface hardness, and has excellent properties such as antifouling properties, water repellency, oil repellency, and chemical resistance. The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing copolymer having an unsaturated double bond, which can be cured by an electron beam or heat, and a composition containing the same. By using a composition obtained by adding a specific monomer and / or oligomer to a fluorine-containing copolymer containing a saturated double bond to a resin varnish or a paint, etc., the unsaturated property capable of exhibiting the above-mentioned film properties. The present invention relates to the use of a fluorine-containing copolymer or composition containing a double bond.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Solvent-soluble fluororesin paints are obtained by copolymerizing fluoroolefins and hydrocarbon monomers to obtain solubility in common organic solvents, but contain a large amount of hydrocarbon monomers As a result, the fluorine content is reduced, and the coating properties such as water / oil repellency, antifouling property, and low refractive index required for the fluorine-containing resin cannot be sufficiently obtained. In addition, a high fluorine content can be obtained by copolymerizing a perfluoro group-containing monomer or the like with another copolymerizable monomer, but since a fluorine atom is not contained in the main chain, weather resistance and the like are reduced. Not enough. In addition, the antifouling property is still not sufficient.
[0003]
On the other hand, studies have been made to improve the antifouling property and water / oil repellency by mixing a small amount of an organosilicon compound such as silicone oil into the fluorinated copolymer, but it is not possible to maintain the properties for a long period of time. was difficult. As an improvement of this, there are fluorine-containing copolymers as disclosed in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, but these have still a sufficient effect in terms of low refractive index or surface strength after coating. Was not obtained.
[0004]
Further, Patent Document 3 and the like propose a fluororesin composition having a low refractive index. However, it is not easy to remove contaminants such as oily magic, and there is a problem that an organic solvent such as ethanol must be used. there were.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-288216 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-302732 A
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2001-151970 A
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a fluorine-containing copolymer and a composition containing the same, which solve the above problems, that is, have a low refractive index and a high surface hardness when formed into a coating film, Another object of the present invention is to provide an unsaturated double bond-containing fluorinated copolymer having excellent antifouling properties, water / oil repellency, chemical resistance and the like, and a composition containing the same. Further, the unsaturated double bond-containing fluorine-containing copolymer of the present invention and a composition containing the same may be used as an antireflection film, a sheath material of an optical fiber, a protective film for a glass filter, an optical material such as a solar cell, or a resin. It is suitable for various uses such as varnishes, paint materials and weather-resistant film materials.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, a fluoroolefin, a reactive silicone represented by the general formula (1) or (2), and a reactive silicone represented by the general formula (3) Reaction of a hydroxyl group-containing copolymer [A] containing a hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated ether and a fluorine-containing (meth) acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (4) as an essential component, with an unsaturated isocyanate [B] The unsaturated double bond-containing fluorinated copolymer produced by the method has a low refractive index and a high surface hardness as coating properties, and also has antifouling properties, water and oil repellency, chemical resistance, and chemical resistance. And so on.
[0008]
R1-[Si (CH3)2-O]n-Si (CH3)2-R2 (1)
(Where R1Is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or-(CH2)r-OOC (CH3) C = CH2Or-(CH2)r-OOCHC = CH2Or -CH = CH2Is shown. R2Is-(CH2)r-OOC (CH3) C = CH2Or-(CH2)r-OOCHC = CH2Or -CH = CH2Is shown. n represents an integer of 1 to 420, and r represents an integer of 1 to 6. )
R2-Si [OSi (CH3)3]3 (2)
CH2= CH (CH2)m-OR3-OH (3)
(Where R3Represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cyclohexyl group. m shows the integer of 0-10. )
CH2= CR4(COO)s(CH2)t-R5 (4)
(Where R4Is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R5Represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a hydrofluoroalkyl group. s represents 0 or 1, and t represents an integer of 0 to 6. )
Specifically, the present invention provides, as polymerized units, 15 to 85 mol% of a fluoroolefin, 0.001 to 10 mol% of a reactive silicone represented by the general formula (1) or (2), and 1 to 25 mol% of the hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated ether represented by (3) and 1 to 45 mol% of the fluorine-containing (meth) acrylic ester represented by the general formula (4) are essential constituent components. Accordingly, a hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] obtained by copolymerization with another predetermined copolymerizable monomer and an unsaturated double bond containing an unsaturated isocyanate [B] The fluorinated copolymer (I) provides a fluorinated copolymer coating film having a low refractive index, high surface hardness, and excellent antifouling properties, water and oil repellency, chemical resistance, and the like. is there.
[0009]
The hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl vinyl ethers, alkyl allyl ethers, methacrylic esters and acrylic esters, in addition to the polymerization units of the above (1) to (4). Characterized by being produced by the reaction of a hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A ′] containing a polymerized unit of the formula (I) with an unsaturated isocyanate [B]. The configuration of (I ′) can also be adopted.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] of the present invention, the fluoroolefin is an olefin having one or more fluorine atoms in the molecule, for example, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene and the like are preferred. These fluoroolefins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0011]
Examples of the reactive silicone represented by the general formula (1) or (2) include methacryl-modified polydimethylsiloxane at one end, vinyl-modified polydimethylsiloxane at both ends, and methacryl-modified polydimethylsiloxane at both ends. Is preferred. These reactive silicones may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The number average molecular weight of these reactive silicones is preferably from 200 to 30,000.
[0012]
As the reactive silicone, silicone oils of the following formulas (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9) are particularly preferred.
[0013]
CH2= C (CH3) -COO-C3H6-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]p-R6 (5) (where R6Is -CH = CH2Alternatively, it represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. p shows the integer of 1-250. )
CH2= CH-COO-C3H6-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]o− (CH2)x-R7(6)
(Where R7Is -CH = CH2Alternatively, it represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. x represents an integer of 0 to 6, and o represents an integer of 1 to 250. )
R8-C3H6-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]q-C3H6-R8 (7)
(Where R8Is -OOC (CH3) C = CH2Or -OOCHC = CH2Is shown. q shows the integer of 1-250. )
CH2= C (CH3) -COO-C3H6-Si [O-Si (CH3)3]3 (8)
CH2= CH-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]y-R9 (9)
(Where R9Is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -CH = CH2Is shown. y shows the integer of 1-250. )
Specific examples of the hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated ether represented by the general formula (3) include hydroxymethyl vinyl ether, hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol monoallyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxycyclohexyl vinyl ether, 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol, glycerol-α-monoallyl ether and the like are preferred. These hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated ethers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0014]
Further, specific examples of the fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate represented by the general formula (4) include:
CH2= CHCOOCH2CF3
CH2= CHCOOCH2(CF2)2F
CH2= CHCOOCH2(CF2)3F
CH2= CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)4F
CH2= CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)6F
CH2= CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)8F
CH2= CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)10F
CH2= CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)12F
CH2= CHCOOCH (CF3)2
CH2= CHCOOCH2(CF2)2H
CH2= CHCOOCH2(CF2)4H
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2CF3
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2(CF2)2F
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2(CF2)3F
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2CH2(CF2)4F
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2CH2(CF2)6F
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2CH2(CF2)8F
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2CH2(CF2)10F
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2CH2(CF2)12F
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH (CF3)2
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2(CF2)2H
CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2(CF2)4H
CH2= CH (CF2)6F
CH2= CH (CF2)8F
CH2= CH (CF2)10F
CH2= CH (CF2)12F
And the like. In particular, CH2= CHCOOCH2CF3(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate), CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2CF3(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate), CH2= CHCOOCH (CF3)2(Hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate), CH2= C (CH3) COOCH (CF3)2(Hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate), CH2= CHCOOCH2CH2(CF2)8F (2-perfluorooctylethyl acrylate), CH2= C (CH3) COOCH2CH2(CF2)8F (2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate) is preferred for improving coating properties such as low refractive index and high surface height. These fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0015]
Specific examples of the alkyl vinyl ether include ethyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, and octadecyl vinyl ether.
[0016]
Specific examples of the alkyl allyl ether include ethyl allyl ether, butyl allyl ether, cyclohexyl allyl ether, isobutyl allyl ether, n-propyl allyl ether and the like.
[0017]
Specific examples of the acrylate include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, and the like.
[0018]
Specific examples of methacrylates include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. And the like.
[0019]
The hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] of the present invention can form a coating film having excellent transparency, low refractive index, stain resistance, water and oil repellency, and chemical resistance. In addition to the above-mentioned units, other copolymerizable monomer units may be contained within a range not exceeding 20 mol% depending on the purpose of use and the like.
[0020]
Examples of the copolymerizable monomer include olefins such as ethylene and propylene, haloolefins such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, and alkanecarboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl n-butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, and vinyl propionate. And vinyl alcohol, and unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
[0021]
In the hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A], when the fluoroolefin of the polymerization unit is less than 15 mol%, when used as a paint base, sufficient stain resistance cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the content is more than 85 mol%, the solubility in various solvents decreases, which is not preferable. More preferably, it is 30 to 80 mol%.
[0022]
If the proportion of the reactive silicone represented by the general formula (1) or (2) is less than 0.001 mol%, sufficient long-term water / oil repellency and stain resistance cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it is more than 10 mol%, sufficient chemical resistance and weather resistance cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. Further, when polymerizing a polymer having a large molecular weight (n = 200 to 420), the ratio cannot be increased due to production. For these reasons, the proportion is particularly preferably between 0.005 and 8 mol%.
[0023]
When the amount of the hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated ether represented by the general formula (3) is less than 1 mol%, the amount of double bonds is reduced, sufficient curing does not occur, and the cured coating has chemical resistance and solvent resistance. Is undesirably reduced. On the other hand, if it is more than 25 mol%, the fluorine content in the fluorinated copolymer decreases, and sufficient chemical resistance and weather resistance cannot be obtained, which is not preferable.
[0024]
If the content of the fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate represented by the general formula (4) is less than 1 mol%, sufficient water / oil repellency over a long period of time cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it is more than 45 mol%, sufficient chemical resistance and weather resistance cannot be obtained, which is not preferable.
[0025]
The hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] can be produced by copolymerizing a predetermined ratio of the monomer mixture using a polymerization initiator.
[0026]
As the polymerization initiator in the hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A], an oil-soluble or water-soluble one is appropriately used depending on the type of polymerization and the type of solvent used as desired.
[0027]
Examples of the oil-soluble initiator include peroxyester-type peroxides such as t-butylperoxyisobutyrate and t-butylperoxypivalate; and dialkyls such as diisopropylperoxydicarbonate and dinormal propylperoxydicarbonate. Peroxydicarbonate, benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile and the like are used.
[0028]
As the water-soluble initiator, for example, a persulfate such as potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, or a combination thereof with sodium hydrogen sulfite, a reducing agent such as sodium thiosulfate, a redox initiator, and further, An inorganic initiator in which a small amount of iron, ferrous salt, silver nitrate and the like coexist, and an organic initiator of a dibasic acid salt such as succinic peroxide, diglutaric peroxide and monosuccinic peroxide are used.
[0029]
The amount of these polymerization initiators used is appropriately selected according to the type thereof, copolymerization reaction conditions, etc., but is usually 0.005 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of normally used monomers. 22% by weight.
[0030]
The polymerization method for the hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] is not particularly limited, and for example, a bulk polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, and the like can be used, and ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone can be used. Solution polymerization using acetic acid esters such as butyl acetate, aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene and mixtures thereof, alcohols such as t-butanol, halogenated saturated hydrocarbons having at least one fluorine atom as a solvent, etc. And a polymerization method using an emulsion polymerization method in an aqueous solvent. Particularly preferred solvents for obtaining the hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] of the present invention by a solution polymerization method include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, xylene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.
[0031]
When the copolymerization is carried out in an aqueous solvent (emulsion polymerization method or suspension polymerization method), a suspension or emulsifier is usually used as a dispersion stabilizer, and a basic buffer is added to carry out the reaction during the polymerization reaction. It is desirable to adjust the pH value of the solution to 4 or more, preferably 6 to 8.
[0032]
The reaction temperature in each of the copolymerization reactions can be appropriately selected within the range of usually -30 ° C to 150 ° C depending on the type of the polymerization initiator and the polymerization medium. For example, when the copolymerization is carried out in a solvent, it is usually selected in the range of 0 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably 10 ° C to 90 ° C. The reaction pressure is not particularly limited, but is usually selected in the range of 0.1 to 10 MPa, preferably 0.1 to 5 MPa. Further, the copolymerization reaction can be carried out by adding an appropriate chain transfer agent.
[0033]
The reaction between the hydroxyl-containing fluorine-containing copolymer [A] and the unsaturated isocyanate [B] is not particularly limited, but the unsaturated isocyanate is added to a solution in which the hydroxyl-containing fluorine-containing copolymer is dissolved in a solvent. It is preferable that the addition is carried out while dripping and the stirring is carried out.
[0034]
The reaction ratio between the hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] and the unsaturated isocyanate [B] is selected in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 in the ratio of isocyanate group / hydroxyl group.
[0035]
When the ratio of isocyanate group / hydroxyl group is less than 0.1, the amount of double bonds is reduced and sufficient curing does not occur, and the chemical resistance and solvent resistance of the cured coating film are not sufficiently exhibited, which is not preferable. . On the other hand, when the ratio is more than 1, unreacted unsaturated isocyanate remains, which may undesirably lower coating film properties.
[0036]
Specific examples of the unsaturated isocyanate include 2-isocyanate ethyl methacrylate, 2-isocyanate ethyl acrylate, 4-isocyanate butyl methacrylate, 4-isocyanate butyl acrylate, a reaction product of 1 mole of an unsaturated monoalcohol and 1 mole of a diisocyanate compound, A reaction product of 2 mol of unsaturated monoalcohol and 1 mol of triisocyanate compound is exemplified. Specific examples of the unsaturated monoalcohol include hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, allyl alcohol and the like.
[0037]
Specific examples of the diisocyanate compound include tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and the like. Specific examples of the triisocyanate compound include isocyanurate-bound HDI, isocyanurate-bound IPDI, TMP-modified HDI, and TMP-modified IPDI.
[0038]
The reaction temperature at this time is selected in the range of 10 to 130C, preferably 25 to 85C. If the temperature is lower than 10 ° C., the reaction does not proceed sufficiently. If the temperature is higher than 130 ° C., gelation is apt to occur during the reaction, which is not preferable.
[0039]
As the solvent used in the reaction, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetates such as butyl acetate, aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, and a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons are preferable. Since a solvent having a hydroxyl group such as water or alcohol is used because the unsaturated isocyanate is used, the reaction between the hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] and the unsaturated isocyanate [B] does not proceed. Solvents having these hydroxyl groups are not preferred.
[0040]
It is preferable to use an organotin compound such as dibutyltin dilaurate as a reaction catalyst.
[0041]
The fluorine-containing copolymer containing an unsaturated double bond or the composition containing the same according to the present invention can be cured in a short time because it can be cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or electron beams. Therefore, it is very useful for coating a base material such as a plastic to which less heat is applied. In addition, when the hydroxyl group-containing fluorine-containing copolymer is to be cured at room temperature, a curing agent must be mixed at the time of use, which is not simple in operation. On the other hand, the unsaturated double bond-containing fluorine-containing copolymer of the present invention or the composition containing the same is a one-part solution and can be used without mixing a curing agent, so that it is simple and very useful in work.
[0042]
In the case of curing by electron beam irradiation, no polymerization initiator is required, and there is no adverse effect of the residual polymerization initiator in the cured coating film. In addition, it can be cured even when a pigment or the like is mixed. It is preferable to select ultraviolet curing and electron beam curing depending on the application.
[0043]
The unsaturated double bond-containing fluorine-containing copolymer composition is (B) three or more functional groups, particularly 3 to 6 functional groups, per 100 parts by weight of the unsaturated double bond-containing fluorine-containing copolymer. And (c) one or more monomers and / or oligomers selected from the group consisting of aromatic urethane acrylate oligomers, aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomers, and polyester acrylate oligomers. It is used by combining at a ratio of 15 parts by weight, preferably 15 to 55 parts by weight, more preferably 25 to 50 parts by weight. The ratio of (b) to (c) can be combined at (c) 70 to 0 parts by weight with respect to (b) 0 to 70 parts by weight.
[0044]
Specific examples of the above-mentioned trifunctional (meth) acrylate monomers to be combined include pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxy triacrylate, trimethylolpropane EO-modified triacrylate, and trimethylolpropane. Examples include PO-modified triacrylate and isocyanuric acid EO-modified triacrylate.
[0045]
Specific examples of the tetrafunctional or higher (meth) acrylate monomer include ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.
[0046]
Further, aromatic urethane acrylate oligomers and aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomers such as EBECRYL 1290K (manufactured by Daicel UCB), EBECRYL80, EBECRYL800, EBECRYL810 (these three types are manufactured by Daicel UCB), Aronix M-7100 (manufactured by Toa Gosei) A good coating film can be obtained even in combination with a polyester acrylate oligomer such as (1).
[0047]
In addition, these 3 to 6 functional (meth) acrylate monomers, aromatic urethane acrylate oligomers, aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomers, and polyester acrylate oligomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, when these are selected, compounds having low skin irritation (PII value) are preferred in terms of handling.
[0048]
Monofunctional or bifunctional or lower (meth) acrylate monomers can also be used. In this case, although the reactivity is high, the resulting cured coating film becomes brittle and hard coat performance cannot be obtained, which is not preferable.
[0049]
The photopolymerization initiator used in the case of ultraviolet irradiation includes benzoin ether, benzophenone, 1-hydroxyl-cyclohexylphenyl ketone, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-monforinopropanone- 1,2-benzyl-2dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone-1,2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one and the like are used.
[0050]
UV curing and electron beam curing can be performed by a conventionally known method. For example, in the case of ultraviolet curing, when a high-pressure mercury lamp is used, 100 to 1000 mJ / cm2It can be cured under the following conditions. In the case of electron beam curing, curing can be performed under the conditions of 30 kGy at 110 kV or 30 kGy at 200 kV.
[0051]
As the thermal polymerization initiator, benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanate, t-butylperoxyisopropyl monocarbonate and the like are used.
[0052]
In the case of producing a curable fluororesin paint containing the unsaturated double bond-containing fluorine-containing copolymer of the present invention and a composition containing the same as a main component, various solvents can be used, for example, Aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene and toluene or a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons; acetates such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; glycol ethers such as ethyl cellosolve; t-butanol And various commercially available thinners, among which ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, xylene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures are particularly preferable.
[0053]
If necessary, epoxy acrylate oligomers such as KAYARAD EAM-2300 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku), non-reactive oligomers, non-reactive monomers, difunctional or lower (meth) acrylate monomers, polymerization inhibitors, matting agents , A leveling agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a dispersion stabilizer, a pigment, an anti-settling agent and the like can be added within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
[0054]
To mix the fluorine-containing copolymer having a double bond of the present invention or a composition containing the same with a predetermined solvent, a photocurable monomer, a photocurable oligomer or other additives, a ball mill is used. , A paint shaker, a sand mill, a roll mill, a kneader, etc.
[0055]
As described above, the coating film of the double bond-containing fluorine-containing copolymer or the composition containing the same formed on the substrate has a low refractive index of 1.49 or less and a high surface of 2H (pencil hardness) or more. It has hardness, and is excellent in antifouling property, water and oil repellency, chemical resistance, etc., so it is used for resin varnish, coating material or weather resistant film material, antireflection film, optical fiber sheath material, glass filter It can be used for a protective film, an optical material such as a solar cell, and other uses. In particular, the material conforms to the recently required property of forming a coating film having a refractive index in the range of 1.39 to 1.49 for the optical material. Achieves a high surface hardness of 2H or more, especially 3H to 5H in pencil hardness.
[0056]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
After degassing in a 1 L stainless steel autoclave with a stirrer (withstand pressure of 10 MPa), 40 g of vinylidene fluoride (hereinafter abbreviated as VDF), 100 g of tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter abbreviated as TFE), and the reactivity represented by the following structural formula 17.5 g of silicone oil A (number average molecular weight about 3,500), 43.5 g of hydroxybutyl vinyl ether (hereinafter abbreviated as HBVE), 88.5 g of hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as HFIPMA), and ethyl vinyl ether (hereinafter referred to as EVE) 8.6 g, butyl acetate 400 g, and t-butyl peroxypivalate 1.4 g were added, and the internal temperature was raised to 60 ° C. while stirring.
[0057]
CH2= C (CH3) -COO-C3H6-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]44-OSi (CH3)3
Thereafter, the reaction was continued with stirring, and after 20 hours, the stirring was stopped to terminate the reaction. The obtained copolymer was isolated by drying under reduced pressure. The polymer yield was 280 g and the polymer yield was 94%. The hydroxyl value of the obtained hydroxyl-containing fluorine-containing copolymer (hereinafter referred to as [A-1]) measured by an acetylation method using acetic anhydride was 75 mgKOH / g resin.
[0058]
Next, in a dark place, 500 g of a 30% butyl acetate solution of the obtained [A-1] and hydroquinone monomethyl ether were placed in a 1 L round-bottomed three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel and a calcium chloride tower. 0.02 g and 0.05 g of dibutyltin dilaurate were added. While maintaining the temperature at 40 ° C. and stirring, a mixed solution containing 31.1 g of 2-isocyanateethyl methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as “B-1”) and 10.4 g of butyl acetate was added dropwise little by little using a dropping funnel. After completion of the dropwise addition, stirring was continued for 2 hours to obtain an unsaturated double bond-containing fluorine-containing copolymer (I-1).
[0059]
The infrared absorption spectrum of the reaction solution was measured. As a result, 2,260 cm-1It was confirmed that the absorption of the isocyanate group of the compound completely disappeared. Thereby, it was confirmed that the reaction between the hydroxyl group of [A-1] and the isocyanate group of [B-1] proceeded. The number average molecular weight of the obtained unsaturated double bond-containing fluorinated copolymer (I-1) measured by GPC was 2.7 × 10 34Met.
[0060]
Next, 100 g of the above-mentioned (I-1) 30% butyl acetate solution as the component (I), and 9 g of an aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer (EBECRYL1290K: manufactured by Daicel UCB (hereinafter abbreviated as “EB1290K”)) as the component (II) , 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-monforinopropanone-1 (manufactured by Ciba-Geigy Co., Ltd.), and coated on a PET substrate using a # 10 bar coater. After drying at ℃ for 1 minute, 300mJ / cm in air2Was irradiated to obtain a cured coating film for testing. The coating properties of this cured coating were examined by the following methods. Table 4 shows the results.
<Curability>
The coating film surface after reciprocating 50 times with a cloth impregnated with xylene is evaluated.
◎: No abnormality
○: almost no change
△: slightly affected
×: Affected
<Refractive index>
The refractive index at 25 ° C. was measured with an Abbe refractometer 1T type (manufactured by Atago).
<Pencil hardness>
Where a scratch is made with a pencil hardness tester (manufactured by Toyo Seiki).
<Water repellency>
It was evaluated by the contact angle of water (unit: degree) with a contact angle meter (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science).
<Oil-based magic repellency>
The paint film surface is painted out with oil-based magic (black / red / magic ink product name) to evaluate the repellency. Further, after leaving this coating film at room temperature for 1 hour, it is removed by dry wiping. After repeating this 20 times, the repellency of the coating film surface is evaluated.
◎: Repels well
○: Repel
△: Somewhat repelled
×: Does not repel at all
<Acid and alkali resistance>
The appearance of the coating film after a 24-hour spot test with a 10% HCl solution and a 10% NaOH solution is visually observed.
◎: No abnormality
○: almost no change
△: slightly affected
×: Affected
Examples 2 to 17
Using the monomers shown in Tables 1 and 2, copolymers (I-2) to (I-11) were produced in accordance with the operation of the above Examples, and (II) shown in Tables 4 to 6 The components were mixed and the coating properties of this cured coating were similarly examined. The results are shown in Tables 4 to 6.
Examples 18 to 19
The composition shown in Table 6 was applied to a PET substrate using a # 10 bar coater without adding an initiator, dried at 80 ° C. for 1 minute, and then accelerated by an Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. electron beam irradiation device EC250 / 15 / 180L. An electron beam was irradiated under the conditions of a voltage of 200 kV and a dose of 30 kGy to obtain a cured coating film for testing. Table 6 shows the results.
Comparative Example 1
After degassing in a 1 L stainless steel autoclave (withstand pressure of 10 MPa) with a stirrer, 48 g of VDF, 75 g of TFE, 17.5 g of reactive silicone oil A, 43.5 g of HBVE, 8.6 g of EVE, 50 g of BVE, 320 g of butyl acetate, 320 g of methyl ethyl ketone (hereinafter referred to as methyl ethyl ketone) 80 g, and 1.2 g of t-butyl peroxypivalate were added, and the internal temperature was raised to 60 ° C. while stirring. Thereafter, the reaction was continued while stirring, and after 20 hours, the stirring was stopped to terminate the reaction. The obtained copolymer was isolated by drying under reduced pressure. The polymer yield was 223 g, and the polymer yield was 92%. The hydroxyl value of the obtained hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer (hereinafter referred to as [A-12]) was 94 mgKOH / g resin.
[0061]
Then, in a dark place, 500 g of a 30% butyl acetate solution of [A-12] and 0.02 g of hydroquinone monomethyl ether were placed in a 1 L round bottom three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, and a calcium chloride tower. 0.05 g of dibutyltin dilaurate was added. While maintaining the temperature at 40 ° C. and stirring, a mixed solution containing 39.0 g of [B-1] and 13.0 g of butyl acetate was dropped into the dropping funnel little by little. After completion of the dropwise addition, stirring was continued for 2 hours to obtain an unsaturated double bond-containing fluorinated copolymer (I-12).
[0062]
The number average molecular weight of the obtained unsaturated double bond-containing fluorinated copolymer (I-12) measured by GPC was 3.2 × 10 34Met.
[0063]
Next, 100 g of the above-mentioned (I-12) 30% butyl acetate solution as the component (I), 15 g of a tripropylene glycol diacrylate monomer as the component (II), 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2 2 g of Monforinopropanone-1 (manufactured by Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd.) was added, coated on a PET substrate with a # 10 bar coater, dried at 80 ° C. for 1 minute, and then 300 mJ / cm in air.2Was irradiated to obtain a cured coating film for testing. The properties of the cured coating film were examined in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 7 shows the results.
Comparative Example 2
Using the unsaturated double bond-containing fluorine-containing copolymer (I-1) used in Example 1, a cured coating film was obtained by using a tripropylene glycol diacrylate monomer instead of EB1290K. Table 7 shows the results.
Comparative Example 3
Using the unsaturated double bond-containing fluorinated copolymer (I-9) used in Example 13, a cured coating film was obtained using a phenoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate monomer instead of EB1290K. Table 7 shows the results.
Comparative Examples 4 and 5
Copolymers (I-13) to (I-14) were produced using the monomers shown in Table 3 in accordance with the procedure of Comparative Example 1, and the components (II) shown in Table 7 were mixed. Was similarly examined for cured coating film properties. Table 7 shows the results.
[0064]
[Table 1]
[0065]
[Table 2]
[0066]
[Table 3]
[0067]
[Table 4]
[0068]
[Table 5]
[0069]
[Table 6]
[0070]
[Table 7]
[0071]
In the table,
・ TFEMA: 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate
・ BVE: butyl vinyl ether
・ MMA: Methyl methacrylate
・ HEMA: hydroxyethyl methacrylate
Solvesso (registered trademark): aromatic hydrocarbon mixture (manufactured by Exxon Chemical)
・ EB80: EBECRYL80 (manufactured by Daicel UCB, polyester acrylate oligomer)
・ Reactive silicone oil A:
CH2= C (CH3) -COO-C3H6-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]44-OSi (CH3)3
Number average molecular weight: about 3500
・ Reactive silicone oil B:
CH2= C (CH3) -COO-C3H6-Si- [O-Si (CH3)3]3
Number average molecular weight: about 420
・ Reactive silicone oil C:
CH2= C (CH3) -COO-C3H6-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]64-OSi (CH3)2C4H9
Number average molecular weight: about 5000
・ Reactive silicone oil D:
CH2= CH-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]60-OSi (CH3)2− (CH2)3CH3
Number average molecular weight: about 4660
・ Reactive silicone oil E:
CH2= CH-Si (CH3)2-[O-Si (CH3)2]60-OSi (CH3)2-CH = CH2
Number average molecular weight: about 4630
Claims (8)
R1−[Si(CH3)2−O]n−Si(CH3)2−R2 (1)
(ここで、R1は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基あるいは−(CH2)r−OOC(CH3)C=CH2あるいは−(CH2)r−OOCHC=CH2あるいは−CH=CH2を示す。R2は−(CH2)r−OOC(CH3)C=CH2あるいは−(CH2)r−OOCHC=CH2あるいは−CH=CH2を示す。nは1〜420の整数、rは1〜6の整数を示す。)
R2−Si[OSi(CH3)3]3 (2)
CH2=CH(CH2)m−O−R3−OH (3)
(ここで、R3は炭素数1〜6のアルキレン基あるいはシクロヘキシル基を示す。mは0〜10の整数を示す。)
CH2=CR4(COO)s(CH2)t−R5 (4)
(ここで、R4は水素原子あるいはメチル基、R5は炭素数1〜18のパーフルオロアルキル基あるいはハイドロフルオロアルキル基を示す。sは0または1、tは0〜6の整数を示す。)As the polymerized units, (a) a fluoroolefin, (b) a reactive silicone represented by the following general formula (1) or (2), (c) a hydroxyl group-containing unsaturated ether represented by the following general formula (3), and (d) ) It is produced by reacting a hydroxyl group-containing fluorinated copolymer [A] containing a fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate represented by the following general formula (4) with an unsaturated isocyanate [B]. A fluorine-containing copolymer containing an unsaturated double bond.
R 1- [Si (CH 3 ) 2 -O] n -Si (CH 3 ) 2 -R 2 (1)
(Where R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or — (CH 2 ) r —OOC (CH 3 ) C = CH 2 or — (CH 2 ) r —OOCHC = CH 2 or —CH = CH 2 the .R 2 showing a - (CH 2) r -OOC ( CH 3) C = CH 2 or - (CH 2) r -OOCHC = illustrating a CH 2 or -CH = CH 2 .n is an integer of from 1 to 420 , R represents an integer of 1 to 6.)
R 2 —Si [OSi (CH 3 ) 3 ] 3 (2)
CH 2 CHCH (CH 2 ) m —O—R 3 —OH (3)
(Here, R 3 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cyclohexyl group. M represents an integer of 0 to 10.)
CH 2 = CR 4 (COO) s (CH 2) t -R 5 (4)
(Here, R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 5 represents a perfluoroalkyl group or a hydrofluoroalkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. S represents 0 or 1, and t represents an integer of 0 to 6. )
CH2=C(CH3)−COO−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]p−R6 (5)
(ここで、R6はは−CH=CH2あるいは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示す。pは1〜250の整数を示す。)
CH2=CH−COO−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]o−(CH2)x−R7(6)
(ここで、R7は−CH=CH2あるいは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基を示す。xは0〜6の整数、oは1〜250の整数を示す。)
R8−C3H6−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]q−C3H6−R8 (7)
(ここで、R8は−OOC(CH3)C=CH2あるいは−OOCHC=CH2を示す。qは1〜250の整数を示す。)
CH2=C(CH3)−COO−C3H6−Si[O−Si(CH3)3]3 (8)
CH2=CH−Si(CH3)2−[O−Si(CH3)2]y−R9 (9)
(ここで、R9は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基あるいは−CH=CH2を示す。yは1〜250の整数を示す。)(B) the reactive silicone is a single-ended or double-ended modified silicone oil represented by the following formulas (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9): A fluorine-containing copolymer containing the unsaturated double bond according to claim 1 or 2.
CH 2 = C (CH 3) -COO-C 3 H 6 -Si (CH 3) 2 - [O-Si (CH 3) 2] p -R 6 (5)
(Here, R 6 represents —CH = CH 2 or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. P represents an integer of 1 to 250.)
CH 2 = CH-COO-C 3 H 6 -Si (CH 3) 2 - [O-Si (CH 3) 2] o - (CH 2) x -R 7 (6)
(Here, R 7 represents —CH = CH 2 or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. X represents an integer of 0 to 6, and o represents an integer of 1 to 250.)
R 8 -C 3 H 6 -Si ( CH 3) 2 - [O-Si (CH 3) 2] q -C 3 H 6 -R 8 (7)
(Wherein, R 8 is .q showing a -OOC (CH 3) C = CH 2 or -OOCHC = CH 2 is an integer of 1-250.)
CH 2 = C (CH 3) -COO-C 3 H 6 -Si [O-Si (CH 3) 3] 3 (8)
CH 2 = CH-Si (CH 3) 2 - [O-Si (CH 3) 2] y -R 9 (9)
(Here, R 9 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or —CH = CH 2. Y represents an integer of 1 to 250.)
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